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1、初中英语语法列表动词不定式（二）不定式的特殊句型tooto1) tooto 太以至于He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?- Well, Im afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为不太。Its never too late to mend.(谚语)改
2、过不嫌晚。3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常 等于very。Im only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。 不定式的特殊句型so as to1) 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。Go in quietly so as not to wake
3、the baby. 轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。2) so kind as to -劳驾Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾，现在几点了。不定式的特殊句型Why notWhy not +动词原形表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不? 干吗不?例如：Why not take a holiday?干吗不去度假?不定式的时态和语态时态语态主动被动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doing1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的
4、动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again.我希望再见到你。2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。He seems to be eating something.4) 完成进行时：She
5、is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.动名词与不定式1) 动名词与不定式的区别：动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的2) 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。 3) 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：stop to dostop doingforget to doforget doingremember to doremember doingcease to docease doingtry to dotry doinggo on to
6、dogo on doingafraid to do afraid doinginterested to dointerested doingmean to domean doingregret to doregret doingbegin/start to dobegin/start doing特殊词精讲stop doing/to dostop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。They stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。典型例题She reached the
7、 top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have restedB. resting C. to restD. rest答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。stop doing/to doforget doing/to doforget to do忘记要去做某事。(未做)forget doing忘记做过某事。(已做)The lig
8、ht in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)Dont forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做)典型例题- The light in the office is still on.- Oh, I forgot_.A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. h
9、aving turned it off答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。try doing/to dotry to do努力，企图做某事。try doing 试验，试着做某事。You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didnt succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。go on doing/to dogo on to do
10、做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doing 继续做原来做的事。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习be afraid doing/to dobe afraid to do不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为怕；be afraid of doing担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造
11、成的，意为生怕，恐怕。She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. 她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。be interested doing/to dointerested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣，
12、doing 通常为想法。I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。 (想了解)Im interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that? 我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? (一种想法)mean to doing/to domean to do 打算、想mean doing意味着I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。To raise wage
13、means increasing purchasing power. 赠加工资意味着增加购买力。begin(start) doing/to dobegin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth.1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？2) begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to doI was beginning to get angry.我开始生起气来。3) 在attempt,
14、 intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。I begin to understand the truth.我开始明白真相。4) 物作主语时It began to melt.感官动词 + doing/to do感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yester
15、day.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调我看见了这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday. (强调我见他正干活这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。典型例题1) They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood.A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow答案：A. 因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth.的句型。2) The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.A. playing B. to be playingC. playD. to play答案：A. 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型。