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1、江苏省苏州市吴江区2013届九年级上学期期末考试化学试题学而思网校 吴江区2012,2013学年第一学期期末考试 初三化学 2013.1 注意事项: 1(答题前，考生务必用黑色签字笔将自己的姓名和考试号填写答题卷上，并用2B铅笔填涂考试号下方的涂点。 2(选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卷上对应的答案信息点涂黑。如果改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案写在试题卷上无效。 3(非选择题必须用0.5mm黑色签字笔作答，必须在答题卷上各题目的答题区域作答。超出答题区域书写的答案无效。在试题纸上答题无效。 4(本试卷共31小题，满分100分，考试用时100分钟。 可能用到的相对原子质量
2、:H 1 C 12 O 16 Mg 24 S 32 Fe 56 Cu 64 选择题(共50分) 单项选择题(本题包括25小题，每小题2分，共计50分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意。) 1(我们每天和化学变化打交道，下列叙述不是化学变化的是 A(人吃进的食物逐渐被消化 B(植物的光合作用 C(使用煤气作燃料烧饭做菜 D(汽油的挥发 2(人体缺少必需的微量元素会影响健康，骨质疏松通常需要补充的元素是 A(钙 B(铁 C(锌 D(碘 3(下列物质的主要成分属于氧化物的是 A(钻石(C) B(水晶(SiO) C(食盐(NaCl) D(大理石(CaCO) 234(化学是一门以实验为基础的科学，在化学实验室
3、里，我们常常要进行药品取用、物质加热、仪器洗涤等基本操作，其中往往涉及到用量问题。下列关于用量的说法错误的是 A(给试管里的液体加热时，液体不超过容积的1/3 B(使用酒精灯时，酒精灯内的酒精不超过容积的1/2 C(取用液体时，如果没有说明用量，液体一般取1mL2mL D(洗涤实验用过的试管时，每次注入1/2试管水，振荡后倒掉 5(垃圾收集点通常放置“可回收垃圾”与“不可回收垃圾”两种垃圾桶。以下生活垃圾应放入“不可回收垃圾”桶内的是 A(废报纸 B(塑料瓶 C(果皮 D(易拉罐 6(下列物质的用途中，利用其物理性质的是 A(液态氧作为火箭的助燃剂 B(干冰用于人工降雨 C(铁粉用作食品保鲜吸
4、氧剂 D(用氮气做食品包装袋的填充气 7(下列公共标志中，与消防安全无关的是 1 学而思网校 8(吸烟有害健康。在公共场所，非吸烟者会因少数吸烟者吸烟造成被动吸烟，这是因为 A(分子很小 B(分子之间有间隙 C(分子在不断运动 D(分子由原子构成的 9(下列实验操作中，正确的是 10(下列物质由阴、阳离子构成的是 A(铜 B(氧气 C(金刚石 D(食盐 11(下列有关催化剂的叙述正确的是 A(二氧化锰是所有反应的催化剂 B(加入二氧化锰能使双氧水分解放出的氧气总量增加 C(催化剂能增大化学反应速率，而本身质量和化学性质在反应前后都不变 D(要使双氧水分解放出氧气，必须加入二氧化锰，否则反应就
5、不能发生 12(下列对相关实验现象的描述正确的是 A(加热碳酸氢铵时，产生无色无味的气体，管壁出现小水珠 B(细铁丝在氧气中剧烈燃烧，火星四射，有黑色固体生成 C(镁条在空气中燃烧，发出耀眼的白光，生成黑色固体 D(少量高锰酸钾溶于水可得到浅绿色溶液 13(铈是一种稀土元素，在元素周期表中铈元素的某些信息如右图所示， 下列有关铈的说法正确的是 A(原子核内中子数为58 B(属于非金属元素 C(相对原子质量140.0g D(元素符号为Ce 14(下列说法中错误的是 A(合金中可能含有非金属 B(高炉炼铁的废气可以不经过处理直接排放到大气中 C(铁锈是一种疏松多孔的物质，其主要成分是氧化铁 D(金
6、属的回收利用是保护金属资源的有效途径之一 15(化学实验室中常用重铬酸钾(KCrO)配制玻璃仪器的洗涤液，其中铬(Cr)元素的化合价227为 A(，4 B(，5 C(，6 D(，7 316(在4?时，将100mL密度为1.84g/cm，溶质的质量分数为98%的浓硫酸与100mL的水均匀混合，待温度恢复到4?时，下列关于混合后的溶液叙述正确的是 A(体积为200mL B(溶液的质量为280g 3 C(溶质质量分数为63.5% D(密度为1.42g/cm 17(在“宏观微观符号”之间建立联系是化学学科特有的思维方式。下图是某化学反应的微观模拟示意图，根据该图判断，下列说法中正确的是 2 学而思网校
7、 A(图中的反应物都是单质 B(化学反应前后碳元素化合价没有改变 C(该反应属于分解反应 高温D(该反应的化学方程式是H2O，CCO，H 218(下列图像能正确反映对应变化关系的是 19(金属R与CuSO溶液反应的化学方程式为:2R，3CuSO,R(SO4)，3Cu，则下列说4423法错误的是 A(该反应是置换反应 B(金属R可能是铁 C(金属R活动性比Cu强 D(该反应前后R的化合价发生了改变 20(运用化学知识可以解决许多实际问题。下表中完全正确的一组是 21(人们常在可燃物材料中添加阻燃剂以防止火灾。Mg(OH)是一种常见的阻燃剂，在380?2时分解成水蒸气和耐高温的MgO，并吸收大量
8、的热。下列说法错误的是 A(Mg(OH)分解吸热，能降低可燃物的着火点 2B(Mg(OH)分解吸热，能降低可燃物燃烧时的温度 2C(Mg(OH)分解的产物能使可燃物与氧气隔绝 2D(MgCO比CaCO易分解，也可作阻燃剂 3322(化学与人类生活、社会可持续发展密切相关。下列有关说法正确的是 3 学而思网校 A(绿色化学的核心是应用化学原理对环境污染进行治理 B(富含氮、磷的生活污水不能排放到河中，但可以直接用于农田的灌溉 C(服用铬含量超标的药用胶囊不会对人体健康造成危害 D(PM2.5表示每立方米空气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物的含量，PM2.5值越高，大气污染越严重 23(根据事
9、物的某些相似性类推其他的相似性，并预测类似的可能性，是我们经常使用的一种思维方法。以下类推结果与实际相符的是 A(氧化物中都含有氧元素，所以含有氧元素的化合物都是氧化物 B(某饱和溶液不能继续溶解某相应溶质，所以饱和溶液也不能继续溶解其它溶质 C(分子可以构成物质，物质一定是由分子构成的 D(物质都是由元素组成，不同元素可以组成混合物，同一种元素也可以组成混合物 24(右图为氯化铵和硫酸钠的溶解度曲线。下列说法中错误的是 A(60?时，氯化铵、硫酸钠的溶解度相等 B(将60?的硫酸钠饱和溶液降温至40?，有晶体析出 C(氯化铵的溶解度随温度的升高而增大 D(在30?,70?范围内，硫酸钠饱和溶
10、液在40?时溶 质质量分数最大 25(某化合物6.4g在氧气中完全燃烧，只生成8.8g CO和 27.2 g HO。下列说法正确的是 2A(该化合物仅含碳、氢两种元素 B(该化合物中碳元素的质量分数为75% C(无法确定该化合物是否含有氧元素 D(该化合物中一定含有氧元素 非选择题(共50分) 26(10分)用化学符号表示: (1)?5个锌离子 ? ;?硝酸铵 ? ( (2)完成下列变化的化学方程式，并按要求填空。 ?生石灰与水反应: ? ，该反应 ? (填“放热”或“吸热”)。 ?铁粉能与稀盐酸反应: ? ，反应后溶液由无色变为 ? 。 ?二氧化碳通入澄清石灰水中: ? 。 27(7分)20
11、12年11月，酒鬼酒被媒体曝出塑化剂含量超标高达260%，食品塑化剂事件再次引起社会的高度关注。常用塑化剂的学名“领苯二甲酸二(2,乙基)己酯”，化学式为CHO，它是一种无色透明的液体，有特殊气味，不溶于水，溶于大多数有机溶剂，24384有毒。常用作各种塑料制品的工业添加剂，不可食用。若长期食用塑化剂超标的食品，可能对生殖系统、免疫系统造成伤害，大量摄入还可能致癌。请分析上述信息，回答下列问题: (1)写出塑化剂的两条物理性质 ? 、 ? 。 (2)下列做法，可以使我们远离塑化剂的是 ? (填序号); ?少喝各种饮料，日常饮水以白开水为主 ?经常吃方便面、面包等速食食品以适应我们快节奏的生活
12、?尽量少用塑料制品直接接触热的、含油脂的食物 ?呼吁政府完善食品安全监督检验机制，严惩不法黑心业者 (3)根据常用塑化剂的化学式计算: ?相对分子质量 ? ;?C、H、O三种元素的质量比 ? ; ?氧元素的质量分数为(结果精确到0.1%) ? 。 4 学而思网校 28(9分)水与人类的生活和生产密切相关，是极其重要的自然资源。请回答: (1)?小明同学为了探究水的组成，邀请你一起参加水的电解实验，发现两极上都有气泡冒出，经检验，正极上产生的气体是 ? ，负极上产生的气体是 ? 。请写出该反应的化学方程式 ? 。 ?下列有关水的说法正确的是 ? (填字母序号); A(水是由两个氢元素和一个氧元
13、素组成 B(利用硝酸铵溶于水吸热的原理，自制冰袋给发烧病人降温 C(一定温度下，物质的溶解度随着水的量的变化而变化 D(用洗涤剂除油污是因为洗涤剂能将油污溶解，形成溶液 (2)提纯含少量泥沙的粗盐，一般经过以下操作流程: ?操作?中必须用到的一种仪器是 ? (填字母序号)。 A(研钵 B(量筒 C(烧杯 D(试管 ?操作?中除用到三脚架、酒精灯、玻璃棒、坩埚钳外，还需要用到 ? (填仪器名称)。该操作中容易造成食盐固体飞溅，为尽量减少飞溅，除连续搅拌外还可采取 ? 等措施。 叶绿素 (3)水参加植物光合作用的化学方程式为:6CO，6HO6O，x，则x的化学式: 222光照? 。 29(9分)金
14、属在生产和生活中有广泛的应用。 (1)?铁锅作炊具主要是利用铁的 ? 性;使用铁锅有利于人体健康，主要是因为 ? 。 ?同样是金属，金属铝露置在空气中不容易被腐蚀的原因是 ? 。 ?工业上常用铝粉来还原一些金属氧化物，这类反应被称为铝热反应。请写出铝和四氧化三铁在高温的条件下生成铁和氧化铝的化学反应方程式: ? 。 (2)金属钴(Co)与铁具有相似的化学性质。 ?钴可形成化合价为，2和，3的两种氧化物，其化学式分别是 ? 、 ? 。 ?已知CoCl固体是蓝色的，CoCl?6HO固体和CoCl溶液都是粉红色的。将滤纸放2222入CoCl溶液中浸泡，取出晾干，得到干燥的粉红色滤纸。再将此滤纸用酒精
15、灯小心烘烤，2滤纸由粉红色逐渐变成蓝色，烘烤时反应的化学方程式是 ? 。 30(10分)根据如图所示装置，结合所学知识回答下列问题( (1)写出图中标有字母的仪器名称:? ? ，? ? ; (2)?实验室用高锰酸钾制取氧气，应选用的发生装置是 ? (填字母)，实验时5 学而思网校 该装置试管口应放一团棉花，其目的是 ? ; ?制氧时，小明同学未能收集到两瓶氧气，其可能的原因有 ? (填序号); A(没有塞紧橡皮塞 B(试管口没有放棉花 C(没有及时更换收集第二瓶 D(加热前已将集气瓶灌满水倒立于水槽中 ?小明采用D装置收集氧气，从水槽中取出充满气体的集气瓶，正放于实验桌上，发现瓶口上方的玻璃
16、片容易滑动，其原因是 ? 。 (3)?实验室用大理石和稀盐酸反应制取CO，应选择的发生装置是 ? (填字母)。2如果选用图E来收集气体，则气体应从 ? (填“a”或“b”)端进入。 ?小明同学想把制取二氧化碳结束后的废液未经处理直接倒入下水道，可能造成的危害是 ? (写一条)。 31(5分)碱式碳酸铜【Cu(OH)CO】是一种用途广泛的化工原料，某研究小组在实验223室里以废铜屑为原料制取碱式碳酸铜，若实验得到2.42 g样品(只含CuO杂质)，取此样品加热至分解完全后，得到1.80 g固体，此样品中碱式碳酸铜的质量分数是多少, 6 学而思网校 7 学而思网校 8 学而思网校 (英文版
17、) easily blame, to prevent the broken window effect. Supervise the leading cadres to play an exemplary role, take the lead in the strict implementation of the and , lead to safeguard the solemnity and authority of the party discipline, ensure that the party discipline and the laws and regulations fo
18、r implementation in place. Throughout the discipline in the daily supervision and management , strengthen supervision and inspection, from the thorough investigation of violations of discipline behavior. Strengthen to key areas, key departments and key projects as well as the masses reflect the conc
19、entration of the units and departments for supervision. - strengthening supervision, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to set an example for compliance with the and is a man must be hexyl, blacksmith needs its own hardware. Discipline inspection organs as the executor of the party disc
20、ipline, and supervisor of the defenders, for its supervision must be more strictly, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to firmly establish the awareness of Party Constitution, sense of discipline and rules consciousness, politics loyalty, sense obey. Action speak Ji Ordinance to set an
21、example of the regulations of the rule of law, strengthen supervision and accept the supervision of the firmness and consciousness, do comply with and . To firmly establish the discipline must first be disciplined, the supervisor will be subject to the 9 学而思网校 supervision of concept, and consciousl
22、y safeguard and implement party compasses party, take the lead in practicing three strict real strict, so loyal, clean, play. To be good at learning, the Constitution and the as morality, politics and brought to fruition; to implement , do not want to, dare not, not with disciplinary ruler to superv
23、ision; to discipline a ruler, often the control inspection, and consciously in the ideological red line to draw the row Ming Good accumulation is indeed the bottom line, so that the heart has fear, said to have quit, the line has ended. Attached: indifferent to heart, calmly to the table in our life
24、, there are many unpredictable things will happen, some good, some bad things, we cannot control is powerless to stop, but with time, you will find in life sometimes turns out to be not good, some bad things finally turned out to be a good thing, but then we muddy however did not know, this is the l
25、ife teach us things. 1, life can be complex, can also be simple. Want simple life of precipitation, to have enough time to reflect, to make Become more perfect. Life is the most important thing is not to win, but the struggle; not to have conquered, but to have fought well. 2, the plain is the backg
26、round of life. Live a plain life, give up on themselves is not a coward, but the wise answers; not disillusioned after the heart, such as ashes, but experience the storm after the enlightenment; not unrewarding perfunctorily, but calm attitude of life of unrestrained self-confidence. Plain living, t
27、here is no noise noisy, no earthly troubles, more did not fill in the discontent of desire, 10 学而思网校 some just a calm, a calm. 3, memory of heart will not good things to erase the, life is a When no movie, pain is a beginning, the struggle is a kind of process, death is a kind of ending. Give up th
28、is giving up is the helpless, do not give up the abandoned, do not give up this giving up is ignorance, do not give up should not give up is persistent. 4, a thing figured is heaven, think impassability is hell. Since the living, to live better. Sometimes we because of too narrow-minded, too care ar
29、ound the chores and penny wise and pound foolish, not worth the candle. Some things to attract trouble and worry, completely depends on how we look at and deal with it. Dont always take everything back to things, and dont get into a blind alley, dont want to face, dont be narrow-minded. Poke to care
30、, is a kind of open-minded, a free and easy. 5, I am not afraid of others behind me a knife, I afraid to look back and see stab me, is my intention to treat people; I am not afraid of the truth to tell the best friend, Im afraid he turned to it as a joke to tell dont 6, when we are in a positive fra
31、me of mind, you will find many good things; and when we are in a negative state of mind, you will find many depressed things; life happy and worry, all is you of life attitude, optimistic, good luck; loss of sink, Eritrea company. When you are in adversity, may wish to change a point of view to thin
32、k everything over to the good Think, because good mentality decided the fate of the! 7, people are tired, rest; heart tired, calm. Grow up, mature, this society read. Tired and sad, squat down, to their a hug. Because the world no one can 11 学而思网校 sympathize with you, have mercy on you. You cry, te
33、ars is your own; you pain, no one can understand. Then you only tears to smile. 8, each people have youth, Each youth are a story, the life of the world never gets easier, I want what, wish the world all know, as has been the same; now want anything, for fear that others know, or like to lose the sa
34、me. 9, the heart move, everything in the world is followed by birth, Rangrang, important thing is often the most difficult to open ones mouth, because words will reduce its importance; to let strangers people care about your life in the good things, the original is not easy 10, do not blame, do not
35、laugh at who, also dont envy who. Like a person is a kind of feeling, not like a person is true. The truth is easy to explain, I feel Is unspeakable. The best travel life is that you in a strange place found a long lost touched. 11, happy life not in the bustling in, and in the peace of mind; no mat
36、ter how many grievances, how uncomfortable, and ultimately to heal themselves or their own, others may got you to comfort, but never know your heart is how wanjianchuanxin. 12, maam, like a movie, learn to appreciate, learn to be grateful, learn tolerance, and goodness, helping others. Instead of ac
37、cusing the society, as into one; and an exception is better to give than to what 13, dont envy him A sum of, dont lose your life and the life, respectively is: the former is a we experienced cannot escape in a day finally will last minute, while the latter is our persistent, we want to cherish the m
38、emory of those people and things. 12 学而思网校 14, learn to smile, learn to strong, the world you know so many people, so many people and you are, you cannot change also cant let everyone like you, so also do not want to do. Life is too short to go crazy to love to go to waste, to chase the dream to re
39、gret. 15, when temper, a blessing to go. A wounding elegant people, the key is to control their own emotions. With the mouth is the most stupid behavior. A control negative emotions than a can take a city more powerful water flow slow, language is expensive. People spent two years of time to learn t
40、o speak, but to spend a few years time to shut up. That is a kind of ability, that is a kind of wisdom. 16, life is not perfect, sometimes, growth is not a cry, not an eyeful of tears, there is no trace of emotion, there is no gleam of hope, no desire, no action, no static, there is only one kind of
41、 downward sinking feeling, sink A murky? 6? 7? 6? 7 sink? 6? 7? 6? 7 toward the bottom of the sink. 17, in some way, do not go, you will not know the other side scenery is beautiful. To you is not good, you do not mind too much, no one has an obligation to you; you learn knowledge, is you have weapo
42、ns, you can start from scratch, but not unarmed; how do you treat people, does not represent how others treat you, if cannot see through this point, only inviting worry. 18, time is like a sponge in the water, as long as you are willing to squeeze, the total water is still there. Every life, after t
43、he ups and downs The best test of live, to life, survival and continuation, do not stop the struggle in the joys and sorrows of life on the road, so that different soul to bear life beat, acceptance of 13 学而思网校 suffering. 19, indifferent to heart, calmly in table, elegant and comfortable life, do n
44、ot take what is so important. The pursuit will be disappointed; to be alive, you will have trouble. Life is the most afraid of what all want to care about, but also what all grasp is not firm, without scenery, separated populations, such as not to desire, all docked in the fate of the end. Why is to
45、o rigid, the natural, to go stay not to live, let go of obsession, revel is 20, if the fate of the broken Hopes of sailing, please dont despair, the coast is still, if the fate of the withered petals of the beautiful, please do not sink, the spring is still, life will always be endless trouble, plea
46、se dont helpless, because they are still alive, is still a dream, the sun still, we still. Lost, keep memories; to get, must work to; but the most important is good to cherish their own. 21, life, select the complex, is to choose the pain; choose a simple, is choose to be happy. The complex world li
47、ke a Significance of pride. Hope is the ornate palace, outside people admiring the magnificent, living in the deep knowledge of living it to pay the price. Simple world as a simple log cabin outside ridiculed shabby, the heart is willing to go live to know the joy. Suffering and joy is their own choice. 22, learn how to use a single powerful heart, let the past be the past, let the future come. Life is really the end of the end of an eagle is flying wings, life is constantly pursuit. Dont miss to regret, dont wait for old just miss.