科普版小学五年级英语知识汇总.pdf

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1、科普版小学五年级英语知识汇总2 作者:日期:3 小学五年级英语语法知识总结一、词类:1、名词这里强调两点:不可数名 词都默认为单数,所以 总是用 is 名词复数如何加后 缀:各种不同情况变化方法例词一般情况直接加 -s book-books bag-bags cat-cats bed-beds 以 s. x. sh. ch结尾加-es bus-buses box-boxes brush-brushes watch-watches peach peaches glass-glasses 以“ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾变 y 为 i, 再加-es family-families study-stud

2、ies 以“f或 fe ” 结尾变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es knife-knives 不规则名词复数man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice foot-feet child-children fish-fish Chinese-Chinese 4 2、人称代 词和物主代 词人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性形容词性第一人称I(我)me we (我们)us my (我的)our (我们的)第二人称you(你) you you (你们)you your (你

3、的)your (你们的)第三人称he(他)him they (他/她/它们)them his(他的)their (他/她/ 它们的)she(她)her her (她的)it(它)it it(它的)人称代 词:有主格和 宾格之分。一般动词前用主格, 动词后用宾格。3、指示代 词指近处指远处单数this ( 这个)that ( 那个)复数these ( 这些)those ( 那些)4、冠词5 有 a、an、the 。a 和 an 的区别: an 用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母a、e、i、o、u)前, a 用于辅音音素前。一般现在时1、定义:表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有 usuall

4、y ,often ,every day ,sometimes,always ,at weekends,on Sundays等表示 经常性时间的短语。2、构成: 1)当谓语是 be 动词时,一般 现在时的构成: 主语be 动词其他如:I am a student. He is Jim s father . They are from Japan. 2)当谓语是行为动词时,一般现在时的构成:主语(非第三人称 单数)动词原形其他如:I often watch TV at the weekends. Mr Green and Mrs Green like collecting stamps. 主语(第

5、三人称 单数)动词的第三人称 单数形式其他如:Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays. She sometimes goes to the park with her mother. 3、动词三单形式的变化规则: 一般情况下,直接加s 如:read-reads,swim-swims 以 s,x ,sh ,ch,o 结尾,加 es 如:wash-washes,watch-watches,do-does 以辅音字母 y 结尾,变 y 为 i,再加 es 如:study-studies,fly-flies 不规则变 化 如:have-has 4、

6、一般 现在时的句型转换:肯定句否定句一般疑 问句及回答They watch TV They dont watch TV Do they watch TV every day? 6 every day. every day. Yes, they do . / No, they dont. She watches TV every day. She doesn t watchTV every day. Does she watch TV every day? Yes, she does . / No, she doesn t. 现在进行时1、定义:表示现在或现阶段正在 进行或发生的动作。句中常有

7、now ,look ,listen 等词。如:I am washing clothes now. Look! Liu T ao is climbing the tree. Listen! Jane is singing in the music room. 2、构成: be 动词(am/is/are)+ 动词现 在分词(V-ing )3、动词现在分词构成: 一般是在 动词原形后加 ing 如:read-reading,drink-drinking,eat-eating,look-looking 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词,去掉 e,再加 ing 如:write-writing,make-mak

8、ing,ride-riding,take-taking 以重读闭音节结尾,如末尾只有一个 辅音字母,要双写 这个字母,再加 ing 如 : sit-sitting, swim-swimming, put-putting, run-running,stop-stopping, get-getting,begin-beginning,jog-jogging,forget-forgetting 4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词,它既有名 词性质(可作主 语) ,又有动词性质(可带宾语 ) 。如:Asking the wayMy hobby is collecting stamps. 7 He is

9、good at skating. 5、现在进行时的句型转换:肯定句否定句一般疑 问句及回答He is runningnow. He isn t runningnow. Is he running now? Yes, he is . / No, he isn t. They are makinga puppet. They aren t makinga puppet. Are they making a puppet? Yes, they are . / No, they aren t. 句法1、陈述句说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本 结构:主 语谓语其他1)肯定陈述句We all like

10、 pandas very much. 2)否定陈述句He doesn t do housework at weekends2、疑问句用来提出 问题,询问情况的句子,末尾用 问号。1)一般疑问句:一般疑 问句常用来 询问一件事是否属 实,通常以 be 动词,助动词或情态动词 开头,用 yes 或 no 来回答,因此又叫是非疑问句,通常 读升调。Is Mr Green from the UK? Yes,he is. / No,he isnt.Do you have any hobbies? Yes,I do. / No,I dont.Can you play the guitar? Yes,I c

11、an. / No,I cant.2)特殊疑问句:以特殊疑 问词引导,要求回答具体 问题,不能用 yes 或 no 来回答。8 How do you go to work every day? I go to work by car. 常用疑问词:疑问词意思用法What time 什么时间问具体时间,如几点钟Who 谁问人Whose 谁的问主人Where 在哪里问地点What 什么问东西、事物What colour 什么颜色问颜色How old 多大年纪问年纪How many 多少数量(可数名词)问数量How much 多少钱;多少数量(不可数名词)问多少钱或数量(不可数)3)选择疑问句:提供两

12、种或两种以上情况,让对方选择,往往用 or 连接。Would you like some tea or coffee? Some coffee, please. 3、祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不做某事。1)用于 第二人称 ,通常省略 you 。肯定祈使句: Open the door, please. 否定祈使句:Dont be late again.2)用于 第一人称 和第三人称 ,通常以 let (let 后跟宾格)或 shall 开头。9 Let me have a look. Let s play a game now. Let him go home now.Shall we

13、meet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre? 4、感叹句表达喜怒哀 乐等强烈感情,句尾常用感叹号(!) ,语气用降调。1)what + 名词或名词性短语What a big garden (it is)! What an interesting storybook (it is) ! What lovely weather (it is)! What pretty girls (they are)! 2)how +形容词或副词主语动词How nice! How beautiful the flowers are! How tall Yao

14、 Ming is! 句式变换:陈述句变一般疑 问句1、人称变化:句首 I 变 you ,you 变 I,句中 my 变 your ,your 变 my , me 变you ,you 变 me 。be 动词跟着人称 变。2、有 be,be 提前;有情,情提前;无be 无情,do、does 放句首 ,其他动词统统用原形。I am a pupil. Are you a pupil?Eve is washing clothes. Is Eve washing clothes?They are in the playground. Are they in the playground?I can swi

15、m. Can you swim?10 I can help you. Can you help me.He has a long ruler. Does he have a long ruler? 对划线部分提问注意:人称 变化同陈述句变一般疑 问句的规则 一样,划线部分在提 问时坚 决不能再用到,打死也不能用。1、对现在分词进行提问,套用“ What+be+主语+doing ?”I am doing my homework. What are you doing?(有人称的 变化)2、对现在分词后面部分提 问,套用“ What+be+主语+ 现在分词?”Eve is drawing a li

16、ttle girl. What is Eve drawing?3、对地点方位 进行提问,套用“ Where+be+主语+ 其他”I am here. Where are you?The boys in my class are in the playground. Where are the boys in your class?(有其他成分,有人称的变化)4、对人物提 问,只把划 线部分改成 Who. 肯定句变否定句人称不用 变,and 变成 or ,some 变 any ,有 be,be not ;有情,情 not ;无 be 无情,主 语后面放上 dont ,doesn t ,其他动词统

17、统 用原形。It s a computer . It isnt a computer. (be not)He can read and write. He can t read or write.(情not ,and 变成 or) Ted has some cakes. Ted doesn t have any cakes.(Ted 后面放上 doesn t ,has 变原形, some 变 any )同音词11 right-write to-too-two no-know by-bye-buy there-their for-four son-sun see-sea-c eye-I our-hour where-wear meet-meat be-bee hi-high deer-dear are-r you-u why-y 反义词long-short tall-short big-small new-old right-left outside-inside fast-slow there-here this-that right-wrong good-bad white-black come-go up-down day-night in-out open-close stand-sit

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