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1、中考英语语法考点纵览14 倒装结构一、倒装概述1、 倒装的定义：由于句子结构的需要或为了表示强调，把全部谓语或者局部谓语置于主语前面的结构形式, 称之为倒装句。2、 倒装的分类：完全倒装：谓语动词完全移到主语之前。局部倒装：只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前。、倒装结构考点纵览知识点考点考点对应典型例题剖析考点一：倒装句的作用和意义考点1:适应一定语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。典型例句May I come in? 我可以进来吗？Was the Peoples Liberation Army founded in 1927?中国人民解放军是 1927 年成立的吗？考点2:为了强调某
2、一局部，而把这局部放到句首，构成倒装。典型例句Never have I bee n late for school this term.这学期我从来没有迟到过。So early did he come to school that no other students came. 他来学校如此的早以至于还没有学生来。考点二：完全倒装结构只用于一般现在时和一般过去时考点1: here, there, out, in, up, down, off等表地点、方位的副词或介词词组位于句首时，用完全倒装。典型例句Here ' s Tom汤姆在这里。Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了
3、。There goes the bell. 铃响了。Away we nt the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。The door ope ned and in came Mr. Smith.门开了，史密斯先生进了来。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。There are some books on the table.桌上有几本书 .Among
4、these people was his friend Jim.他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。By the wi ndow sat a young man with a magaz ine in his hand.窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。注意：主语是代词时，不用倒装。Here you are.给你。There she goes.他去那里了。考点2： now, then等表示时间的副词放在句首时，用元全倒装结构。典型例句Now comes our turn. 现在轮到我们了。Then came the firemen. 后来消防员来了。考点3:分词放在句首时，用完全倒装结构。典型例
5、句Gone are the days whe n the worki ng people suffered from cold andhun ger.工人们挨冻挨饿的日子已经过去了。Atte nding the meet ing are all the members of the committee. 所有的居委会成员都参加了会议。考点三：局部倒装结构考点1:局部倒装指将谓语的一局部如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前，而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，那么需添加助动词 do, does或did ,并将其置于主语之前。考点 2： 否认副词 never, hardly, sel
6、dom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner,no Ion ger, no where, by no means 等置于句首时，其后用局部倒装。典型例句Never have I see n read such a book.我从未读过那样的书。Not un til twelve o'clock did she go to bed last ni ght .她昨晚十一点才上床睡觉。Seldom does he go out for dinner.他很少出去吃饭。Hardly does she have time to list
7、en to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。Little does he realize how importa nt this meeti ng is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off.我们刚至U机场，飞机就起飞了。考点 3:含有 no 的畐U词短语如：in no way, by no means, in no case, at no time,under/in no circumsta nces, on no con diti on等置于句首时也要倒装。典型例句By no
8、 mea ns should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不冃能触摸的。In (Un der) no circumsta nces will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他 .In no time did he work out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。考点4： only力口状语副词/介词短语/从句放在句首时，其后用局部倒装结构。典型例句Only in this way can you do it
9、well. 只有这样你才能做好。Only whe n he retur ned home did he realize what had happe ned.当他回至 U家里时，才知道出了什么事。Only then did he realize that he was wron g.到那时他才意识到他错了。考点5: so / neither / nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用so / neither / nor+助动词+主语这样的倒装句式。so用于肯疋句中,neither/nor用于否疋句。典型例句He can sing En glish son gs, and so can I.
10、 他会唱英语歌，我也会。He didn ' t see the film, and neither did他没有看这部电影，我也没有看。You are young, and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music, and so do I.她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。You aren ' t young, and neither am你不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasn ' t read it, and nor have她没有读它，我也没有读。注意：so+主语+谓语结构表示冋意。"It was cold yesterday."
11、 "So it was.""昨天很冷。"确实很冷。"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did.""爸爸，你容许过的。""嗯，是容许过。注意：右别人说的既有肯疋、又有否疋或用了不止一种动词时，那么用So it is with me.He was born in Beiji ng and lives in Shan ghai. So it is with me.他出生在北京， 生活在上海。我也是。考点6:在“sothat和“suchthat引导的结果状语
12、从句中，当so和such位于句首时，用"sosuch + adj +主语+谓语的倒装形式。典型例句Such is life that everyone can understand this.生活就是这样，每个人都明白这一点。So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天气太冷，我们只好呆在豕里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。考点7：当not onlvbut also位于句首引出句子时，not
13、 only 后的句子通常用局部倒装形式。典型例句Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。也讲Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确, 得更不费力了。三、稳固训练()1. Look,.A.here the bus comesB. here is the bus coningC.here comes the busD. here the bus is coming()2. Where is Kate?Lo
14、ok,she is at the school gateA.there she isB. there is sheC. here you areD. here it is()3. Which of the followi ng sentences is correct?A.In the teacher came.B. In did come the teacher.C.In did the teacher comeD. In came the teacher.()4. Out, with a stick in his hand.A.did he rushB. rushed heC. he ru
15、shedD. he did rush()5. So carelesslythat he almost killed himself.A.he drivesB. he droveC. does he driveD. did he drive()6. Early in the daythe n ews that the en emy were gone.A.comeB. cameC. comesD. coming()7. Only when you realize the importance of foreign languagesthem well.A.you can lear nB. can
16、 you lear nC. you lear nedD. did you lear n()8. Only after liberati onto be treated as huma n bein gs.A. did they beginB. they had begunC. they did begi nD. had they begu n()9. Not onlyto stay at home, but he was also forbidde n to see his friends.A. he was forcingB. he was forcedC. was he forci ngD
17、. was he forced( )10. Never beforesee n such a stupid man.A. am IB. was IC. have ID. shall I()11. Rarelysuch a silly thi ng.A. have I heard ofB. I have heard ofC. am I heard ofD. had I heard of()12. Littleabout his own health though he was very ill.A. he caredB. did he care C. does he care D. he car
18、es()13. Only whe nin the afternoonable to leave.A. the match was over; they wereB. was the match over; were theyC. was the match over; they wereD. the match was over; were they()14. Hardlydow n when he stepped in.A. had I satB. did I sitC. have I sat D. I had sat()15. She did not see Smith.A. Neithe
19、r did I B. Nor didn ' t I C. Neither I did D. So didn ' t I答案解析1. 选C。here comes the bus表示"公交车来了 ，副词here提前，后面用完全倒装结构。2. 选A。主语时代词she，所以不用倒装结构，用there she is的形式。3. 选D。副词in提到句首，后面句子用完全倒装结构in came the teacher。4. 选C。主语是代词he，所以不用倒装结构，用 out he rushed的形式。5. 选D。so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so提前时，后面要用局部倒装结构形式
20、：did he drive。6. 选B。early in the day时间状语提到句首，后面用完全倒装结构，时态为过去式，所以用cameo7. 选B。“only+状语提到句首，后面用局部倒装形式：can you learn them well。8. 选A。“only+after liberation 时间状语提至句首，后面用局部倒装结构。9选Eh not only副i司放到句首，后面用局部倒装结构磷式*10 ® Co never否认副词放到旬酉后面用割分倒装结构，而且时态应谪用现在完成时，所以选ha僱11.选加 闻呷否走副词放到句I苜，后面用咅吩倒装结枸时态因该用现在完成时*12选良舌走畐I词linlfjj;到句亀 后面用咅吩倒装结构亠1M选D. ffanly+when引导的fl寸间状谱从句放到句首，后面句子用普吩性雌构，但是 '血n可导的fl寸间状语 从句不用倒装语序。14.选乩hardly词放到句百，后面用局部倒装结构，而且R儒应该用过去逆行时。15-SAo neither did I表示"我也没有作后者适应于前者所说的情况°