《法国人文地理.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《法国人文地理.ppt（46页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、France,Geography,Location,Located in Western Europe Borders the Bay of Biscay and English Channel Between Belgium and Spain, southeast of the United Kingdom Bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and Spain,Climate,Generally cool winters and mild summers, Mild winters and hot summers along th
2、e Mediterranean Occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral,Terrain,Mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west Remainder is mountainous, especially in Pyrenees in the south and the Alps in the East Land utility For farming Arable land: 33.46% permanen
3、t crops: 2.03% permanent pastures: 20% forests and woodland: 27%other: 18%,Environment,Natural Resources Coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium, antimony, arsenic, potash, feldspar, fluorospar, gypsum, timber and fish Natural hazards: Flooding Avalanches Midwinter windstorms Drought and forest fires
4、 in south near the Mediterranean,Current issues: Some forest damage from acid rain Air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions Water pollution from urban wastes and agricultural runoff,Regions of France,The French Republic has 4 overseas territories due to its history as a colonial power. Th
5、ey have the same status as metropolitan regions, much like Hawaiis equal status to a continental U.S. state. They are overseas dpartements (dpartement doutre-mer, or DOM, with the same status as a dpartement of metropolitan France These overseas departments, unlike overseas collectivities, are repre
6、sented in National Assembly, Senate and Economic and Social Council, elect a Member of the European Parliament, (MEP), and also use the Euro as their currency.,French Guiana,Location: Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil and Suriname Climate: Tropical; hot, humi
7、d Little seasonal temperature variation Terrain: Low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small mountains Farmland: arable land 0.13%, permanent crops 0.04%, other 99.83% (90% forest, 10% other) Natural Resources: gold deposits, petroleum, kaolin, niobium, tantalum and clay,Martinique,Location:
8、Caribbean Island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago Climate: subtropical tempered by trade winds Moderately high humidity, rainy season, June to October Vulnerable to devastating cyclone, hurricanes, every eight years on average Terrain: mountainous with
9、 indented coastline; dormant volcano Farmland: arable land 9.09%, permanent crops 10.0%, other 80.91%,Guadeloupe,Location: Caribbean Islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Puerto Rico Climate: subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity Rainy seaso
10、n, June to October, Vulnerable to devastating cyclones, hurricanes, every eight years on average Terrain: volcanic in origin with interior mountains,Reunion,Location: Southern Africa Island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar Climate: tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation Cool and c
11、ry, May to November Hot and rainy, November to April Terrain: mostly Rugged and Mountainous, fertile lowlands along coast Farmland: arable land 13.94%, permanent crops 1.59%, other 84.47%,History,The name France comes from the Latin word Francia which means “land of the Franks” or “Frankland”,Gaul,T
12、he region of modern France is approximately the same as the ancient country called Gaul 1st century BC Gaul captured by Julies Caesar 2nd 3rd century AD Roman culture had been incorporated into society,4th century AD the eastern border of Gaul around the Rhine was taken over by Germanic tribes, most
13、ly by the Franks 843 AD the Treaty of Verdun ended Charlemagnes control of France. The treaty divided the Charlemagnes Carolingian Empire into three parts, Easter Francia, Middle Francia, Western Francia Modern France is composed of the land of Western Francia,France,France was ruled by Carolingians
14、 until 987 AD when Hugh Capet, Duke of France and Count of Paris, was crowned King of France The French monarchy reached its peak with Louis XIV 1789: French Revolution ended the rule of the monarchy. During the revolution, the monarchs King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were executed,Napoleon Bona
15、parte,1799: Napoleon Bonaparte gained control of the Republic Bonaparte named himself Emperor of the First French Empire (1804 1814) 1815: Battle of Waterloo, Bonapartes defeat and exile Afterwards, France transitioned through a series of republics and empires,Timeline of Republics and Empires,1870-
16、1940: French Third Republic,1848 1852: French Second Republic,1792 1804: French Republic,1804 1814: French First Empire Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, Napoleon I,1946-1958: French Fourth Republic,1852-1870: French Second Empire Emperor Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, aka Napoleon III,1958 - Present: French F
17、ifth Republic,Important Wars,1789 1799: French Revolution July 18, 1815: Battle of Waterloo Bonapartes defeat July 19, 1870 - May 10, 1871: Franco-Prussian War 1914 1918: World War I 1939 1945: World War II December 1946 - August 1954: First Indochina War,French Revolution,Military,Branches: Army Na
18、vy Air Force National Gendarmerie No longer constrictive service. Minimum eligible age is 17. Women are able to serve however as non-combative units.,The current available service members are: males age 17-49: 13,676,509 females age 17-49: 13,504,539 (CIA 2005 est.) They spend an approximated 2.6% o
19、f their GDP on military. This amounts to: $48,646,000,000,000,Culture,Literature and Poetry,The French language was not yet a uniform language but it was split up into several oil dialects French literature originated in the Middle Ages Including: Tristan and Iseult and Lancelot-Grail Much of French
20、 poetry was influenced by the Matter of France, a tale of epics French Poetry: Perrout de Saint Cloudes “Roman de Renart”,Arthur Franois Rabelaiss work was very influential to the French language Chrtien de Troyes was an important writer from the Medieval times 18th and 19th century, during the Rena
21、issance, was the height of French literature and poetry Writers like Voltaire and Jean Jacques-Rousseau emerged Famous French literature: The Three Musketeers, The Count of Monte Cristo, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, and The Hunchback of Notre Dame.,Famous Literature and Authors,Sports,Popu
22、lar sports include basketball, handball, rugby union, and football (soccer) France hosts the annual Tour de France Most famous road bicycle race in the world France is also famous for the 24 Hours of Le Mans competition It is a sports car endurance race The national football team and national rugby
23、team are nicknamed “Les Bleus,” the blues,Marianne,Marianne is the symbol of the French Republic. She represents liberty and appeared during the French Revolution,Mont Saint Michel is a site in France that is popular to tourists The Eiffel Tower is a major landmark in Paris, France The Palais des pa
24、pes (Palace of popes) in Avignon is also a major landmark.,Mont Saint Michel,Palais des papes,Eiffel Tower,Landmarks,Food,French cuisine: Emphasis on famous French wine Champagne, coming from the Champagne region of France Cheeses Produces over 400 kinds of cheeses Cooking styles. The most exquisite
25、 cuisines are called haute cuisine.,Art,Painting by Claude Monet,Art in ancient France can be traced back to the Paleolithic age (10,000 32,000 yrs ago). Cave paintings have been found in Altamira, Font de Gaume, Lascaux, Les Combarelles, Niaux Cave and Les Trois Frres. Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Cla
26、ude Monet are among the most famous painters from France. They were part of the impressionist art movement in Europe,Important Facts about Culture,The French national flag was made during the French Revolution. It is a tricolor flag with vertical bands of blue, white, and red. The flag was made famo
27、us by Marquis de Lafayette The origin of the French kingdom is dated to 496 because it marks three important features of the country which are: The definition of a territorial boundary The definition of a power rule (succession by heir) The definition of a social system 3 groups of people: warriors,
28、 priests, and workers Frances motto is “Libert, galit, Fraternit (Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood) Since 1880, the national holiday of France is the Fte Nationale (National Holiday). It is celebrated on the 14th of July. It celebrates the Fte de la Fdration.,Demographics,Total population: 62, 752, 13
29、6 Language: French 100% with rapidly declining regional dialects and languages of Povencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish Birthrate of 11.99 births/1,000 population and death rate of 9.14 deaths/1,000 population Religion: Roman Catholic 83%-88%, Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, Musli
30、m 5-10%, unaffiliated 4% Race: Celtic and Latin with Teutonic, Slavic, North African, Indochinese, Basque minorities Countrys population sharply increased with the baby boom following World War II,French Republic,Republiqe Francaise (The French Republic),France is a republic with Paris as her capita
31、l. (The fifth republic) The nation is composed of twenty-six regions, four of which are overseas. Of the 22 regions, there are 96 metropolitan departments. Independence- 486 AD,Bastille Day,Bastille Day, 14 July 1790 is the National Holiday. Contrary to popular belief, Bastille Day celebrates the fi
32、rst anniversary following the storming of the Bastille in 1789.,The French Republic,France has universal suffrage with minimum age of eighteen. Women attained suffrage in 1944. Accepted currency: the Euro, adopted on 1 January 2002 4 October 1958 the French constitution enacted and revised in 1962.,
33、The French Republic,The three branches of government include the executive, legislative and judicial. The president is elected every five years. President Chirac has been in power since 1995.,The prime minister is appointed by the president and confirmed by the parliament. Dominique De Villepin is t
34、he current prime minister.,President Chirac (front) and Dominique De Villepin (back),The French Republic,The parliament comprises of a National Assembly and Senate. The National Assembly is directly elected by the French people with 577 members in five year terms. Through an electoral college, 318 a
35、re elected to the Senate with nine year terms and one third up of seats are up for election. A constitutional council provides as a check system for the parliament. Members of this council are appointed.,The French National Assembly (Paris),The French Republic,The court system is set in civil law. A
36、 case can move from courts, courts of appeal, and as the court of last resort, Cour de cassation. Other courts in France include Conseil dEtat, which accepts administrative cases (which Cour de cassation holds no jurisdiction) Courts of Assizes which tries crimes of severity through three judges and
37、 nine jurors. Those tried are presumed innocent until proven guilty.,Political Parties,Rassemblement pour la Rpublique (Chiracs party) The Socialist party Union pour la Democratie Franaise French Communist party,French Communist Party Headquarters,Government Organizations,European Union (EU) North A
38、tlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) United Nations Security Council permanent member. World Trade Organization World Health Organization OSCE, International Labor Organization G-5, G-7, G-8, and G-10.,Government Organizations, contd,Under the UN Security council, from 1946-2003 France has used her ve
39、to power eighteen times. France is also an original member of the European Union (beginning in 1957) which was originally title as the European Community. France and Germany have strengthened their relationship since WWII, encouraging stronger defenses of the EU.,French Flag,The flag is known as “Le
40、 drapeau tricolore”.,Economics,Economics,France has one of the higher income equality indexes in the world with a Gini index of 26.7 Inflation rate: 1.5% Agricultural Products: machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics; textiles, food processing; tourism Just over 48 milli
41、on people have cell phones in France and there are 35.7 million hard telephone lines. 29.5 million use the internet.,French Economy,The 2006 GDP is $1.871 trillion France has a labor force of 27.88 million people with an unemployment rate of 8.7% in 2006 In 2004, 6.2% of the population lived below t
42、he poverty line. 0.2% industrial growth rate,French Exports,machinery and transportation equipment aircraft plastics chemicals pharmaceutical products iron and steel beverages,French Imports,Germany 18.9% Belgium 10.7% Italy 8.3% Spain 7% Netherlands 6.6% UK 5.9% US 5.1%,All Sources,France. The Worl
43、d Factbook: CIA. 15 Mar. 2007. 20 Mar. 2007 . France. World Perspective Monde. 20 Mar. 2007 . French Government. Discover France. 20 Mar. 2007 . Government of France. Wikipedia. 16 Mar. 2007. 20 Mar. 2007 . France/Transnational Issues. Wikipedia. 20 Mar. 2007 . France. Wikipedia. 19 Mar. 2007. Wikipedia Foundation, Inc. 20 Mar. 2007 . Culture of France. Travour.Com. 2006. 20 Mar. 2007 . Geography of France. Wikipedia. 16 Mar. 2007. 20 Mar. 2007 .,