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1、1,Section of Conclusion,General Functions and Main Elements of Conclusion Summing upTo be a part with its main function of summarizing the chief pieces of pure facts, data and information in the paperTo actually summarize, with due emphasis, the principal items of information in the main body of the
2、 paper To include only material that appeared earlier in an expanded form,2,Section of Conclusion,General Functions and Main Elements of Conclusion Statement of Conclusions Convictions based on evidenceTo follow logically from the data presented actually in the main body of the paper To agree with w
3、hatever you may have promised to testify in the introduction,3,Section of Conclusion,General Functions and Main Elements of Conclusion Statement of RecommendationsAppear less frequently in professional papers than in, say, technical reportsTo be sure that they follow logically from the data and conc
4、lusions presented earlierNot to dangle as proposals that you think are good but for which you have given no supporting evidence,Never clash with what you may have expected to do in your introduction,4,Section of Conclusion,General Functions and Main Elements of Conclusion Graceful Termination To be
5、achieved when all the materials of the conclusion are smoothly woven together and satisfactorily round off the wholeBe on guard against duplicating large portion of the introduction in the conclusion. Verbatim repetition can be boring and even create a false unity, which is definitely no compliment
6、to the authors success.,5,Section of Conclusion,Requirements for Writing a Conclusion Be careful not to draw conclusions from data involving errors of observation, errors in arithmetic, compensating errors, systematic and personal errors.Do not use mathematical formulas without clearly understanding
7、 of their derivations and all the assumptions involved. Be cautious in comparing conclusions based upon experiments in which the influential conditions have been improperly controlled, and therefore not duplicated.,6,Section of Conclusion,Requirements for Writing a Conclusion Avoid confusing facts w
8、ith opinions of influences, not only in the investigation itself but also in preparing results for publication. Do not draw a conclusion from too few data, or too broad a conclusion that is based on extrapolated curves. Guard against failing to qualify a conclusion, in order to show the limits withi
9、n which it applies, or the variation which is to be expected. When you indulge in a speculation, be sure to remind your reader to know that it remains a speculation.,7,Section of Conclusion,Useful Expressions in Writing a Conclusion Our argument proceeds inOn the basis of, the following conclusion c
10、an be made The research work has brought about a discovery of Finally a summary is given ofThese findings of the research have led the author to conclusion that The research has resulted in a solution of,8,Section of Conclusion,Useful Expressions in Writing a Conclusion From, we now conclude To sum
11、up, we have revealed We have demonstrated in this paper The results of the experiment indicate In conclusion, the result shows We have described, we found,9,Example,Business organizations have embraced IT in its daily operations. Lots of money has been spent in acquiring and maintaining equipment an
12、d software to keep up with the current technological trends. Security became a drawback of organizations in maintaining systems. Experts are hired on contract basis to help solve security problems in organizations. Security companies are being outsourced to find a lasting solution to the security me
13、nace hanging on the necks of Information Technology and Information Security departments. The organizations are doing all they can to avoid any form of security risks. Studies have shown that human factors play a critical role in managing risks. As organizations look to technological solutions to th
14、eir security risk problems, a closer look should be given to the human elements in the organization, how the users interact with the risk control measures that are implemented and how the users themselves due to some behavioral traits, help control measures to fail.(summing up),10,Example,New hires
15、usually undergo orientation programs to get familiarized with their job operations. Organizations should include information security briefing as part of this orientation programs. This gives the user a prior security awareness mindset. It is normally viewed that senior-level management have better
16、risk perception attitudes than the junior-level employees. This research has shown that user risks perception cuts across all employee levels so the same amount of effort should be put in to educate and train all employees on security risk awareness.(statement of conclusion) Its a good thing if poli
17、cy creation involves the users. But users should also have some education on organizational policies even if they were involved in the creation process. Policies should be communicated properly to users and the users should be made to sign to agree to the policies that theyve read. Organizations sho
18、uld implement appropriate measures to penalize employees as this could lead to employees covering their errors and mistakes especially when they themselves are in the wrong.(statement of recommendations),11,Example,A lot of effort should be put in creating security risk awareness for the users. Training programs should address user-training needs. Users view could be sought before organizing training programs and they should be after training programs to evaluate the effectiveness of the training. This helps to improve on the quality of training programs.(graceful termination),谢谢观赏！,