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1、高三英语Unit 8 Humankind and Nature冀教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 8 Humankind and Nature1. soul C 1灵魂，内心；气魄；2情感；3典范；4某种人There was a feeling of restlessness deep in her soul.她内心深处感到焦躁不安。It was a very polished performance, but it lacked soul.这场演出技艺很精湛，但缺少真挚的情感。He is the soul of discretion.他是谨慎的典范。She is a dear o
2、ld soul. 她是一个可爱的老妇人。2. poison n. 毒药，败坏道德之事，毒害v. 毒害，摧毁，中毒1Someone tried to poison our dog. 有人想毒杀我们的狗。2Gases from cars are poisoning the air of our cities. 汽车放出的废气在污染我们城市的空气。3He tried to kill himself by taking poison. 他曾试图服毒自杀。poisonous a. 有毒的，狠毒的1She gave him a poisonous look. 她恶狠狠地瞪了他一眼。2Some mushro
3、oms are poisonous. 有些蘑菇有毒。3. imagination n. 想象，想象力Examples: These plans reveal a complete failure of imagination. 这些方案显得毫无想象力。imagine v. 想像，梦想，猜想指没有充分证据或单凭某种模糊印象和感觉而设想、推断 image doing 想象做某事/imagine sb. /sth. to be /as 认为怎么样/ imagine + 从句Examples:1I imagined she was quite surprised when she heard the
4、truth. 我想她听说真相后一定很惊讶。2You can imagine how surprised I was. 你可以想象我是多么惊讶。3I imagine him as a big tall man. 我以为他是个高大的人。4Dont imagine yourself to be always correct. 不要以为自己总是对的。imaginary a. 想象的,虚构的All the characters in this book are imaginary. 这本书中的人物都是虚构的。imaginable a. 可想像的，可能的We had the greatest diffic
5、ulty imaginable getting here in time. 我们为了及时赶到此地，经历了可能想见的最大的困难。4. take up 拿起；接着，继续；开始从事，占据1She take up a book. 她拿起一本书。2She took up the narrative where John had left off. 她接着讲约翰未讲完的故事。3This table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方了。4She takes up her duties/responsibilities next week. 她下周开始履行职责。5Ill tak
6、e up this matter. 我来办理这桩事。5. occupation n. 职业；占领；消遣1He returned from Paris and found his office was under someone elses occupation. 他从巴黎回来，发现他的办公室被别人占了。2Riding is her favorite occupation. 骑马是她最喜欢的消遣。3Whats your occupation? Im a dancer. 你的职业是什么？我是跳舞的。注意：occupation是指用以成为某个正常的生活来源的一项活动； profession是指需要大
7、量训练和专门学习的行业。侧重于其专业性trade 一般来说是指需要技巧而非高深学问的职业，可译为“职业、“手艺business表示一个人经常的，且赖以生活的职业，但是侧重于商业方面，尤指银行业、商业、企业等行业中的工作。employment指受雇于他人，领取工资以谋生计，并且是比拟固定的工作。occupy v. 占领，占，住进Examples:1Reading occupies most of my free time. 阅读占去了我大局部的闲暇时间。2The enemy occupied the town. 敌人占据了这个城镇。3Is that seat occupied? 那个座位有人吗？
8、6. stretch n. 伸展，张开，弹性a. 可伸缩的v. 伸展，张开，延伸1I got out of the bed and had a good stretch. 我起床后舒服地伸了个懒腰。2For tracksuits you need material with plenty of stretch. 做田径服需要用弹性强的料子。3The desert stretched away into the distance. 沙漠一直延伸到远方。7. unknown a. 未知的He was an unknown painter one year ago. 一年前，他还是一个不为人知的画家
9、。known a. 的，有名的Your theory doesnt square with the known facts. 你的说法跟的事实不符。be known as 被称为以著称，通称be known for 因而众所周知be known to 为某人所熟知8. growth n. 增长；开展；种植1Childhood is a period of rapid growth. 幼年是生长迅速的时期。2Have an apple of our own growth. 尝尝我们自己种的苹果吧。3Lack of demand will slow down our economic growth
10、. 市场需求低就会拖慢我们的经济增长速度。grow vi. 生长，成长，渐渐变得，增长，增高 vt. 种植，栽培，培育grow into长成，开展而成为；逐渐适应grow up长大；兴起；逐渐形成grow out of 产生自；由而开展或形成：1This district grew cotton on a large scale. 这个地区过去大量种棉花。2She has a hot temper, but you will soon grow to like her. 她脾气躁，但不久你就会喜欢她了。3She is growing into a beautiful young woman.
11、她渐渐出落成美丽的姑娘。4He is growing old. 他渐渐老了。9. security n. 平安n. 保证金,抵押品,债券,证券1All the people who know this secret represent a security risk. 但凡知道这个秘密的人都对平安造成危险。2What I need now is the security of a happy home. 我现在需要的是一个幸福家庭所给予的平安感。3He uses his house as security to borrow the money. 他用房子作借钱的抵押。secure a. 无虑
12、的，安心的，平安的 v. 固定，获得，使平安be secure against from 没有遭受的危险 be secure of 对有把握，确信 feel secure about as to 对觉得放心 secure sth. against from 使某物免遭have ones mind secure 放下心Keep the prisoner secure. 把囚犯牢牢地关起来。1He secured the release of the hostages. 他已经设法使人质获释。2Make the windows secure before leaving the house. 出门
13、之前把窗户关严。3The little boy felt secure near his parents. 那小男孩在父母身边感到安心。10. dedication n. 奉献1His dedication should be learned by all of us. 他的奉献精神值得我们学习。2Served the public with dedication and integrity. 以无私奉献的精神廉正地为民众效劳。dedicate v. 献出，献给Examples:1She dedicated her life to science. 她毕生致力于科学。2She dedicate
14、d her first book to her husband. 她把自己的第一本书献给了丈夫。11. attribute n. 属性，特征 v. 归于+to，属于Examples:1They attribute their success to their teachers encouragement.attribute to = owe to把归功于 2He attributed his good health to exercise.他认为自己之所以身体好是因为运动。3Do you think it proper to attribute weakness to women? 认为是某人
15、所有+to 你觉得把软弱当作女性的属性适当吗? 4That play was wrongly attributed to Bacon. 认为是某人所做H+to 那个剧本被错误地认为是培根的作品。5The sword is an attribute of a fighter. 剑是斗士的象征。6Kindness is one of her attributes.仁慈是她的特性之一。12. deprive v. 剥夺deprive sb. of sthExamples:1What will a student do if he were deprived of his books? 一个学生如果没
16、有了书籍，将怎么办？2The trees outside the windows deprive the house of light. 窗外的树木把房子遮挡得暗然无光。3If you do not drive carefully, I shall be obliged to deprive you of your licence. 如果您不谨慎驾驶，我将不得不没收您的执照。13. crack n. 裂缝，变声v. 翻开，破裂，变声Examples:1Dont pour hot water into the glass or it will crack. 别把热水倒进玻璃杯里，不然它会裂开的。
17、2There is a crack in this window. 这扇窗户上有个裂纹。3I cracked two eggs into the frying pan. 我往平底锅里打了两个鸡蛋。4His voice cracked with emotion. 由于冲动，他的声音变得嘶哑。cracked a. 破碎的，破裂的，声音嘶哑的A cracked bell can never sound well. 【谚】破钟敲不响。14. might as well 还是的好 might as well do 还是做的好；倒不如做might as well do as do 与其倒不如Example
18、s:1In that case, I might as well bring them back with me. 那样的话，我还不如拿回去。2You might as well not know a thing at all as know it only a little. 只知道一点点，不如完全不晓得。3I might as well die as marry him. 我与其嫁给他，倒不如去死算了。4You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to him. 你借他钱不如把钱扔到海里去。5You might as
19、 well tell her the truth. 你倒不如把真相告诉她。15. make a difference /make a big/ a great deal of / a lot of difference有影响，起重要作用1The fact that I can now organize my own time makes a big difference. 现在我能自己安排时间了，这对我有很大的作用。2The sea air has made a difference to her health. 海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。【模拟试题】一、语法和词汇共15小题，每题1分，总
20、分值15分从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。1. In recent years global warming is becoming concern for people all over the world .A. the ; the B. 不填；不填C. 不填;aD. the；不填2. The official ticketing website of the Olympic Games opened on March 8, which _ the ticket prices for each event .A. will list B. is listed C
21、. is listing D. lists 3. She had a tense expression on her face , she was expecting trouble .A. even though B. as though C. so that D. now that 4. This new machine is technically far to the previous type .A. superior B. junior C. senior D. equal 5. When can we go to visit you ? Anytime you feel like
22、 .A. one B. it C. so D. that 6. I have just passed my exam . I feel so relieved now . !A. Cheer up B. How awful C. What a pity D. Well done 7. Premier Wens three-day visit to Japan , as the “ice-melt trip , has a positive effect on Sino-Japanese relationship .A. being intended B. intended C. having
23、intended D. intending 8. Evidence has been piled up drinking water after getting up in the morning contributes to ones health.A. what B. which C. if D. that 9. Look at that old woman ! She is looking around for help . She must be lost .A. socially B. accidentally C. desperately D. absolutely 10. The
24、 latest model of this lap-top, appearance remains unchanged , works much faster than the old one .A. though B. which C. of which D. whose 11. Were you in time for the lecture ? If I told earlier , I would have .A. had been B. was C. were to be D. should be 12. I say youre looking much better thanks
25、to the new treatment .A. must B. can C. shallD. may 13. We are always warned not to act what will happen afterwards .A. in the event of B. as a result of C. regardless of D. in spite of 14. She had no idea how it that her husband met with trouble again .A. came about B. came across C. came out D. ca
26、me up 15. To my surprise, the mayor of the American city is Chinese by .A. nature B. resource C. origin D. source 二、完形填空共20小题；每题1分，总分值20分阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最正确选项。1,3,5A famous scientist was asked why he was able to be so much more creative than the average person . What set him so far
27、 16 from others?He 17 that it all came from an 18 that occurred when he was three. He was trying to 19 a bottle of milk from refrigerator when he lost hold of the bottle , spilling its 20 all over the kitchen floor .Instead of 21 at him , his mother said , “Robert , what a wonderful 22 you have made
28、 ! I have 23 seen such a huge puddle of milk . Since the 24 is done , would you like to get down and play in the milk for a while 25 cleaning it up ?Indeed , he did . “Robert , 26 you make a mess like this, 27 you have to clean it up and restore everything to its 28 order. And then together they cle
29、aned up the spilled milk . His mother then said , “Robert , that is a 29 experiment in how to 30 carry a big milk bottle . Lets go out in the yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can 31 a way to carry a bottle of water without dropping it.The scientist remarked he learned from that mom
30、ent that mistakes were just 32 for learning something new, which is 33 scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment “doesnt work, we usually learn something 34 from it .Wouldnt it be great if all 35 would respond like “Roberts mother?16. A. away B. apart C. above D. ahead 1,3,517. A.
31、 responded B. acknowledgedC. assumed D. compromised 18. A. experiment B. coincidence C. experience D. conflict 19. A. deliver B. return C. move D. remove 20. A. mixtureB. water C. liquids D. contents 21. A. yelling B. comingC. nodding D. laughing 22. A. mistake B. mess C. trick D. treasure 23. A. al
32、ways B. oftenC. rarely D. ever 24. A. damage B. business C. favor D. harm 25. A. before B. after C. with D. without 26. A. whatever B. however C. wherever D. whenever 27. A. especiallyB. eventuallyC. respectively D. immediately 28. A. opposite B. particular C. proper D. natural 29. A. failed B. forb
33、idden C. demanded D. deserved 30. A. absolutely B. comfortably C. confidentiallyD. effectively 31. A. develop B. grasp C. invent D. discover 32. A. options B. opportunities C. qualities D. procedures 33. A. that B. where C. what D. which 34. A. available B. valuable C. practical D. accessible 35. A.
34、 managers B. directors C. parents D. relatives 三、阅读理解共20小题，每题2分，总分值40分阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHarvard University named historian Drew Gilpin Faust as its first female president on Sunday , ending a lengthy and secretive search to find a successor to Lawrence Summers .The seven
35、-member Harvard Corporation elected Faust , a noted scholar on History of the American South and dean of Harvards Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study , as the universitys 28th president .“This is a great day , and a historic day , for Harvard , James R. Houghton , chairman of the presidential sea
36、rch committee , said in a statement . “Drew Faust is an inspiring and accomplished leader , a superb scholar , a dedicated teacher , and a wonderful human being .Her selection is noteworthy given the heated debates over Summers comments that genetic differences between the sexes might help explain t
37、he lack of women in top science jobs .Faust has been dean of Radcliffe since , two years after the former womens college was combined into the university as a research center with a mission to study gender issues .Some professors have quietly groused that the 371-year-old university is appointing a
38、fifth president who is not a scientist . No scientist has had the top job since James Bryant Conant retired in 1953; its last four have come from the fields of classics , law literature and economics .1,3,5Faust it the first Harvard president who did not receive a degree from the university since Ch
39、arles Chauncy , a graduate of Cambridge University , who died in office in 1762. She attended the University of Pennsylvania . “Teaching staff turned to her constantly , said Sheldon Hackney , a former president of the University of Pennsylvania and historian who worked closely with Faust. “Shes ver
40、y clear. She has a sense of humor , but shes very strong-minded . You come to trust in her because shes so solid. 36. Which might be the best title for the passage ? A. Harvard named its 1st female president B. History of Harvard University changed C. Debates on female equality ended D. Drew Gilpin
41、Faust , a famous woman historian 37. Which is NOT true about Drew Gilpin Faust ?A. She is the 28th president of Harvard University .B. She is a famous scholar from the American South .C. She isnt a graduate from Harvard University .D. She was head of Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study .38. Lawre
42、nce Summers held the view that .A. women cannot achieve as much as men in management B. women cannot hold important positions in society C. women can match men in science jobs D. few women make top scientists owing to genes 39. The underlined word “groused in the 6th paragraph means . A. approved B.
43、 commented C. complained D. indicated 40. This passage probably appears in a .A. biography B. personal letter C. research paper D. newspaper report BRoom for Revolution : George Washington and His Philadelphia Friends March 16, -August 30, Charles Willson Peales George Washington at Princeton is on
44、view at the Museum which was lent from a private collection . This visually striking and finely made life-size portrait 肖像 records Washingtons 6-foot-2-inch figure in a pose highlighting strength , composure , and elegance .It is put up in a room neighboring to the Powel House parlor , a period room
45、 from one of Philadelphias greatest eighteenth-century private homes, where Washington was frequently entertained by his friends , Samuel and Elizabeth Powel. Both spaces contain important examples of furniture by Philadelphias finest craftsmen, such as Thomas Afflect and John Aitken . Among these is a side chair specially ordered by the Washingtons when living in Philadelphia .Painted in Philadelphia in 1779, Peales painting was immediately sent to Europe to promote Washingtons reputation as a lea