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1、牛津英语模块四 Unit 2 重点词语单词讲解上Welcome to this unit & Reading 用所给首字母和句意完成以下句中所缺单词。1. Every athlete wants to win h_ for his or her own country.2. I felt d_ to have been invited to make a speech here.3. Over 20 candidates c_ for one job in the company, but I was the luckiest one.4. After graduation, they
2、 work in s_ cities, so they dont meet very often.5. It was Li Ning that was chosen to l_ the torch of the 29th Olympic Games. 6. He was praised by the government for the c_ he had made to his country.7. After 32 years a_, China returned to Olympic Games in 1984.8. The prisoner made an a_ to escape,
3、but he failed.【答案与讲解】1. 填honor. 作不可数名词时表示“尊敬；敬意；荣誉，win honor for为赢得荣誉；作可数名词时表示“引以为荣的人或物，He is an honor to his parents. 他是父母的骄傲。作动词时表示“尊敬，honor sb with sth用某物来敬重某人。He was honored with the Nobel Prize. 他被授予诺贝尔奖。【拓展】honored adj. 受到尊敬的，the honored guest贵宾。honorable表示“荣耀的; 荣耀的，the honorable history荣耀的历史;
4、 feel it honorable to do sth觉得做某事荣幸。2. 填delighted. feel/be delighted to do sth快乐做某事；delightful表示主动意味“令人快乐的，in delightful/ pleasant weather。【拓展】delight作动词时表示“使快乐。The news delighted everyone present. 这消息让在场的人感到快乐。作名词“快乐；快乐，take delight in (doing) sth以做某事为乐；to ones delight/joy 使某人快乐的是。3. 填competed. Com
5、pete为不及物动词“竞赛；竞争，compete in a game角逐一项比赛；compete with sb. for sth与某人争夺某物。如： Athletes take part in Olympic events and competed for medals.运发动参加奥运会工程争获奖牌。【拓展】competitor 竞争者；competition为名词“竞赛。National Oral English Competition for Senior High全国高中英语口语大赛，win the first prize in the maths competition 在数学竞赛中
6、获取第一名。4. 填separate. 作形容词时表示“单独的；分开的，go on separate holidays分别去度假；go to separate schools去不同的上学。【辨析】separate / divideseparate作动词时表示将原来结合或混合在一起的事物区分开。如：separate A from B表示“将A与B分开。如：separate right from wrong区分是非。divide表示将原是整体的事物分割成假设干份。如：divide sth into 将分成；divide sth into four parts将分成四局部。divide sth be
7、tween / among sb在某人之间分割某物。如：Mom told me to divide the cake among us three. 妈妈叫我把蛋糕在我们三个中分吃。5. 填light.作动词时表示“点燃；照亮，其过去式和过去分词有两种形式，即：light-lit-lit或light-lighted-lighted。在句中作谓语动词时其两种变化形式都可以。但用过去分词作定语表示“点燃了的时，只能用lighted，不能用lit。如：The lighted stick lit the whole cave. 点燃了的木棒照亮了整个洞穴。【拓展】Light作名词，指“光时不可数，指“
8、灯时可数。作形容词意为“轻的；亮的；颜色淡的，如：light blue淡蓝色。6. 填contributions.contribution为名词“奉献；稿件；捐献物，常见搭配有：make great contributes to为做出巨大的奉献。【拓展】Contribute为动词“奉献；捐助；投稿，contribute to “促进；促成；为作奉献，to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。如：Regular exercise contributes to good health有规律的锻炼有利于健康。He often contributes articles to newspapers or m
9、agazines. 他常给报社或杂志社投稿。7. 填absence. absence为名词“缺席；不在，absence from school 缺课；in the absence of 缺乏；不在时。如：【拓展】absent为形容词，短语be absent from 缺席，不参加。相反词组为be present at出席。如：8. 填attempt.attempt可作名词或动词，表示“企图；努力，make an attempt at doing / to do sth 意图努力做某事；attempt to do sth 试图做某事; an attempted murder 蓄意谋杀。 【辨析】
10、attempt; try 表示“努力；企图时，attempt更为正式，而try口语化，两者主要的区别是： attempt含有“去做自己希望会成功的事，常常包含冒险的意义，而try表示试一试，意图证明或检验某件事，attempt 无此意。在表示致力于某事时，try 并不包含冒险的意思。【稳固自测】 I. 单项选择。1. I feel it _ to be invited to make a speech next week. A. honored B. honorable C. respectable D. respected2. All the students feel _ to be gi
11、ven textbook for free by the government. A. delight B. delightful C. delightfully D. delighted 3. Thirty athletes will _ this game _ only three medals. A. compete in; for B. compete; for C. compete for; in D. compete; in 4. North America is _ from South America by the Panama Canal. A. separating B.
12、separated C. dividing D. divided 5. He first _ a stick and then went into the cave with the _stick. A. lit; lighted B. lighted; lit C. lit; lit D. lighted; lighting 6. If everyone _ to protecting the environment, we will live in a much better world. A. leads B. prefers C. restarts D. contributes7. T
13、he party was dull because of the _ of Li Lei, who was great fun. A. absent B. present C. absence D. presence 8. A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admittedHonor, compete delight； separate contribute attempt, light, , absence, II.
14、根据所给汉语完成以下句子。1. 他第一次尝试参加演讲比赛，就为我校赢得荣誉。 He made the first _ at the speech_ and won _ for our school.2. 使我们快乐的是，他长大了能够分辨是非了。 To our _, he is old enough to _right from wrong.3. 如果每个人都为希望工程做出奉献，那会有更少的孩子辍学。 If everyone _ _ the Project Hope, fewer children will drop out of school.4. 没电时我只好用蜡烛照亮房间。 In the
15、_ of electricity, I have to use a candle to _the room.Key: I. 1-5 BDABA 6-8 DCCII. 1. attempt; competition; honor 2. delight; separate/tell 3. contributes to 4. absence; light单词讲解中(Word Power, Grammar& Task )从以下方框中选择适宜的词完成以下句子，每词限用一次。technique; plenty of; bid; joke; physical; otherwise, origin 1
16、. Rice should be grown in places where there is _ water.2. The whole China got excited when they won the _ for the 29th Olympic Games.3. Follow my advice, _ you will regret.4. The _ of the Yellow River is in the west of China. 5. That water freezes is a _ change.6. I followed him to learn the _ of p
17、ainting.7. Dont take it for serious, he was only _.【答案与讲解】1. 填 plenty of.表示“许多，可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词，但特别注意短语前不能加冠词a，即不能说：a plenty of，另外plenty也不能用复数形式。如：Plenty of vegetables are provided for people every day. 每天向人们供给大量的蔬菜。【拓展】表示“许多时只能修饰可数名词的短语有：a great many; a large number of; many a。通常只修饰不可数名词的有：a great de
18、al of, a large amount of。两者都可修饰的有：a lot of(lots of); a quantity of (quantities of)。2. 填bid. bid作名词时表示“投标；出价，make a bid for 竞标/ 争夺；win the bid for中标。作动词“出价；竞标，bid five dollars for the old book 喊价五美元购置那本旧书；bid against sb for sth与某人竞争某物。过去式或过去分词为bid-bid-bid或bid-bade-bidden。如：Which city will win the bid
19、 for Olympic Games? 哪个城市将获选主办奥运会呢？3. 填otherwise. otherwise作副词表示“否那么，表示以前句为条件下的相反假设，与连词or相当。又如： Put on more clothes before you go out at night, otherwise / or youll catch a cold. 夜间外出时要多穿些衣服，不然你会感冒的。【拓展】作副词“不同地；其它方式地。 We were going to play football, but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise.
20、我们原打算踢足球，可是天很热，我们就决定干别的了。He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy. 他爱吵闹，但在其他方面倒是一个好孩子。4. 填origin. origin为名词“起源；开端；出身；血统， the origins of civilization文明的起源；be of noble origin出身高贵；He is a German by origin.他原籍德国。【拓展】 original为形容词“原来的；原创的；独特的；新颖的， the original writer原创作者；an original idea 独到的见解；This is the o
21、riginal painting, and these others are copies. 这画是原作，其他的是复制品。副词为originally “最初；原先。 originate 为动词“起源；产生。Plays originated in Italy. 戏剧源于意大利。5. 填physical.physical为形容词“物理学的；肉体上的；体格上的。如：a physical change物理变化；physical education 体育缩略形式P.E、have a physical examination 进行体格检查。physics“物理，表示学科名称，该名词作定语时表示“物理的而不
22、是其它门类的。如：a physics teacher book class lab等。6. 填techniques可数名词表示“技术, 技巧, 手法， modern management techniques 现代管理技术； techniques of computer电脑技术；boxing techniques 拳击技巧。【辨析】technique / technology technique指具体的“技能；技巧；手法，多用复数形式。如：techniques of fishing捕鱼技术。而technologies指从大处泛指“工艺、技术, 一般用名词原形。如：science and tec
23、hnology科学与技术；space technology太空技术；industrial / agricultural technology工业/农业技术。7. 填joking.“玩笑；笑话，短语play a joke on sb 跟某人开玩笑；I was only joking. 我只是开玩笑的。 【拓展】joke with sb 与某人开玩笑；no joke不是闹着玩的; practical joke恶作剧; Joking apart撇开玩笑不说。【稳固自测】 I. 单项选择。1. The basketball was so exciting that _ people cheered f
24、or their favorite players. A. a great deal of B. a large number C. many a D. plenty of 2. It was in that their company won the _ for building the stadium. A. bit B. bid C. fit D. tip 3. Lets start out right now, _ well not be able to buy tickets for the concert tonight. A. therefore B. likewise C. h
25、owever D. otherwise4. The _ of this word is unknown, but it is so widely used nowadays. A. origin B. original C. originally D. originate5. The _ teacher is doing a _ experiment in the _ lab. A. physics; physical; physics B. physical; physical; physics C. physical; physics; physics D. physics; physic
26、s; physical6. Mark Twins, a famous writer, was humorous and liked to play _ on others. A. trick B. fun C. laugh D. jokes 7. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer had to teach them _ of football and keep them practicing every day. A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. technologyII
27、. 根据所给汉语完整以下句子。technique; plenty of; otherwise, bid; joke; physical; origin1. 你没有听讲座，要不然你会学到许多技巧的。 He didnt attend the lecture, _ you would have learned _ of _.2. 不要和我开玩笑。你真的竞标购置那辆二手车吗？ Dont _ _ me. Do you really want to make a _ for the second-handed car?3. 木头燃烧是化学变化而不是物理变化。 That wood is burning is
28、 called a _ change, not a _ one.4. 许多美国人是欧洲或非洲血统。 Many Americans are European or African _ _.Key:I. 1-5 DBDAA 6-7 DCII. 1. otherwise; plenty / lots; techniques 2. joke with; bid 3. chemical; physical 4. by origin单词讲解下(Project)根据所给汉语完成以下句子。1. The _(要求) of using my car is that you should have a drivin
29、g license. 2. Keep_ (练习) speaking English, you will surely improve it little by little.3. A lot of police were send to guard the lecture hall to _(确保) peoples safety.4. The doctor told me _(脱去) my trousers so that he could examine my injured leg.5. A lot of old houses will be pulled down _(让位于) a ne
30、w hospital.6. We need a secretary with at least two years of _(先前的) working experience.7. The police have questioned everyone _(涉及) in the case.【答案与讲解】 1. 填requirement. 作名词“要求，其后接表语从句或同位语从句时，从句应用虚拟语气should+do。如：The requirement is that you shouldnt talk or laugh in it. 要求是你不能在里面谈笑。【拓展】require为动词“需要；需
31、求，其后接宾语从句时也应用虚拟语气。此外require后还可接名词、代词、动名词或不定式作宾语。如： The manager required that all the work should be finished before Friday. 经理要求所有的工作都必须在星期五前完成。 This room is too dirty and requires a thorough cleaning. (或to be cleaned thoroughly). 这房间太脏了，需要彻底清扫一下了。2. 填practising. practise为动词时表示“练习；操练;从事，后接名词、代词或动名词作
32、宾语。 She practised doing it every day. 她每天练习做这件事。 My brother has practiced medicine for five years. 我哥哥已行医五年了。【拓展】名词形式为practice“练习；惯常做法。如： As the proverb goes, practice makes perfect. 正如谚语所说的那样，熟能生巧。 That is the common practice in America nowadays. 那是当今美国的通常做法。3. 填ensure.动词意为“确保；保证，其后接名词、代词、双宾语或宾语从句,
33、 不与of连用。ensure ones safety保证某人平安；ensure success 确保成功； ensure sb from/against danger保证某人没有危险。A letter of introduction will ensure you an interview.凭一封介绍信准保会接待你。4. 填to remove.remove作动词“移去；搬迁，remove ones trousers/ shoes/ gloves脱去裤子/鞋子/手套；be removed from school 被勒令退学；remove oneself走开, 离去; remove fr
34、om the table从桌了拿走。如：In cities in China, you have to remove your shoes before you get in someones house. 在中国城市里你进入某人家前必须脱鞋。5. 填to make way for. make way for “为让路；让位于。如：Please make way for the ambulance. 请为救护车让出道来。【拓展】含way的其它短语：push ones way to“挤向；make ones way to表示“艰难地向而去；mend ones way“改正；be on the w
35、ay to doing sth在去做某事的路上；就快做某事了。如： He is on the way to becoming a manager. 他就快当上经理了。6. 填previous. previous为形容词“先前的；早先的；过急的。如：He has had no previous experience of this kind of job. 他从前没有做这种工作的经验。You are a little previous in learning English. 你学英语方面有点过急了。【拓展】previous to“比早；在之前，有before之意。the day previou
36、s to Christmas圣诞节前的一天。如：Previous to their engagement, they had known each other for years. 订婚前他们已认识几年了。7. 填involved. involve为动词“使卷入；使涉及，The work involves a lot of time. 这项工作牵扯许多时间。它常与介词in连用, be involved in“卷入/参加中；专心地(做)，be involved in trouble卷入纠纷。 如：The children who were involved in the school play
37、were all praised by the headmaster. 参加校戏剧排演的学生得到了校长的表扬。He was involved in working out a plan.他专心致志地制订方案。【及时稳固】I. 单项选择。1. The only _for this job is that you should have acquired a college diploma. A. improvement B. requirement C. management D. experiment 2. He _playing the violin before the competiti
38、on, as a result of which he won the first prize. A. practised B. wanted C. decided D. promised3. To _ everyones safety, they considered everything on all sides. A. make sure B. sure of C. ensure of D. ensure4. The doctor had me _ my trousers and examined my wound carefully. A. to remove B. removed C
39、. remove D. removing5. People all stepped backwards to_ the police to enter the hall. A. make way for B. push their way to C. make their way to D. mend their way 6. This accident happened on a day _ to Christmas Eve. A. earlier B. before C. previous D. former7. It is said that more than twenty offic
40、ials are _ in this financial case A. involve B. involved C. involving D. involvement II. 根据汉语完成以下句子。1. 树苗需要悉心保护。 Young trees require _good _ _.2. 他们坚持每天练习以确保表演成功。 They keep _ every day to _ the _ of their performance.3. 请将桌上的书拿走腾出地方放电脑。 Please _ the books on the desk to _ _ _ the computer.4. 她生日前的一天还参加植树了。 _ to her birthday, she was still _ _ planting trees.Key:I. 1-5 BADCA 6-7 CBII. 1. taking; care of 2. practsing; ensure; success 3. remove; make way for 4. Previous; involved in