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1、 陈述句v 重点：陈述句的五大基本结构；陈述句的句型转换；祈使句的含义。v 难点：陈述句的否定。1. 否定大多时候是找原句中的助动词作文章，如果有助动词或be动词就否定在它们身上，若没有需要判断时态和人称，借助do, did, does进行否定；2. think等表观点词的否定转移；3. either.or等关联词的全否定。1. 陈述句概念和基本类型陈述句是用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法的句子。根据句中动词的类型和后接宾语的情况，通常又可将陈述句划分成一下五种形式：类型常见谓语动词例句主语+不及物动词S+Visleep, walk, happen, come,go, stay, arrive,
2、laugh,等The boy slept for a long time.那个男孩睡了很久。主语+及物动词+宾语S+Vt+Oraise, call, meet, eat, leave等Everyone knows the rule.每个人都知道这个规则。主语+及物动词+双宾语S+Vt+O+Ogive pass, lend, send, show,buy, make, find, draw等Tommy gave me a present yesterday.汤米昨天送给我一个礼物。主语+及物动词+宾语+补语S+Vt+O+Cmake, call, find, have, ask,tell, kee
3、p, want, hear等He found the movie interesting.他发现这部电影很有意思。主语+系动词+表语S+V(系动词)+Pbe, become, look, get, feel,see, turn, keep, sound等Tony felt happy.托尼感到很开心。v 注：S：主语；Vi：不及物动词；Vt：及物动词；P：表语；O：宾语；C：宾语补足语。2. 陈述句的否定结构陈述句的否定一般否定在be动词、助动词或情态动词上，如：I am not a doctor but a teacher.我不是一名医生而是一个老师。I havent finished my
4、 homework yet.我还没完成我的作业。I cant do it by myself.我不能独立完成。 在以下几种情况下，句子否定比较特殊，需要特别注意。1). 含有have的否定句(1). have作实意动词，表“有”或“吃”时，否定在前，根据时态用dont, doesnt或didnt否定，如：I didnt have lunch today.今天我没吃午饭。(2). have作为助动词，即在完成时中，否定直接用havent既可，如：I havent been to China yet.我还没去过中国。2). 含有all, both, each, bothand等的肯定句中，加not
5、为部分否定；若表示全部否定需要把上述词变成否定形式，即no, no one, nobody, none, neither, neithernor等词，如：肯定：Both Tom and Jack are good students.汤姆和杰克都是好学生。否定：Neither Tom nor Jack is good student.汤姆和杰克都不是好学生。3). 句中含有already（已经），too（也）的肯定句加not变为否定句时，要分别把already和too变为yet和either，如：肯定：He has already finished his homework.他已经完成了他的作业
6、。否定：He hasnt finished his work yet.他尚未完成作业。4). 含有always, many, much, often等词的肯定句可直接用never(hardly), few, little, seldom变为否定句，而不用加not，如：肯定：He always gets up early in the morning.他早上总是早起。否定：He never gets up early in the morning.他早上从不早起。5). 在谓语动词是think，believe，suppose的宾语从句中，否定宾语从句，应该将否定放在主语，如：肯定：I think
7、 you are right.我认为你是对的。否定：I dont think you are right.我认为你不对。 考点拓展之陈述句转换为疑问句疑问句部分会详细介绍不同类型的疑问句，此处提一句陈述句如何转换成疑问句。主要有以下两个原则：1). 若陈述句中有be动词、情态动词、助动词，我们只要把这次词提到主语前即实现了句型的转换，如：陈述句：He is a good student. 他是一个好学生。疑问句：Is he a good student? 他是个好学生么？2). 若陈述句中没有上述这些词，我们需要判断时态和人称，将do，did，does放与句首用于疑问，如：陈述句：He pla
8、ys basketball well. 他篮球打的很好。疑问句：Does he play basketball well? 他篮球打的好么？例1. 根据中文提示，完成句子。我将会把这封信寄给她。_. 例2. 将陈述句转换为否定句。1. I have a lot of money. (转换为否定句)_.2. All of us like this movie very much._. 例3. 将陈述句转换为疑问句。1. He is going swimming this weekend._.2. He likes playing football very much._.【答案详解】例1. I
9、will send this letter to her./ I will send her this letter. 考查主谓双宾结构和陈述句。send为主谓双宾动词，用send sth. to sb./ send sb. sth.； 例2. 1. I dont have a lot of money. 2. None of us like(s) this movie. 1. 考查陈述句转换否定句。have作实意动词，最简单的方法就是用dont否定在前。2. 考查陈述句转换否定句。all的全否定要用none，若用not all则表示“不都是”意思有差别。例3. 1. Is he going
10、swimming this weekend?2. Does he like playing football very much? 1. 考查陈述句转换疑问句。句中有be动词的陈述句，直接提前就可以变成疑问句。2.考查陈述句转换疑问句。陈述句中没有be动词，情态动词或助动词，疑问句用do的相应时态，人称，提前到主语前。 1. I_ his name.A do not knowB no knowC know notD know no2. The tea _ good.A soundB tasteC soundsD tastes3. I _ my homework yet.A not have f
11、inishedB havent finishedC have no finishedD dont have finished4. She told us an interesting story yesterday. It made all of us _.A to laughB to be laughingC laughedD laughing5. The boy was badly ill. He must be _ immediately.A sent to the hospitalB sent hospitalC sending to the hospitalD sending hos
12、pital6. 句型转换1. He did some work this morning. (改为否定句)_.2. Neither Jane nor Maria can speak Chinese very well. (改为肯定句)_.3. Sometimes you are supposed to come early. (改为否定句)_.4. Both the students and their teacher enjoy this book. (改为否定句)_.5. David has some Chinese lessons every week. (改为一般疑问句)_. 【答案详
13、解】1 A 考查陈述句的否定。本句没有助动词，否定根据事态用dont, didnt, doesnt否定在谓语动词前，故选A。2 D 考查陈述句结构。句意：这茶喝着不错。故排除AC；主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式，故选D。3 B 考查陈述句的否定。本句为完成时，含有助动词have，直接否定在助动词上就可以了，故选B。4 D 考查陈述句基本结构。本句为主谓宾宾补结构，空中缺少补语，make后若用不定式要省略to，排除AB；本句中是让我们大家大笑，动词要变成分词来充当补语，又此处笑为主动，用现在分词，故选D。5 A 考查陈述句结构和被动语态。本句为主谓双宾结构，即send sb. to sp.；为被
14、动，故选A。6 1. He didnt do any work this morning.2. Both Jane and Maria can speak Chinese very well.3. Sometimes you are not supposed to come early.4. Neither the students nor their teacher enjoys this book.5. Does David have any Chinese lessons every week? 1. 考查陈述句的否定。本句没有助动词，否定根据时态用dont, didnt, doesnt
15、否定在谓语动词前，本句为过去时，用didnt；否定疑问用any。2. 考查陈述句否定。bothand并列主语否定需改为neithernor，反之亦然。3. 考查陈述句的否定。本句中有系动词are，直接否定即可。4. 考查陈述句否定。bothand并列主语否定需改为neithernor，且谓语动词就近一致，用单数形式。5. 考查陈述句转疑问句。本句无助动词，需要根据时态，用do, did, does提前进行疑问；又否定疑问句中用any。 回顾一下，本节课你是否获得了新的知识了呢？ 总结一下，本节课带给你哪些收获？ 疑问句“Do you have the time？”可不是“有没有没有时间”“你有
16、空吗”英文表达应该是“Do you have time？”或者我们还可以说：Do you have a minute？Are you available？Can you spare some time？一、疑问句之一般疑问句所谓一般疑问句，就是可以用yes或no来回答的疑问句。1. 肯定形式的一般疑问句 此类一般疑问句的结构为：“连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他? ”。如： Is he a good student? 他是一个好学生吗? Yes，he is. 是的，他是。No，he isnt. 不，他不是。 Does he go to school by bike? 他骑自
17、行车去上学吗? Yes，he does. 是的，他骑。No，he doesnt. 不，他不骑。2. 否定形式的一般疑问句 此类一般疑问句主要表示反问或惊讶，通常在连系动词be，情态动词或助动词后加not的缩略式nt，并放在句首。如： Arent you a writer? 难道你不是作家吗? No，Im not. 是的，我不是。3. 用yes，no之外的词回答的一般疑问句 一般疑问句也可用其他表示肯定或否定的词回答，如：certainly，sure，of course，I think so，all right，certainly not，not at all，never，sorry，not y
18、et，Im afraid not等。 Would you mind my joining your talk? 我加入你们的讨论，你们介意吗? Of course not. 当然不介意。二、疑问句之特殊疑问句以疑问词开头的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句的基本结构是“疑问词+一般疑问句”。常见的疑问词有what，who，whose，which，when，where，how，what time，what color，how much，how many，how long，how often，how soon等。1. 特殊疑问句的语序疑问词作主语时，句子的语序与陈述句的语序相同。当疑问词作句子的宾语、
19、状语等时，应用“疑问词+一般疑问句”结构。如： Who will give us a talk? 谁将给我们做报告? (who作主语) When do you get up every day? 你每天什么时候起床? (when作时间状语)2. 否定形式的特殊疑问句 否定形式的特殊疑问句由“疑问词+一般疑问句的否定形式”构成，主要表示劝告、建议或责备等。如： Why didnt you tell me earlier? 你为什么不早点告诉我呢? When cant he come? 他什么时候不能来? 三、疑问句之选择疑问句 要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况进行选择的问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句
20、的最后两个供选择部分用or连接。选择疑问句有两种：一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句。 Do you like Tom or Jerry? 你喜欢汤姆还是杰瑞? I like Jerry. 我喜欢杰瑞。 Which do you like best，apples，oranges or bananas? 你最喜欢哪样，苹果、橘子还是香蕉? I like apples best. 我最喜欢苹果。四、疑问句之反意疑问句 1. 反意疑问句的特点1)反意疑问句是由两部分构成的：前一部分是对事物的陈述，后一部分是简短的提问。即“陈述句+附加疑问句”。2)反意疑问句前后两部分必须遵循的原则是“三同一反”，即：人
21、称相同，动词相同，时态相同，前肯后否，前否后肯。如： Mary is a worker，isnt she? 玛丽是工人，是不是? You wont go to the Summer Palace tomorrow，will you? 明天你不去颐和园，是吗？2. 反意疑问句的答语 对反意疑问句的回答，不管问题的提法如何，若事实是肯定的，就用yes回答；若事实是否定的，就用no回答。注意在“前否后肯”的反意疑问句的答语中，yes意为“不”，no意为“是”。如：He isnt going to the meeting，is he? 他不去参加会议，是吗？ Yes，he is. 不，他要去。No，h
22、e isnt. 对，他不去3. 常考的反意疑问句 初中阶段常考的反意疑问句有以下几种： 1)There be句型构成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句的主语应用there。如： ()There is a cat under the chair，isnt it? ()There is a cat under the chair，isnt there? 2)如果陈述句中含有表示否定意义的词，如never，hardly，few，little等，在构成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句部分需用肯定式。如： I could hardly see the bird in the sky，could I? 我几乎看不见空中的鸟
23、，对吗？ Jims never seen such a wonderful football match before，has he? 吉姆以前从没看过一场如此精彩的足球赛，是吗？ 【注意】若陈述句部分含有带否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，impossible，untrue，dislike 等，应把陈述句看作肯定句，构成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句用否定式。如： He dislikes volleyball，doesnt he? 他不喜欢排球，是不是？ Jenny looks unhappy today，doesnt she? 今天珍妮看起来不高兴，是不是？ 3)祈使句之后的附加疑问句 一般祈使
24、句之后的附加疑问句常用“will you? ”或“wont you? ”。例 Dont make so much noise，Lily， ? A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont she 否定祈使句之后的附加疑问句应用“will you? ”。 C 以lets 开头的祈使句的附加疑问句常用“shall we? ”，以let us开头的祈使句的附加疑问句常用“will you? ”。 例 Lets go to the cinema to see a film， ? A. will youB. shall we C. wont youD. dont y
25、ou 以lets开头的祈使句的附加疑问句用“shall we? ”。 B4)主从复合句构成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句部分通常与主句在主谓上保持一致；如果主从复合句为“I(dont)think/believe+宾语从句”，附加疑问句应与宾语从句在主谓上保持一致。如： I think Tom runs fastest of all，doesnt he? 我认为在所有人中汤姆跑得最快，对吗？ 例1Would you please help me with my writing skills? . You can come to my office every Saturday. A. Thats al
26、l right B. Not at all C. No problem D. No，thanks 例2Which would you like，Coke or tea? . I prefer coffee. A. Neither B. Both C. Either D. None 例 3Hes never been to Canada before， ? Sorry，I dont know. A. is he B. has he C. isnt he D. hasnt he例 4You come from England，dont you? . I come from a small town
27、 near London. A. No，I doB. No，I dont C. Yes，I amD. Yes，I do【答案详解】例1 CThats all right“没关系”；Not at all“不用谢”；No problem“没问题”；No，thanks“不，谢谢”。根据You can come to my office every Saturday. 可知“可以帮忙”。例2 A本句为选择疑问句，在问句中提供了Coke与tea，而答语中只出现了coffee，由此可判断这里是对两者的否定，故用neither。 例3 B句意：“他以前从来没有去过加拿大，是吗? ”“抱歉，我不知道。”此题考
28、查反意疑问句，要遵循“前否后肯”原则，因为前面有否定词never，且前面的s是has的缩写。例4 D这里是“前肯后否”的反意疑问句，根据答语第二句句意“我来自伦敦附近的一个小镇”可知，我的确是从英国来的，与上文事实相符，故用Yes，I do. 回答。1.Is the girl in red your friend? . She is learning Chinese now. A. Yes，it isB. Yes，he isC. Yes，she isD. Yes，she does2. He can hardly stay awake because he is so tired， ? A. i
29、s heB. isnt he C. cant heD. can he3.Bill，does your sister have brown hair or red hair? . She takes after my mother. A. Yes，she does B. No，she doesnt C. Brown hair D. I dont know4. will the 2019 Summer Olympic Games be held in Brazil? In August. A. WhenB. HowC. Why D. Where5.You didnt find the owner
30、of the books，did you? . So I gave them to our teacher. A. No，I didB. Yes，I didntC. No，I didntD. Yes，I did6. angry Kangkang looks! What happened? He found his mother reading his diary when he returned home yesterday. A. HowB. WhatC. What an【答案详解】1 C 句意：“穿红衣服的女孩是你的朋友吗? ”“是的，她正在学汉语。”回答时用人称代词she代替上文中的gi
31、rl。故选C。2 D句意：他因为太累几乎醒不过来，是吗? 主句中有情态动词can并有hardly(是含有否定意味的副词)，属于前否定后肯定，故选D。3 C 句意：“比尔，你姐姐的头发是棕色的还是红色的? ”“棕色的。她和我的妈妈相像。”选择疑问句不能用Yes或No来回答，可以从问句的两个供选项中选择其一进行回答。故选C。4 A 句意：“2019年夏季奥林匹克运动会什么时候将在巴西举行? ”“在八月份。”when什么时候；how“怎么样”，询问方式；why为什么；where在哪里。根据答语“在八月份”知选A。5 C 句意：“你没有找到书的主人，是吗? ”“是的，我没找到。因此我把书交给我们的老师
32、了。”A、B两项结构错误，故首先排除。No，I didnt是的，我没有找到；Yes，I did不，我找到了。在回答反意疑问句时，不管问题的提法如何，都应根据事实来回答，就该题来说，根据横线后可判断出，没有找到书的主人。故选C。6 A 句意：“康康看起来多么生气啊! 怎么了? ”“昨天他回到家时，发现他的妈妈正在看他的日记。”在感叹句中what修饰名词；how修饰形容词或副词。句中的angry是形容词。故选A。 回顾一下，本节课你是否获得了新的知识了呢？ 总结一下，本节课带给你哪些收获？ 能力提升 单项选择1. _ do you usually go to school, Simon?By bi
33、ke. A. When B. How C. What D. Where2. Jim had nothing for breakfast this morning, _?_. He got up too late.A. had she; Yes B. hadnt he; Yes C. did he; No3. _does your father go to see your grandmother?Once a month.A. How long B. How soon C. How often4. _ is the street crowded with so many people? Bec
34、ause they are waiting to watch the boat races. A. Why B. Where C. How D. Who 5. Theres little important news in the newspaper today, _? A. isnt there B. is there C. is it D. are there6. film do you prefer, Lost in Thailand or Life o Pi, made?Lost in Thailand. I like comedies because they often make
35、me, laugh.A. What B. WhateverC. Whose D. Which7. _ model plane is this?I think its Jims. Look，his name is on it. A. Who B. What C. Whose D. Where8. What brought joy to Linda just now?_. ?A. Received a gift B. She received a giftC. Receiving a gift D. Because she received a gift9. _ can you finish th
36、is English exam?In about one and a half hours.A. How far B . How often C. How soon D. How long10. Tony,_ are you in such a hurry?The meeting will start soon. I dont want to be late.A. where B. how C. when D. why11. _ does your cousin go to the gym? Twice a week.A. How long B. How often C. How soon12
37、. do you go to the library?Once a week.A. How often B. How long C. How far D. How soon13. do you know so much about the UFO?I usually get the information by surfing the Internet.A. How B. What C. Which D. Where14._apples do we need to make fruit salad? Let me think We need three apples. A. How long
38、B. How often C. How much D. How many15. _ have you been married? For twenty years A. How far B. how often C. how long D. how soon 16. will Mrs. Lin go to Germany? To see her daughter there.A. How B. When C. Why D. What17. Youd better_ here _ the heavy rain. A. not to leave; because B. not leave; bec
39、ause C. not leave; because of18. Its Fathers Day, ?Yes. Lets buy a gift for Dad.A. isnt it B. doesnt it C. isnt he D. doesnt he 19. She has never been to the city, she?A. doesnt B. hasnt C. has20. He hasnt watched the movie “ So Young”, has he? _. He told me its very moving and interesting, hed like
40、 to watch it again. A. Yes, he has B. Yes, he hasnt C. No, he hasnt D. No, he has【答案详解】1 B 考查疑问词的用法。when什么时候, how怎样, what什么, where在哪里。答句中的by bike是一种方式, 因此问句意为“你通常怎样上学, 西蒙”, 所以选择B。2 C考查反意疑问句的用法。由nothing可知前半句否定句，故附近部分用肯定句，故排除B。本句为一般过去时，故用助动词did。故选C.3 C 考查特殊疑问词的用法。how long 多久；how soon 多旧；how often多久一次；根据句意 “你的父亲多久去看一次你的奶奶？”“一个月一次。根据答语Once a month询问的是频率，故选C。4 A考查疑问词的辨析。四个选项中，只有why符合句意“为什么街上有这么多人？因为他们在等着看龙舟赛。”。所以选择答案A。5 B考查反义疑问句的用法。反义疑问句的规则是 “前肯后否”或者是“前否后肯”题干中的little具有否定意义，所以选“前否后肯”，答案 B。6 D考查疑问词的用法。What“什么”，通常对物提问，无限定范围；w