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1、专题04 形容词与副词一、 形容词、副词概览 (一)形容词和副词比较等级的构成规则1规则变化例词原级比较级最高级单音节的词一般情况下直接加er和estsmallsmallersmallestgreatgreatergreatesthardharderhardest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加r和stnicenicernicestcutecutercutestlargelargerlargest以一个辅音字母结尾，且前面只有一个元音的词，先双写词尾的辅音字母后再加er和estfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottest以“辅音字母y”结尾
2、的词，先把y变为i再加er和esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词都在前面加more和mostcarefulmore carefulmost carefulpopularmore popularmost popularefficientlymore efficientlymost efficiently 特别注意(1)有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common, handsome, quiet, plea
3、sant, cruel, stupid, tired和以ow, er结尾的词。(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的), wrong(错误的), excellent(优秀的), possible(可能的), empty(空的), first(第一的), wooden(木制的), final(最后的), east(东方的), last(最后的)等。2不规则变化原级比较级最高级good, wellbetterbestbad, illworseworstmany, muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarf
4、arther(指时间或空间上“更远的”)farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的；最远的”)further(指空间距离“更远的”；在更大程度上)furthest(指空间距离“最远的”；在最大程度上)oldolder/elderoldest/eldest(二)形容词、副词比较等级的用法1原级的用法(1)“as形容词/副词原级as”与“notas/so形容词/副词原级as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。He doesnt run so/as fast as his younger brother.他没有他弟弟跑得快。(2)当as .as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：
5、Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.亨利的书没有我的书多。2比较级的用法(1)“形容词/副词比较级than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更”。“less多音节形容词/副词原级than”结构表示“一方不及另一方”。The book is less interesting than that one.这本书不如那本书有趣。(2)“the形容词/副词比较级，the形容词/副词比较级”表示“越，就越”。The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns.机器人与人类交
6、流得越多，它学会的就越多。(3)“形容词/副词比较级and形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越”。It becomes colder and colder when winter comes.冬天来了，天气越来越冷。(4)“the形容词/副词比较级of the two名词”表示“某人或某物是两者中较的”。Mike is the taller of the two boys.迈克是两个男孩中个子比较高的那个。(5)形容词/副词比较级可以用much, even, still, far, a little, a lot, rather等来修饰。It was also much more than we
7、could afford, but far less than the original asking price.这个价格仍然远远超出我们能够负担得起的价位，但是它已经远远低于最初的要价了。3最高级的用法(1)表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构为“the最高级表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“是中最的”。The dog has a funny, short tail and certainly the funniest face of the dogs in the world.这只狗有一条逗人而短的尾巴，它的脸肯定是世上最逗人的狗脸了。(2)“one of the最高级可数名词复数”表示
8、“最的之一”。This is one of the most important events in modern history.这是现代历史上最重要的事件之一。(3)用比较级或原级表示最高级含义。“否定词语比较级”表示最高级含义。比较级形式表示最高级含义。(4)最高级可以用序数词及by far, nearly, almost, much, by no means等修饰。(三)倍数表达法倍数表达法例句A谓语倍数形容词/副词比较级(名词)thanBThe electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditio
9、nal garbage as a whole.总的来说，泛滥成灾的电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。A谓语倍数as形容词/副词原级asBThis restaurant wasnt half as good as that other restaurant we went to.这家饭店还不如我们以前去过的那家饭店的一半好。A谓语倍数the名词(size, length, height, weight等)ofBWhen you study the local map, youll find this town is twice the size of that one.当你研究当地的地图
10、时，你会发现这座城镇是那座(城镇)的两倍大。A谓语倍数thatofBA谓语倍数what从句The output of this year is three times that of 2018.The output of this year is three times what it was in 2018.今年的产量是2018年的三倍。 (一)易混词辨析beside在旁边(或附近)besides 此外，而且late迟的，晚的later后来，以后ago以前(以现在为起点)before以前(以过去为起点)somewhere某处everywhere到处(二)形近副词辨析 (三)连接副词用法一览.
11、单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _ (long) than nonrunners.2(2018全国卷)He screams the _ (loud) of all.3(20186月浙江高考)There could be an even _ (high) cost on your health.4(2017全国卷)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for t
12、hat something missing.Even _ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.5(20176月浙江高考)Sixteen years _ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.6(2016全国卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of _ (great)
13、and less importance.7(2014全国卷)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _ (clean) than ever.8(2014广东高考)After our plane landed, we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months _ (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.1. 解析：longer根据空后的
14、than和语境可知，此处应该使用副词比较级形式，故填longer。2. 解析：loudest根据空前的the以及空后的of all可知此处应用副词最高级。3. 解析：higher此处表示这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康代价。根据even可判断，此处要用形容词的比较级。4. 解析：worse根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用副词比较级形式，even worse表示“更糟糕的是”。5. 解析：earliersixteen years earlier表示“早在16年前”。此时的earlier相当于before，一般直接跟在时间名词的后面。6. 解析：greaterand连接并列成分，根据后面的
15、less可知，此处要用形容词比较级形式。7. 解析：cleaner从后面的“than”可知此处要用形容词比较级，故填cleaner。8. 解析：earlier由“had made”可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前，故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了，所以用副词比较级earlier。.单句改错1(2018全国卷)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people._2(2017全国卷)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together._3(2016四川高考)Th
16、e dishes that I cooked were Moms favoritest._4(2018全国卷)Immediate, I raised my hand._4. 解析：ImmediateImmediately此处为副词作状语，故将Immediate改为Immediately。5(2017全国卷)A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car._6(2017全国卷)Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet._7(2014全国卷
17、)Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden._8(2014全国卷)Since then for all these years we have been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please. As a result, the plants are growing somewhere._1. 解析：largerlarge根据
18、句意，作者害怕在一大群人面前讲话，这里没有比较的含义，故将larger改为large。2. 解析：earlierearlyget up early意为“早起”，句中没有比较的意思，故不用比较级。3. 解析：favoritestfavoritefavorite没有比较级和最高级。5. 解析：latelater“一段时间late”表示“迟到多长时间”；“一段时间later”表示“多长时间之后”。此处表示“几分钟后，教练让我把车停下来”。6. 解析：BesideBesides句意：此外，他们还经常从网上获取一些有用的信息。beside“在旁边”，是介词；besides“此外”，是副词。7. 解析：beforeago表示在说话时之前用ago；相对于过去的某个时间或动作之前才用before。故before应改为ago。8. 解析：somewhereeverywheresomewhere意为“某处”，而此处语境表示“植物到处生长”，故应用everywhere“到处”。