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1、外文翻译资料8Washing machinesLet ' s look inside one of today's fully automatic washing machines that use swirling water toclean the clothes. There are many types of washing machines but this Figure shows you what most of them are basically made up of.oThe reason why a washing machine like this ca
2、n wash and get the water out of the clothes at the same time is because it has a double layer drum. When washing and rinsing, the pulsator spins and makes the water swirl. To get the water out of the clothes, the inner wall f the drum spins and the water goes through the holes.These days, the "
3、 centrifugal force washing machines " are quite popular. This type of mac does not use a pulsator. Instead, the inner wall spins really quickly. When the drum spins, the dirty clothes get stuck to the wall. The water and detergent also try to escape through the holes of the wall but before they
4、 do so, they are forced to escape through the clothes. When this happens, the power of the water and detergent removes the dirt form the clothes. Another good thing about this type of machine is that clothes don' t get tangled up so you don ' t have to worry about yoigetting ripped or damage
5、d.Next, let ' s look at some different types of washing machines!Many of you probably think that the water inside washing machines goes round and round. Actually, different washing machines make water flow in different ways.Whirlpool type:This type of washing machine uses a pulsator to force the
6、 water to move like a whirlpool inside the Drum. The spinning water forces the dirt out form the clothes inside the machine. Some of the newer models of this type also make the whirlpool move up and down to make it clean clothes even better!Agitator stirring typeThis type of washing machine has some
7、thing that looks like a propeller at the bottom of the tub.This Propeller spins around and stirs the water. The water then forces the dirt out from the clothes in the machine. The good thing about this type of machine is that clothes do not get tangled up and clothes get evenly washed.Drum type:This
8、 type of machine has a drum with many holes in it. There are also protrusions bumps on the wall of the drum. As the drum turns, the clothes are picked up by the protrusions. When the clothes fall down from the top of the drum through the water, the movement removes dirt from the clothes.Centrifugal
9、force type:As we have said before, the spinning drum pushes the water and detergent out through the wall of the inner drum. The power that comes form spinning the drum is called centrifugal force., which is where the name comes from. The water is forced through the clothes and then the holes in the
10、inner wall. After one cycle, the water is recycled back into the tank and the process starts again. This cycle is what cleans the clothes!In Japan, people first started using machines in 1930. But then the price of a washing machine was so high that most average persons could not buy one for their h
11、omes.Looking back now, there was something strange and funny on some of the first versions of the washing machine .The machine had two rollers that were used to sandwich each shirt and other clothes to squeeze the water out of them. The rollers were turned by hand, and in fact, you needed a lot of s
12、trength to turn those things! Still, people then thought it was a really neat invention! This type of water squeezer was used for almost 30 years until something new came along. The spin drier that used " centrifugal force ” to get moistcofttbe thatelothes.In 1953, the nozzle type washing machi
13、ne was first sold in Japan. This washing machine is like the older brother of the swirling washing machine that you see today. The price of these washing machines was lower and because of this, more people bought them. The first fully automatic washing machine was introduced in 1968, and after that,
14、 washing clothes became a lot easier to do!There are a lot of different types of washing machines. What kind of washing machine do you have in your house?Fully automatic:The fully automatic machine has two drum layers that wash, rinse and remove water from clothes together. All you have to do is add
15、 detergent and put in dirty clothes and then washing machine will do the rest. There is also a new type of fully automatic washing machine that can dry clothes after they have been washed.Twin tub:This washing machine has one part that dose the washing and another part that does the squeezing. Even
16、though it ' s a hassle to take the clothes out and move thenr tobotthe good thing is that you can wash and squeeze at the same time with one machine.Front loading:The main feature of front loaders is that they use a lot less water than other types. This is the type of Washing machine that dry cl
17、eaners use but a lot of people in western countries have this type of washing machine in their homes too.Let ' s try to make the best washing machine in the world!We should already thank the scientists that invented the fully automatic washing machine because it makes washing clothes a piece of
18、cake.Scientists are still trying really hard to find ways to make washing machines a lot handier to use for everyone. Some of the things that they are trying to do are to find better ways of making clothes clean and ways to make washing machines last longer. There are washing machines with d trying
19、function today so you don' even have to hang clothes after words becauseit dries them automatically! Amazing!Scientists are also trying to find ways to use less water and less detergent in washing machines at present. This is because that it is better to use less water for preserving the environ
20、ment.What are washing machines of the future going to be like? Maybe there will be a washing machine that dries and folds your clothes after washing them, or maybe there will be one that will wash your clothes while you are still wearing them! How handy would that be! Remember, if the first washing
21、machine was like a dream to people in the old days, all the dreams you have about washing machines of the future may come true!Now, washing machine is becoming more and more popular. We see the main classification.Washing machine can be divided into automatic type and semi-automatic type two kinds,
22、automatic type washing machine as long as we begin our work proactively set better washing procedure, washing machine began to work until the end without manual intervention. And semi-automatic washing machine washing and dewatering process is divided, is also called the double barrel washing machin
23、e, a tong, one takes off a bucket, and put tong inside washing out to artificial add to take off in the barrel dehydration is handled and complete laundry process. Full-automatic washing machine in structure to take off in tong internal bucket suit, two barrels of axis, while working with the clutch
24、 to finish washing state and dehydration of the transition of the states, on the key said is automatic washing machine.Full-automatic washing machine press catharsis means to points, can be divided into buntwasher and roll barrel type two kinds of washing machine, From the electric control ways to p
25、oints, can be divided into mechanical program-controlled type and computer board controls type washing machine two kinds.The cylinder and thepulsator washing machine are now the main two kinds.Pulsator washing machine working principle is to add clothing, then open the inlet valve, choose good bibco
26、ck of water level and correct working procedures, switch on the power, closed warehouse door, and safety switch closed at water level, the public internal switch contacts are and dehydration contacts are interlinked, inlet valve electrify water, when the barrel water reaches the specified height, in
27、 air pressure under the action of water level switch inside public contacts disconnect dehydration contacts and connect washing contacts, feed valve power to stop water, motor power is switched on, motor started running, and periodically sometimes are turning, sometimes reverse, mutual alternant, dr
28、iven by clutch BoLun using the same cycle are turning, inversion, with a certain speed rotating BoLun can drive inside bucket of water and clothing, clothing rotating water formed in the mutual friction and reach the purpose of laundry. When washing process is completed, drainage electromagnetic val
29、ve electrify work, drain valve is opened, inside bucket of water exudes, and linkage shaft also the clutch from washing state switch to dehydration state, when drainage is completed, atmospheric pressure drop and inside bucket of water level switch public contacts reset through dehydration contacts,
30、 drainage electromagnetic valve keep electrify state, motor driven off running electrify bucket high-speed and jilt dry clothing, laundry program after washing machine disconnect hydropower and stop. As for intermediate process of how many times, laundry to wash the length of time, by process contro
31、l.Roller-type washing machine of the principle and Pulsator washing machine are basic similar. But 110mm drum machine it no clutch variable speed, but its motor is double-speed motor, so when washing machine work in washing state, program-controlled device connected motor washing low-speed windings,
32、 motor speed slow, working on dehydration, when they connect dehydration modal high-speed windings, motor high-speed operation, this process is programmed through the device and motor to work together to finish.To sum up, the role of these two kinds of washing machine is same, but different implemen
33、tation, each has his strong point, Pulsator washing machine is simulated handmade kneaded action to work, 110mm drum type washing machine is by gravity inertial function to finish our work, they realize washing and dewatering way also have different features, Pulsator washing machine to wear clothes
34、 is relatively large, but detergents degree is higher, 110mm drum machine for clothing wear small, but detergents degrees, but lower than Pulsator washing machine to save water.So far, washing machine is still towards a higher requirements development.洋文:洗衣机/:令合T1国扇(*)*#1外埔来看一下涡流式全自动洗衣机的构造。这种洗衣机有各种各
35、样的型号，其基本构造如图 所示。洗衣机之所以能兼具洗条和脱水的功能，是因为它有一个双层水槽。在积满水进行“洗 条”和“漂洗”时，振动机旋转，产生水流。脱水时，只有内槽快速旋转，将衣服中的水甩 出。最近渐渐流行的“离心式洗衣机”不是振动机旋转，而是内槽旋转。当内槽旋转时，该 作用力使衣服贴近内层。由丁水和洗条剂会从内槽的空洞向外甩出，因此能快速从衣服中穿 透，用这种冲击力去除污后。这种机器的另一个好处是由丁在水中衣物不会缠绕，因此不必 担心衣物扭曲，变形或坏掉。下面看一看不同类型的洗衣机！涡流式：这种类型洗衣机利用振动机的旋转产生涡流，从而祛除污后。有的新型洗衣机能使涡流 上下反复旋转，从而使污
36、后更容易祛除！搅拌式也许很多人认为洗衣机中的水是在以同样方式旋转。事实上洗衣机的水流方式也有多种 类型。这种洗衣机在底部有一个看起来像螺旋桨的带有叶片的轴，它会反复地反方向转动，将 水搅动起来，然后水的作用力将衣物中的污后祛除。它具有使衣服不易缠绕，并能均匀活洗 的优点。滚筒式：在开有许多小孔的圆筒中，有突出的板子。外围的滚筒旋转时，板子将衣物抬起，下落 是时的冲力将污后祛除。离心力式：1930年，在日本，人们第一次开始使用洗衣机。不过，当时的售价还很高，并没有普及 到一般家庭。就像我们前边所说的那样，旋转的内槽将水和洗条剂从内槽壁推出。从内槽向外甩出的 力叫做“离心力”，这也是“离心力”这个
37、名字的来源。这种洗衣机由丁是内槽旋转，因此 水会从内槽猛地向外部喷射，然后乂会回到内槽中，不断地循环往复。正是这种循环活洁了 衣物！在以前的洗衣机中，安装了现在看起来有些可笑的部件。机器有两根滚轴，火住洗条衣 物，把水挤出来。由丁采用的是手动旋转把手后滚轴转动的构造，所以需要相当大的力气， 不过在当时它还是非常便利，此后，这种滚轴式脱水机大约被使用了长达30年之久，一直到离心式脱水机出现为止。1953年，涡流式洗衣机的原形分流式洗衣机在日本上市销售。这种洗衣机就像现在所见的涡流式洗衣机的哥哥。由丁这些洗衣机的价格低廉，使用洗衣机的家庭渐渐多起来。1968年，全自动式洗衣机登场，此后洗衣机变得愈
38、加方便了。洗衣机有许多种类。你们家里用的洗衣机届丁哪一种类型呢？自动式：全自动式洗衣机通过双层的水槽接连进行洗条，漂洗，脱水。你需要做的就是将洗条剂 和衣物放入洗衣机，之后洗衣机会自动进行活洗。还有一种可以烘干衣物的新型的全自动洗 衣机。双缶工式：让我们制造出世界上最好的洗衣机！滚筒式：滚筒式洗衣机的特点是用水量较少，洗衣店使用的多是滚筒式的。许多欧洲家庭中也使 用这种类型的洗衣机。这种洗衣机进行洗条的部分与脱水的部分分离。虽然脱水时需要将衣物取出更换地方， 但却具有洗条与脱水能同时进行的好处。我们应该很感激科学家发明出全自动洗衣机，因为它使洗衣服变成一件容易的事科学家仍在努力寻找方法使洗衣机
39、的使用更加便利。另外，科学家们还正在努力，寻找 更好的洗条衣物的方法和制造更耐用的洗衣机。现在洗衣机具有烘干功能，所以你甚至洗后 不用进行挂晒，因为它可以自动烘干衣物！太神奇了！目前科学家正在想方设法减少洗衣时的用水量。其原因是我们必须珍惜水资源，保护我 们的环境。你认为未来的洗衣机将会变成什么样子呢？如果能有可以洗条，烘干，折叠衣物或是能 在人穿着衣服时进行洗条的洗衣机的话，该有多方便啊！记住。，如果第一台洗衣机对旧时代 的人们是一个梦想的话，那么对未来洗衣机的种种设想就很可能会变为现实。现在，洗衣机正变得越来越流行。我们看到了主要的分类。洗衣机可分为全自动型、半自动式两种，全自动型洗衣机只
40、要我们开始工作积极定好洗涤程序 洗衣机开始工作，直到最后、无须人工干预。、半自动洗衣机洗过的衣服和脱水分，也被称为双筒洗衣机、通，一个脱桶内，把洗好的衣服晾出去，同人工加起步脱水处理而完整桶洗衣过 程。全自动洗衣机在其结构内部桶通起飞套装、 两桶轴，同时也可与离合器洗完的国家和脱水 状态的转换在关键说的是自动洗衣机。全自动洗衣机洗涤方式按观点，可分为系统垫圈和滚桶式两种洗涤机械，来自电气控制手段分 可分为机械程控类型和电脑板控制类型洗衣机两种。滚筒和波轮式洗衣机现在的主要两种。波轮式洗衣机的工作原理是放入衣物后，打开进水龙头的阀门，选择好正确的水位及工 作程序，接通电源，闭合仓门，门安全开关闭
41、合，此时水位开关内部的公共触点是和脱水触 点相通，进水阀通电进水，当桶内水位到达指定高度时，在气压的作用下水位开关内部公共 触点断开脱水触点而接通洗涤触点，进水阀断电停止进水，电动机电源被接通，电动机开始 运转，周期性的时而正转、时而反转，相互交替，通过离合器带动波轮用同样的周期正转、 反转，以一定速度旋转的波轮会带动桶内的水及衣物形成旋转水流，衣物在水流中相互磨擦 而达到洗衣的目的。当洗涤过程完成后，排水电磁阀通电工作，排水阀门被打开，桶内的水 向外排出，同时联动杆也把离合器从洗涤状态切换到脱水状态，当排水完成后，桶内大气压 力下降，水位开关的公共触点复位接通脱水触点，排水电磁阀继续保持通电
42、状态，电动机通 电运转带动脱水桶高速旋转而甩干衣物，洗衣程序结束后洗衣机断开水电而停机。至丁中间 的过程要洗多少次，洗衣时间的长短，由程序控制。滚筒式洗衣机的原理与波轮式洗衣机基本相似。但是滚桶洗衣机它没有离合器变速，但 是它的电机是双速电机，所以当洗衣机工作丁洗涤态时，程控器接通电机的洗涤低速绕组， 电机的转速慢，工作丁脱水态时，则接通脱水高速绕组，电机高速运转，这个过程是通过程 控器和电机的共同作用来完成。综上所述，这两类洗衣机的作用是一样的，但是实现的方式不同，各有千秋，波轮式洗衣 机是模拟手工的搓揉动作来工作，滚桶式洗衣机是通过重力惯性作用来完成工作的，它们实 现洗涤及脱水的方式也各有特点，波轮式洗衣机对衣物的磨损比较大，但洗洁度比较高，滚 桶洗衣机对衣物磨损小，但洗洁度比较低，但是比波轮式洗衣机节省水。截至目前，洗衣机还在朝着更高要求发展。