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1、非谓语动词不定式不7E式动名词分词现在分词、过去分词他们的功能特别强大,在句中除了不能独立当谓语之外,可充当句子的任何成份.因此得名:“非谓语动词.不定式的根本结构肯定：to+动词原形否认：not+to+动词原形The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.新技术的目的是使生活变得简单,不是变得复杂.不定式可以直接作主语,比方：To talk with you is a pleasure.和你谈话很愉快. 注意,不定式作主语,谓语动词用单数形式.但是它也可以用另外一种形
2、式表达,假设作主语的不定式较长时,常用 it代替不定式作形式主语,使句子结构平衡.it本身并没有实际意义.1.to give up a bad habit.A.Bob is difficult B.It is not difficult for me C.John it is easy D.It impossibleTo talk with you is a pleasure.换成由 it 作形式主语的句子.It is a pleasure to talk with you.在“It is+不定式结构中,可以用for sb.或者of sb.来强调不定式动作的发出者.It is*形容同+不定式+
3、for sb.of sb.在It is +形容词+for/of sb.+不定式结构中,如果 for/of sb.中的sb.是形容词的逻辑主语, 那么用介词of,如果不是,就用介词 for.1.1 t is very hard two foreign languages.A.for you to study B.of you to study C.of your studying D.for your studying例：Its very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我,真是太好了.我们可以说You are nice.也就是说形容词nice的逻辑主语是you.而 It
4、is very hard to study two foreign languages.好似不能说 You are hard.你很难,而是学习两 门外语很难.hard的逻辑主语不是you,而是不定式.在It is +形容词+for/of sb.+不定式结构中,如果 for/of sb.中的sb.是形容词的逻辑主语, 那么用介词of,如果不是,就用介词for.他们太笨了,那“他们就是 foolish的逻辑主语了,用介词 of.It is foolish of them to make such a mistake.不定式可以在句中作宾语,它常跟在某些及物动词的后面.3 .We agreed he
5、re,but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met这道题正说明了不定式可以在句中作宾语,它常跟在某些及物动词的后面.like 喜欢want,患要+ to do sth.try 罢试 expect 二 不定式在句中可以作宾语补足语.4 .Father will not allow us on the street.A.from playing B.to play C.playd D.play此题中allow sb. to do sth.中的不定式可不是作宾语,宾语是 sb.是对宾
6、语的补充说明,所以叫宾语补足语,不定式在句中可以作宾语补足语.而且也是在某些特定的动词后面可以用不定式作宾补.类似allow sb. to do sth.结构的动词有:farce tell + sb. to do sth,ask advise 不定式作主语时,我们可以用it代替它,作形式主语,那作宾语时有没有这样的用法呢我们也可以用it代替不定式作形式宾语,如1.1 think it a good habit early in the morning.A.to get up B.got up C.getting up D.to getting up it作形式宾语,把不定式后置.在实际意义上,
7、我认为I think显然是主谓语,而早上早起 to get up early in the morning 是宾语.可是这个不定式作宾语并不是句子的全部,不定式还带有自己的成分,对它本身进行补充说明,也a good habit这局部,在这种情况下,我们常用it作形式宾语,把不定式后置.it是形式宾语,而不定式是真正的宾语.在这个it作形式宾语的句了中,a good habit就是宾语补足语.主谓+ it +n./adj. + 不定式我认为在一天之内完成这么多的作业是不可能的.I think itimpossible to finish so much homework in a day.6 .
8、Please show us.A.how to do that B.how that be done C.how to be done that D.how to be done在某些动词后面常跟一个带疑问词的不定式作宾语或宾语补足语.show是谓语,us是宾语,不定式结构当然是宾语补足语了.There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant decide which to buy.which to buy 作 decide 的宾语疑问词加不定式可以作宾语补足语,这两种情况比拟常见.eg:When to turn the
9、corner is a difficult problem.Another problem is where to stop the car请告诉我为什么要这么做Please tell me why to do it.错我们所说的疑问词包括how, what ,when ,where ,whether和which等,但是没有 whyplease tell me why I should do it.不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词的后面.如果还有其它的后置定语,不定式要放在最后.eg: I have a lot of work to doDo you have anything new to
10、tell us ? 这里 new 放在 anything 之后 ,不定式只有放在最后 了,也修饰 anything.7 .Please give me some paper to.A. write B. be written C. wrote D.write on虽然是不定式作定语,但当不定式作定语时,有时需要在动词后面放上一个适当的介词,当不定式是不及物动词时,或者所修饰词是不定式动作发生的地点或使用的工具时.please give me some paper to write on.eg: There is no chair to sit onI have no pen to write
11、with这些介词都不可以省略.但是如果所修饰的词是place,time,way时,不定式后的介词也可以省略.He has no place to live(in).他没地方住.This is the best way to travel(by).这是最好的旅行方式.另外,不定式还可以在句中作状语,比方它可以作目的状语：I opened the window to let some fresh air in.我把窗户翻开好让新鲜空气进来.8 .Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job.A.so not as to B.so as not to
12、C.in order to not D.not in order to在作目的状语的不定式前加上in order或so as,可以增强语气.他们的区别是in order to可以放在句首,so as to 不能放在句首.再比方：In order to catch the train, she hurried through her work.为了赶火车,她匆匆做完了她的工作.在这个句了里,为了强调目的状语,in order to被放在了句首,这时候它就不能用so as to来代替了.另外不定式还可以作其他形式的状语.9 .We hurried to get to the railway sta
13、tion that the train had left.A.to find B.in order to find C.only to find Dso as to find不定式常和only,never连用,作结果状语,表示失望或意外的情绪.如果选A.B,D都是说我们匆忙赶到火车站,为了发现火车开了,好似不通呀,应该说“结 果却发现火车开了才合逻辑呀.不定式作结果状语还可以用too to这种形式.比方：She is too young to go to school.她太小了,不能上学.不定式也常常在句中作表语,比方： My dream is to be football player.下面
14、我们继续学习关于不定式的一个重要局部,是一些省略不定式符号to或者省略不定式动词的情况.10 .Paul doesnt have to be made.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning不定式在感官动词和使役动t后作宾补时,要省略to,但在变为被动语态时不可以省略to.比方：The workers were made to work day and night.工人们被迫日日夜夜干活.11 .Tom did nothing but back what he had said.A.taken B.took C.
15、taking D.take.当介词but,except,beside前面有一个实义动词do或do的其他形式时,其后的不定式要省略to.只要有do就省略to.介词后面常常跟不定式,如：那个迷路的孩子想回家.我们可以说：The lost child desired nothing but to go home.除了看电视,你还想做什么What would you likd to do besides watch TV?另外还有一种情况,就是当不定式在系动词be后作表语时,如果主语局部有实义动词do,不定式中的to也可以省略.刚刚是介词前面有do省略to,现在是主语有do省略表语的to.The on
16、ly thing I could do was obey his order.我唯一能做的就是听从他的命令.还有一种情况也很常见,当两个不定式并列时,尤其是它们用 and或or连接时,第二不定 式中的to可以省略.I promise to finish my homework and hand it in on time.我保证完成作业并按时交上.后半句to hand it in就是省略了 to的用法.也就是三种情况下要省略to,第一是在使役动词和感官动词后,第二是有do省略to,第三就是用and,or连接省略后to.不过在另外一些情况下,我们也会保存不定式符号to.而省略后面的动词.如：12
17、 .Does your brother intend to study German?-Yes, he intends.A./ B.to do C.to D.so作宾语的不定式第二次出现时,为防止重复,不定式动词往往要省略,只保存不定式符号to.如：如果你想去那儿,你可以再去一次.You can go there again if you want to go there.不对应该是 You can go there again if you want to.同样为防止重复,在have to不得不,be able to能够,be going to将要等之后的不定式动词也可以省略,只保存 to.
18、I don want to go there,but I have to.如用be able to说一个句子,如：I planed to go ther,but I wasn t able to.我方案去那儿,但却 没有去成.下面我们来学习不定式的时态的语态.刚刚我们说的都是不定式的一般式,不定式一般式表示的动作与句子谓语表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生.不定式的时态：一般式、进行式、完成式13 .Robert is said abroad,but Idont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be
19、 studying D.to have been studying据说罗伯特出国学习过,但我不知道他在哪个国家学习的.要判断不定式的时态,就要把不定式动词发生的时间和谓语动词的发生时间做比拟,看哪个发生在前.如果要表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前就应该用不定式的完成式,强调动作的完成或结果.也就是 to have done的形式.刃 B这道题就应该是 Robert is said to have studied abroad 可是如果要表示不定式的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,并强调动作的进行,就要用不定式的进行时,to be doing这种形式.The boy seems to be
20、sleeping.这男孩好似正在睡觉.是的,不定式除了有时态的变化,还有语态的变化,也就是说还有不定式的被动语态.当不定式动作的逻辑主语是这个动作的承受者时,不定式一般要被动式.14 .He spoke in such a high voice at the farther end of the room.A.as to be heard B.to be heard C.as to hear D.to hear像这道题里他说话大声是为了让别人在远处听到他的声音,听到这个动作就应该是被动的.不定式的被动形式 to be doneIt is an honour for me to be invit
21、ed to attend the meeting.我很荣幸能够被邀请参力口这个会议.可是在一些情况下,时态和语态交错运用,比方可以构成不定式的完成被动形式这样的情况,别看名字复杂,其实道理不是刚刚那些.据说这事昨天就有人做了.可以先分析时态和语态的关系吧.It is said to have been done yesterday.It is very kind of you to help me . My pleasure.趣味练习：1, My parents often tell me fish that isn t fresh.A.not eat B.to not eat C.not e
22、ating D.not to eat2, We found important to study English well.A.that B.this C.it D.the3, Last summer I took a course on.A.how to make dresses B.how dresses be madeC.how to be made dresses D.how dresses to be made4, Peter doesnt know to stay or not.A.whether B.if C.which D.what5, -The housework is to
23、o much for me,Jack.-Sorry,but I can t help it,Joan.Ive got something important,you know.A.do B.doing C.to do D.having done不定式作 something的定语.6, He advised but I didn ;t listen to him.A.me going B.my going C.for me to go D.me to go7, It was foolish you to give up what you rightly owned.A.for B.of C.ab
24、out D.from8, The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to.A.sit B.sit on C.be sat D.be sat onsit是不及物动词,此处需要加上介词on构成不定式短语.9, I remember the light when I left last night .A. turning offB. turn off C. have turned off D. to turn offremember doing 表示 “做过的事情“,remmber to do 表示 “未做的事情10
25、, Have you settled for your holidays?A.to go where B.going where C.where going D.where to gowhere to go意为去何地,它的作用相当于一个名词性从句,在本句中作settle的宾语.11, I regret your advicee,or I would have succeeded.A.not to take B.not take C.not taking D.not taken12, I don think possible to master a foreign language withou
26、t much memory work.A.this B.that C.its D.it13, She reached the top lf the hill and stopped on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest14, He finished his homework and then went on me.A.helping B.with help C.with helping D.to help15, -She seems already.Yes,she.A.
27、 to have got well,does B.to get well,has C.to have got well ,has D.to get well,does 16, Mr.White earns little but he has a large family.A.support B.supporting C.to be supported D. to support17, It was very clever in the young lady s room.A . for Holmes to stay B. Holmes staying C. of Holmes to stay
28、D. of Holmes staying 18.He could do nothing but for the bus.A. want ,to come B. wait , come C. waiting ,coming D. waited ,came19 .He went there in a hurry only that everybody had leftA. finding B. to find C. having found D. to have found20 .This novel is said last year.A. to have been published B. t
29、o be publicshedC.to have published D.having been publicshed21 .Zhou Lan doesnt have to be made.She always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned22.1 d like to buy an expensive sports car. Well, sir. Weve got several models.A. to be chosen from B. to choose c. to choose from D. for ch
30、oosing23.Will you have anybody the flowers ?-Yes, I will have the flowers.A. plant , planted B. to plant , planted C. plant , to be planted D. to plant ,plant24.1 f you want to improve your English, you must try English everyday.A. spoken, to practices speaking B. spoken , practicing speakingC.speak
31、ing, to practice to speak D.spoken, to practice to speak1.1 I am sorry you about in the other day.A. telling B. no having told C. to not have toldD. not to have told26 .Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job.A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to27 . I have a lot of
32、letters.A. deal with B. to deal C. to be dealt D. to deal with28 . They wouldnt allow him across the river .A .to risk swimming B. risking to swim C. for risk to swim D. risk swimming.29 .He has no choice but his home town .A. leave B. left C. leave from D. to leave30 .She appeared what had been sai
33、d.A. not to have heard B. to have not heard C. not have heard D. not to have been hearing不定式的用法和形式g功词小定式用法作主海、表港、宾百、定语和状港it作形式宾语,把不定式后置make let see watch hear have feel等动词之后的动词不定 式不带to,但以上动词用于被动语态,其后动词不定式 须带to.动词不定式的否认形式是在动词不定式符号to前加not形式一殷式to do完成式 to have done进行式 to be doirg时态偌态主动被动一般式to doto be d
34、one完成式to have doneto have been doneadviseagreearrangeaskbeginchoosecontinuedaredecidedeterminediscussexpectfailforgethappenhatehelphopeintendlearnlikemanagemeanneedofferpreferpreparepretendpromiserefuseshowstartteachtelltrywantwish-1用不定式作宾语补尽语的动词表回adviseallowaskbegcommandcauseexpectencourageforceget
35、hateintendinviteinstructlikeorderobligepreferpersuadepermitpressrequesttaiwantwishremindwarn1-5 BACBA 6-10ADBCB 11-14DCAA趣味练习1-5 DCAAC 6-10 DBBAD 11-15 CDCDC16-20 DCABA 21-25 BCAAD 26-30 BDADA趣味练习11 .对过去的事情表示懊悔用doing的形式.A错.regret后接不定式,表示“遗憾做某事不合题意.12 .D.it在这里是形式宾语,句了的宾语是后面的不定式.13 .C stop+不定式表示“停下来正在
36、做的事开始做另一件事.14 .D go on+不定式表示“继续做另一件事.A错.go on+doing表示“继续做同一件事,用在这里不合题意15 .C. already说明不定戒的动作已经发生过,所以第一个空应该用不定式的完成式,第二 个空相应地也要用完成时.A.错.第二个空白处的错,应该用完成时态.16 .D.不定式作定语置于所修饰的名词后面.18A19B固定搭配,only to .意为“不料意会.,没想到22.several models,是选择的范围,此处必须有介词from ,表示“从中选择23.A 第一空白处为 have sb. do,第二空白处为 have sth. done结构.2
37、4.spoken English 为口语,try to do sth 意为“努力做某事practice doing sth.“意为做某事practice doing sth 意为练习做某事spoken English 为口语25不定式在这里作原因状语.28allow sb .to do sth.同意某人做某事,risk doing sth.意为“冒险做某事1. Don t forget the letter.A. to sendB. sendC. sendingD. being sent2. The chair looks very old , but in fact it is very c
38、omfortable toA. sitB. sit onC. be satD. be sat on3. Is necessary to return the book tomorrow ?A. thisB. thatC. itD. which4. I m afraid they would not allow him here.A. to smokeB. smokingC. smokesD. smoke5. Mother told me the water before I drank it.A. boilingB. boiledC. boilD. to boil6. On my way ho
39、me , I stopped some food.A. buyB. to buy C. buying D. bought7. John was made the car for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. washD. to be washing8. The sitting-room needs, but it ll have to wait until Saturday.A. be cleaning B. to be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned9. The first thing I
40、want to do is.A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him10. Li Yang advised me too much , otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drink B. to drink C. not drinking D. drinking参考答案1. A.forget to do sth .忘记去做某事.forget doing sth . 忘记做过某事.2. B.sit on the chair,其中 on 不能少.3. C.it为形
41、式主语.4. A.allow sb to do5. D.tell sb , to do6. B.stop to do 停下去做另一件事.stop doing停止做某事.7. A.make sb do 在被动语态中为 be made todo .8. B. need to be done 与 need doing 皆为需要被做之意.9. B.不定式结构作表语.10. A.不定式的否认式：advise sb not to do动词不定式是一种非谓语动词的形式.它由to +动词原形构成,在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分.1 .动词不定式作主语:To teach En
42、glish is my favorite.教英语是我的爱好.2 .动词不定式作宾语：某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,这些动词有 decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.What I wish is to learn English well.我所希望的是把英语学好.3 .动词不定式作宾语补语：We expect you to be with us.我们希望你和我们在一起.4 .动词不定式作表语：What I should do is to finish the task soon.我应该做的是赶紧完成
43、任务.5 .动词不定式作定语：There are many ways to solve the problem.有许多方法能解决这个问题.6 .不定式作状语：We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我们去医院看了我们的老师.动词不定式的否认形式：not + to +动词原形Its unfair not to tell us.没告诉我们真是不公平.疑问词 who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面,构成不定式短语,使含义更加具体.Where to go is not known yet. 去什么地
44、方还不知道.I dont know when to begin.我不知道什么时间开始.动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语,构成方法是：for +逻辑主语+不定式.注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式,for本身无实际意义,它只说明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语.Its necessary for us to help each other.我们互相帮助是必要的.动词不定式的时态：动词不定式一般时：表示动作和句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或之后发生.I want to see you again. 我想再见至U你.Would you like to have a rest? 你愿意休息一下吗动词不定式完成时
45、：表示动作在句中谓语动词的动作之前发生.They seems to have known the answers.他们好似知道了 答案.动词不定式进行时：表示动作同句中谓语动词的动作同时发生, 强调动作正在进行.They seem to be working hard. 他们好似在努力工作.动词不定式的被动形式：表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系He is the man to be examined. 他是受检查的人.非谓语动词讲解及练习：动词不定式(The Infinitive)动词不定式(The Infinitive)动词不定式：(to) + do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征.一、
46、不定式的形式：主动被动一般式 to do to be done进行式 to be doing /完成式 to have done to have been done完成进行式 to have been doing /否认式： not /never + (to) do二、不定式的句法功能：1 .作主语：eg.)To make a speech here is an honor.To lose heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用形式主语 it作形式主语,如上两句可用如下形式:It is an honor to make a speech here.It means failure to lose heart.常用结构：It+be+ adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth.It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb. be + adj. + to do sth.(常见形容词 :clever, silly, f