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1、American Literature,ByLuo Yong,Literature,What is literature?Literature has been the high skills of writing with imagination since the 19th century.Forms/genres of literature: Fiction Poetry Drama Essay,Major Literary Schools,I. Classicism and neoclassicismAdvocation of rationalism (Reason should be
2、 above everything else.) Samuel Johnson, Alexander PopeII. RomanticismOpposition to neoclassicismEmphasis on emotion, imagination and intuition. William Wordsworth, Shelley, Byron,III. RealismFocus on common lives of the average peopleunromantic observation of human experiences.Dickens, Bronte, Aust
3、enIV. ModernismSynonym of revolution against traditional art.Emphasis on instinct and subconsciousness.Yeats,The Spirit of American Literature,Compared with the spirit of Chinese literature ConfucianismModerate To attack human pride, avoid extremes and keep human desires within appropriate reason an
4、d order.(the thread throughout American literature) Individualism Personal abilityHard work leads to success.,Introduction,American literature may be the youngest national literature in the world. Its real history, if calculating from the end of the revolutionary war, is only about 200 years or more
5、. Within such a short period, American literature swiftly developed, began to receive international recognition, and has had a great effect upon world literature.,I. Literature of the Colonial Period (16071776)II. Literature of Reason and Revolution (17761820)III. Romanticism (18201860)IV. Rise of R
6、ealism (18601914)V. Modern Period (1914),I. Literature of the Colonial Period (1607-1776),I. Historical BackgroundSettlementPuritanismIndividualism and American Dream,II. Features of LiteratureThe first American literature was neither American nor real literature. Types of Writing Diary, history, jo
7、urnal, letter,II. Literature of Reason and Revolution(1776- 1820),Revolution for Independence (1776-1783)The Thought of Enlightenment rational idea inspiring works essaysWriters T. Paine, T. Jefferson, B. Franklin,P. Freneau The Poet of American Revolution The Father of American Poetry the forerunne
8、r of American romanticism The Wild Honey Suckle,III. Romanticism (1820-1860),Romanticism- the revival of romanceSection I Early Romanticismi. W. Irving the father of American literatureii. J.F. Cooperiii. W.C. Bryant To A Waterfowl,Section II. Summit of RomanticismAmerican TranscendentalismFocus on
9、intuition and oversouli. R. W. Emersonii. H. D. Thoreau,Section III. Late Romanticismi. N. Hawthorne The Scarlet Letterii. H. Melville Moby Dickiii. E. A. Poe Annabel Leeiv. H. W. Longfellow A Psalm of Life, Song of Hiawathav. W. Whitman The Leaves of Grassvi. E. Dickinson,Form of PoemsI. rhymed ver
10、se rhyme in vowelsII. free verse poetry that lacks a regular meter, does not rhyme, and uses irregular line lengths. Writers of free verse disregard traditional poetic conventions of rhyme, relying on parallelism, repetition, and stresses of everyday discourse.,Brown Penny (Yeats)I whispered, I am t
11、oo young,And then, I am old enough;Wherefore I threw a pennyTo find out if I might love.Go and love, go and love, young man,If the lady be young and fair.Ah, penny, brown penny, brown penny,I am looped in the loops of her hair.,All Day I Hear (Joyce)All day I hear the noise of waters Making moan,Sad
12、 as the sea-bird is, when going Forth aloneHe hears the winds cry to the waters MonotoneThe gray winds, the cold winds are blowing Where I go.I hear the noise of many waters Far below.All day, all night, I hear them flowing To and fro.,O Captain! My Captain! (Walt Whitman)O CAPTAIN! my Captain! our
13、fearful trip is done, The ship has weatherd every rack, the prize we sought is won, The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring; But O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red, Where on the deck my Captain lies, F
14、allen cold and dead. O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells; Rise upfor you the flag is flungfor you the bugle trills,For you bouquets and ribbond wreathsfor you the shores a-crowding, For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning; Here Captain! dear father! This arm bene
15、ath your head! It is some dream that on the deck, Youve fallen cold and dead. My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still, My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will, The ship is anchord safe and sound, its voyage closed and done, From fearful trip the victor ship comes in
16、with object won; Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells! But I, with mournful tread, Walk the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead.,Free verseInner rhythmI. irregular rhythmi. parallelism ii. repetition iii. pauseiv. ghost of meter- to achieve the effect of auditory senseII. verse buildingi. length of verse ii. Indented line iii. run-on lineiv. use of punctuation (dash, comma)- to achieve the effect of visual sense,Thank You !,