1、Translation of Subjectless Chinese Sentences无主句的翻译无主句的翻译1汉语无主句特点汉语无主句特点只有谓语部分而没有主语部分只有谓语部分而没有主语部分能表达完整明确的意思能表达完整明确的意思很难确定主语很难确定主语很难确定主语很难确定主语隐含主语隐含主语隐含主语隐含主语房子前面有一棵房子前面有一棵树树树下拴着一头老树下拴着一头老牛牛刮风了，要下雨刮风了，要下雨了了2翻译思路翻译思路构建构建整体框架整体框架确定主语确定主语确定各个成分确定各个成分3翻译方法翻译方法1.1.汉语祈使句译成英语汉语祈使句译成英语祈使句祈使句2.2.采用英语的采用英语的被动结
2、构被动结构译出译出3.3.采用采用倒装倒装语序译出语序译出4.4.采用采用 “There be”There be”结构译出结构译出5.5.用用 “it”it”充当主语充当主语6.6.添加添加适当的代词或名词充当主语适当的代词或名词充当主语41.1.汉语祈使句译成英语祈使句汉语祈使句译成英语祈使句请讲慢一点。请讲慢一点。Please speak a little slower.Please speak a little slower.看菜吃饭，量体裁衣。看菜吃饭，量体裁衣。Fit the appetite to the dishes and the Fit the appetite to the
3、 dishes and the dress/clothes to the figure.dress/clothes to the figure.不要去等待不要去等待“合适的时间合适的时间”，现在就行动！，现在就行动！Dont wait for the“right time”.Move now!Dont wait for the“right time”.Move now!5别费心机去洞察女孩的心思，别费心机去洞察女孩的心思，因为她们总在变。因为她们总在变。Dont bother to penetrate girls minds Dont bother to penetrate girls min
4、ds as they are always changing.as they are always changing.小心轻放！小心轻放！Handle with care!Handle with care!不自由，毋宁死。不自由，毋宁死。Give me liberty or give me death.Give me liberty or give me death.6想吃什么，只管告诉我想吃什么，只管告诉我。Whatever Whatever youyou like to eat,just tell me.like to eat,just tell me.一有问题就去解决，不要等问题成堆了才
5、去一有问题就去解决，不要等问题成堆了才去作一次总解决。作一次总解决。Whenever a problem crops up,tackle it right Whenever a problem crops up,tackle it right away;dont let problems pile up and then try away;dont let problems pile up and then try to settle them all at one go.to settle them all at one go.7宁为鸡首，不为牛后。宁为鸡首，不为牛后。Better be a
6、 birds beak than a cows rump.Better be a birds beak than a cows rump.Better be a dogs head than a lions tail.Better be a dogs head than a lions tail.Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse.horse.Better reign in hell than serve in heaven.B
7、etter reign in hell than serve in heaven.82.2.采用英语的被动结构译出采用英语的被动结构译出墙上挂了一些画墙上挂了一些画。Some pictures Some pictures were hungwere hung on the wall.on the wall.为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢？Why should all the unpleasant jobs Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushedbe pushed on on to me?to me?给了他两天时间来作必
8、要的准备给了他两天时间来作必要的准备。He He was allowedwas allowed two days to make the necessary two days to make the necessary preparations.preparations.9找不到任何迹象表明这两者之间存在着关系找不到任何迹象表明这两者之间存在着关系找不到任何迹象表明这两者之间存在着关系找不到任何迹象表明这两者之间存在着关系。No indications are found of the existence of relationships No indications are found of
9、 the existence of relationships No indications are found of the existence of relationships No indications are found of the existence of relationships between the two(things).between the two(things).between the two(things).between the two(things).认识认识认识认识落后落后落后落后，才能去改变，才能去改变，才能去改变，才能去改变落后落后落后落后；学习；学习
10、学习；学习先进先进先进先进，才有可能赶，才有可能赶，才有可能赶，才有可能赶超超超超先进先进先进先进。BackwardnessBackwardnessBackwardnessBackwardness must be perceived before it can be must be perceived before it can be must be perceived before it can be must be perceived before it can be conquered.conquered.conquered.conquered.地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铜、铅和锌地下埋
11、藏着大量的金、银、铜、铅和锌地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铜、铅和锌地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铜、铅和锌。Hidden underground is a wealth of gold,silver,copper,Hidden underground is a wealth of gold,silver,copper,Hidden underground is a wealth of gold,silver,copper,Hidden underground is a wealth of gold,silver,copper,lead and zinc.lead and zinc.lead and zi
12、nc.lead and zinc.10没有安定的政治环境，干什么都不成没有安定的政治环境，干什么都不成。Nothing can be Nothing can be accomplishedaccomplished/achievedachieved without a without a stable political environment.stable political environment.对这一问题实际上还没有进行过科学实验对这一问题实际上还没有进行过科学实验。Practically no scientific experiments Practically no scientif
13、ic experiments havehave yet yet been been donedone on this(matter).on this(matter).希望今后上海能与更多外国城市结为友好城市希望今后上海能与更多外国城市结为友好城市。It is hoped It is hoped that Shanghai will establish friendly that Shanghai will establish friendly relationships with more foreign cities in future.relationships with more for
14、eign cities in future.113.3.采用倒装语序译出采用倒装语序译出随着一声吼叫，呼地从树林里窜出一只老虎随着一声吼叫，呼地从树林里窜出一只老虎来来。Following the roar,out rushed a tiger from Following the roar,out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.among the bushes.山里住着个老和尚山里住着个老和尚。In the mountain lived an old monk.In the mountain lived an old monk.124.4.采用采用
15、There be”There be”结构译出结构译出没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无所谓顺利所谓顺利。Without facility,Without facility,therethere would would bebe no difficulty;no difficulty;without difficulty,without difficulty,therethere would would bebe no no facility either.facility either.Without facility,Without facility,
16、therethere would would bebe no difficulty,no difficulty,and vice versa.and vice versa.13无水则无无水则无Without water Without water therethere would would bebe no fish.no fish.好多年以前，这个村子里住着六个盲人好多年以前，这个村子里住着六个盲人。A long,long time ago,A long,long time ago,there livedthere lived six blind men in six blind men i
17、n this village.this village.萝卜青菜，各有所爱萝卜青菜，各有所爱。There isThere is no account for taste.no account for taste.14楼楼上上有人想和你说话有人想和你说话。There isThere is a man upstairs a man upstairs who wants to speak to you.who wants to speak to you.要发展就要变，不变就不会发要发展就要变，不变就不会发展。展。Development means change;without Development
18、 means change;without change,change,therethere can can bebe no development.no development.155.5.用用“it”it”充当主语充当主语要解决问题，必须做系统、周密的调查和研究工作要解决问题，必须做系统、周密的调查和研究工作要解决问题，必须做系统、周密的调查和研究工作要解决问题，必须做系统、周密的调查和研究工作。In order to solve the problem In order to solve the problem In order to solve the problem In order
19、 to solve the problem it it it it is necessary to make a is necessary to make a is necessary to make a is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation and study.systematic and thorough investigation and study.systematic and thorough investigation and study.systematic and thorough invest
20、igation and study.能不能提前完成计划呢能不能提前完成计划呢能不能提前完成计划呢能不能提前完成计划呢？Is Is Is Is it it it it possible to carry out the plan ahead of time?possible to carry out the plan ahead of time?possible to carry out the plan ahead of time?possible to carry out the plan ahead of time?青天白日点灯笼青天白日点灯笼青天白日点灯笼青天白日点灯笼 白费蜡白费蜡白费
21、蜡白费蜡。It It It It is not necessary to light a candle to the sun.is not necessary to light a candle to the sun.is not necessary to light a candle to the sun.is not necessary to light a candle to the sun.16活到老，活到老，活到老，活到老，学到老。学到老。学到老。学到老。It It It It is never too late to learn.is never too late to learn
22、is never too late to learn.is never too late to learn.不是因为不存在问题，而是因为看不见问题不是因为不存在问题，而是因为看不见问题不是因为不存在问题，而是因为看不见问题不是因为不存在问题，而是因为看不见问题。It It It It is not is not is not is not thatthatthatthat the problem is not there but that it is not the problem is not there but that it is not the problem is not ther
23、e but that it is not the problem is not there but that it is not visible.visible.visible.visible.要成功，就要付出劳动要成功，就要付出劳动要成功，就要付出劳动要成功，就要付出劳动。It It It It will take/cost will take/cost will take/cost will take/cost one/one/one/one/you you you you a lot ofa lot ofa lot ofa lot of effort to succeed in effo
24、rt to succeed in effort to succeed in effort to succeed in anything.anything.anything.anything.丢了钱总比掉脑袋强丢了钱总比掉脑袋强丢了钱总比掉脑袋强丢了钱总比掉脑袋强。Its better to give away money than life.Its better to give away money than life.Its better to give away money than life.Its better to give away money than life.176.6.添加
25、适当的代词或名词充当主语添加适当的代词或名词充当主语不入虎穴，焉得虎子不入虎穴，焉得虎子。If If oneone does not enter a tigers den,how can does not enter a tigers den,how can oneone get a tigers cub?get a tigers cub?NothingNothing venture ventured d,nothingnothing gain gaineded.不能不佩服他多年来埋头苦干的精神不能不佩服他多年来埋头苦干的精神。OneOne cannot but admire his pers
26、everance in cannot but admire his perseverance in keeping his nose to the grindstone for all these keeping his nose to the grindstone for all these years.years.18世上无难事世上无难事，只怕有心，只怕有心人人。NothingNothing is difficult in the world if is difficult in the world if oneone puts his heart puts his heart toto
27、it.it.NothingNothing in the world is difficult for in the world is difficult for the the oneone who sets his heart on it.who sets his heart on it.NothingNothing is impossible to a willing is impossible to a willing heart.heart.19忍一时风平浪静，退一步海阔天空忍一时风平浪静，退一步海阔天空。If If youyou are tolera are tolerantnt d
28、uring one moment of during one moment of anger,anger,youyou will escape a hundred days of will escape a hundred days of sorrow.sorrow.吃得苦中苦，方为人上人吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。If If youyou wish to be the best,wish to be the best,youyou must suffer the must suffer the bitterest.bitterest.ThoseThose that sow in tears sh
29、all reap in joy.that sow in tears shall reap in joy.No cross,no crown.No cross,no crown.20不以物喜，不以己悲。不以物喜，不以己悲。WeWe should not get affected by things around should not get affected by things around usus,however stirring they may be;neither,however stirring they may be;neither should we feel sad about
30、 our misfortune,should we feel sad about our misfortune,however torturing it may be.however torturing it may be.不识不识庐庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中山真面目，只缘身在此山中。WeWe cantcant get a get a goodgood view of the mountain in view of the mountain in which which wewere standing.re standing.21必须尊重劳动，尊重知识，尊重人才，尊重必须尊重劳动，尊重知识，尊
31、重人才，尊重创造创造。WeWe must respect work,knowledge,competent must respect work,knowledge,competent people and creation.people and creation.认识认识落后落后，才能去改变，才能去改变落后落后；学习；学习先进先进，才，才有可能赶超有可能赶超先进先进。WeWe must learn from the advanced before must learn from the advanced before wewe can can catch up and surpass them
32、catch up and surpass them.22热得热得我我满头大汗满头大汗。I Im all in a sweat.m all in a sweat.没没你你的份。的份。YouYouve got no share.ve got no share.只有走着瞧了只有走着瞧了。Only Only timetime can tell.can tell.弄不好，就会前功尽弃弄不好，就会前功尽弃。Our Our workwork will be in vain unless it is handled will be in vain unless it is handled properly.
33、properly.23只准只准州官州官放火，不准放火，不准百姓百姓点灯点灯。The The magistratesmagistrates are free to burn down houses,are free to burn down houses,while the while the common peoplecommon people are forbidden are forbidden even to light lamps.even to light lamps.在那桃花盛开的地方，有我可爱的在那桃花盛开的地方，有我可爱的故乡故乡。My My lovelylovely home
34、townhometown lies(in the place)where lies(in the place)where peach flowers are in blossom.peach flowers are in blossom.24承蒙社会各界的友好合作和信赖，在此承蒙社会各界的友好合作和信赖，在此谨代表集团同仁表示真诚的谢意谨代表集团同仁表示真诚的谢意。On behalf of all the staff of the corporation,On behalf of all the staff of the corporation,I Id d like to like to e
35、xpress my sincere gratitude to express my sincere gratitude to people from all circles of life for their people from all circles of life for their friendly co-operation and trust.friendly co-operation and trust.25这几天心里颇不宁静，今晚在院子里坐着乘凉，这几天心里颇不宁静，今晚在院子里坐着乘凉，忽然想起日日走过的荷塘忽然想起日日走过的荷塘I I have felt quite ups
36、et recently.Tonight,when have felt quite upset recently.Tonight,when I I was was sitting in the yard enjoying the evening cool,sitting in the yard enjoying the evening cool,suddenly occurred to me the Lotus Pond around suddenly occurred to me the Lotus Pond around which I lingered everyday which I l
37、ingered everyday 白天里一定要做的事，一定要说的话，现在都可白天里一定要做的事，一定要说的话，现在都可不理不理。AllAll that that oneone is obliged to do,or say,in the daytime,is obliged to do,or say,in the daytime,can very well be cast aside now.can very well be cast aside now.26Practice Practice w解放思想解放思想w实事求是实事求是w开拓创新开拓创新w继往开来继往开来w与时俱进与时俱进wEman
38、cipate the mind;Emancipate the mind;wseek truth from facts;seek truth from facts;wcome up with new ideas;come up with new ideas;wcarry forward our cause into the carry forward our cause into the future;future;wkeep pace with the times.keep pace with the times.27w自自19831983年以来，已经建立了一百多个这样的年以来，已经建立了一百
39、多个这样的组织。组织。wMMore than one hundred organizations of such ore than one hundred organizations of such kind kind have been established have been established since 1983.since 1983.w要教育孩子说实话。要教育孩子说实话。wChildren should be taught to speak the truth.Children should be taught to speak the truth.w去年发现了一种稀有元素。去
40、年发现了一种稀有元素。wA rare element was found last year.A rare element was found last year.w必须认真作好建厂前的准备工作。必须认真作好建厂前的准备工作。wBefore the factory is set up,careful and thorough Before the factory is set up,careful and thorough preparations must be made.preparations must be made.28w必须保证必须保证8 8小时的睡眠。小时的睡眠。wEight h
41、ours sleep must be guaranteed.Eight hours sleep must be guaranteed.w发现了错误，一定要改正。发现了错误，一定要改正。wWrongs must be righted when they are Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.discovered.w在游廊的最左端坐着一位将近在游廊的最左端坐着一位将近3030岁的男子。岁的男子。wClose to the extreme left of the veranda sat a Close to the extreme l
42、eft of the veranda sat a man of about thirty.man of about thirty.w他的书桌上放着带有细菌的小碟子。他的书桌上放着带有细菌的小碟子。wOn his desk were small plates containing the On his desk were small plates containing the bacteria.bacteria.29w w总之，是两点而不是一点。总之，是两点而不是一点。总之，是两点而不是一点。总之，是两点而不是一点。w wIn short,there are two aspects,not ju
43、st one.In short,there are two aspects,not just one.In short,there are two aspects,not just one.In short,there are two aspects,not just one.w w很容易看得出来那作家是一位生手，刚从事写作的。很容易看得出来那作家是一位生手，刚从事写作的。很容易看得出来那作家是一位生手，刚从事写作的。很容易看得出来那作家是一位生手，刚从事写作的。w wIt is very easy to tell that the writer is a novice at his task
44、It is very easy to tell that the writer is a novice at his task.It is very easy to tell that the writer is a novice at his task.It is very easy to tell that the writer is a novice at his task.w w要赢得同行的好评是相当困难的。要赢得同行的好评是相当困难的。要赢得同行的好评是相当困难的。要赢得同行的好评是相当困难的。w wIt is rather difficult to win It is rathe
45、r difficult to win It is rather difficult to win It is rather difficult to win applause applause applause applause from thefrom thefrom thefrom the peer peer peer peer.w w获得知识不容易，传授知识也不容易。获得知识不容易，传授知识也不容易。获得知识不容易，传授知识也不容易。获得知识不容易，传授知识也不容易。w wIts no Its no Its no Its no easiereasiereasiereasier for u
46、s to impart knowledge than to acquire.for us to impart knowledge than to acquire.for us to impart knowledge than to acquire.for us to impart knowledge than to acquire.w w不过，能过自己想过的生活，不也是一种幸福吗？不过，能过自己想过的生活，不也是一种幸福吗？不过，能过自己想过的生活，不也是一种幸福吗？不过，能过自己想过的生活，不也是一种幸福吗？w wHowever,isnt it a kind of happiness if
47、you can live However,isnt it a kind of happiness if you can live However,isnt it a kind of happiness if you can live However,isnt it a kind of happiness if you can live as as as as you want to?you want to?you want to?you want to?30w只要工作干得好，理直气壮把报酬要。只要工作干得好，理直气壮把报酬要。wHe He who who serves well need no
48、t serves well need not hesitate hesitate to ask to ask for for wages.wages.w爱一个人就要爱他的一切，包括优点和缺点。爱一个人就要爱他的一切，包括优点和缺点。wIf you love someone,you must love all If you love someone,you must love all about about him him including merits and demerits.including merits and demerits.w不怕一万，就怕万一。不怕一万，就怕万一。wYou c
49、an never be too careful.You can never be too careful.w要适可而止，否则就要完蛋。要适可而止，否则就要完蛋。wOne step further and you will be lost.One step further and you will be lost.31w明德尚行，学贯中西。明德尚行，学贯中西。wWe should strive for moral integrity,We should strive for moral integrity,exemplary behavior,and conversance with exemp
50、lary behavior,and conversance with both eastern and western learning.both eastern and western learning.w在这个充满竞争的社会里，该如何使自在这个充满竞争的社会里，该如何使自己脱颖而出呢？己脱颖而出呢？wIn this society that is full of competition,In this society that is full of competition,how should we make our talent showinghow should we make our
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