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1、 all of them were killed,some were taken to Britain to improve the environment of the beautiful park which belonged to the Duke of Bedford.He liked them so much that he took them all the way from China to Britain.The Milu deer liked the cool,wet weather in England and their number increased year by
2、year.As a result,when in 1985 the government of China wanted to reintroduce the Milu deer,the Duke of Bedford was happy to help.The first deer came back to China to the Nanhaizi Milu Park 20 kilometers south of Beijing and the centre in Dafeng,Jingsu Province. The deer centainly seem happy to be bac
3、k in China because their numbers have grown rapidly.There are now so many of them that a new park has been opened for them in Hebei Province.At the moment the Milu deer live in centres where they are being well protected and care for .It is hoped that one day there will be enough animals to let them
4、 live in the wild again.So Britain helped China by bringing back an animal that had disappeared from its homeland.This is a good example of friendship and understanding between these two countries.Unit 5The band that wasntHave you ever wanted to be part of a band as a famous singer or musicians? Hav
5、e you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music? Do you sing Karaoke and pretend you are a famous singer like Song Zuying or Liu Huan? To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famo
6、us. But just now do people form a band?Many musicians meet and form a band because they like to write and play their own music.They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practising their music in someones house is the first step to fame. Sometimes they may play to passers-by in the
7、street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to pay for their instruments. Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash. Of course they hope to make records in a studio and sell millions of copies to become millionaires!However, ther
8、e was one band that started in a different way. It was called the Monkees and began as a TV show. The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. The TV organizer had planned to find four musicians who could act as well as sing. T
9、hey put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians, but they could only find one who was good enough. They had to use actors for the other three members of theband.As some of these actors could not sing well enough, they had to rely on other musicians to help them. So during the broa
10、dcasts they just pretended to sing. Anyhow their performances were humorous enough to be copied by other groups. They were so popular that their fans formed clubs in order to get more familiar with them. Each week on TV, the Monkees would play and sing songs written by other musicians. However, afte
11、r a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band. Then they produced their own records and started touring and playing their own music. In the USA they became even more popular than the Beatles and sold even more
12、 records. The band broke up about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid-1980s. They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band.Freddy the frog（）Not long after Freddy and the band became famous, they visited Britain on a brief tour. Fans showed the
13、ir devotion by waiting for hours to get tickets for their concerts . Freddy was now quite confident when he went into a concert hall. He enjoyed singing and all the congratulations afterwards! His most exciting invitation was to perform on a TV programme called “ Top of pops “. He had to go to Londo
14、n, wear an expensive suit and give a performance to a TV camera. It felt very strange. But as soon as the programme was over, the telephones which were in the same room started ringing. Everybody was asking when they could see Freddy and his band again. They were truly stars.Then things went wrong.
15、Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed. Even when they wore sunglasses or beards people recognized them. Fans found them even when they went into toilet. They tried to hide in the reading rooms of libraries, but it was useless. Someone was always there! Their personal l
16、ife was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they close friends. At last feeling very upset and sensitive, Freddy and his band realized that they must leave the country before it became too painful for them. So they left Britain, to which they were never to return, an
17、d went back to the lake.必修三Unit 1Festivals and celebrationsFestivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather,planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunter
18、s had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Todays festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Festivals of the Dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead o
19、r satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico,
20、 people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early Novemver. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirit
21、s of dead people. It is now a childrens festival, when they can dress up an go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweers, the children might play a trick on them.Fetivals to Honour PeopleFestivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat F
22、estival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain Indias independece from Britain.Harvest Festivals
23、Harvest and Thanksgiving festival can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. So
24、me people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes.Spring FestivalsThe most energetic and important festivals are te ones that look forward t
25、o the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumpings ifsh and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals , and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting ca
26、rnicals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Chiristians around the world. It celebrates t
27、he return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japans Cherry Blossom Festical happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals
28、 let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget ou work for a little while.A Sad Love StoryLi Fang was heart-broken. It was Valetines Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. But she didnt turn up. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him. She s
29、aid she would be there at seven o clock, and he thought she would keep her word. He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alon with his roses and chocolates, like a fool. Well, he ws not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would电镀车间生产线技改项目资金申请报告项目申请单位：某市同利源电气设备有限公司项
30、目负责人：xxx项目联系人：xxx联系电话：xxxxxx联系手机：159xxxx077编制日期：二OO九年八月目 录第一章 项目建设的意义和必要性31.1项目概况31.2项目背景及来源31.3项目建设意义41.4项目建设必要性5第二章 发展规划、产业政策、行业准入和市场分析62.1发展规划分析、产业政策分析、行业准入分析62.2市场风险62.3项目风险分析及控制6第三章 项目技术基础73.1项目技术概述73.2产品特点7第四章 项目建设方案124.1项目的产能规模124.3建设地点124.4建设工期和进度安排164.5建设期管理164.6主要建设条件落实18第五章 技术方案、设备方案和工程方案
31、195.1主要技术方案195.2生产设备配置245.3工程方案295.4工程招投标29第六章 投资估算与资金筹措316.1投资估算的范围316.2投资估算的依据316.3投资估算的计价原则316.4投资估算336.5资金筹措34第七章 环境保护、资源综合利用与原材料供应、35节能及外部配套条件357.1环境保护357.2资源综合利用与原材料供应367.3节能专篇377.4外部配套条件37第八章 项目法人基本情况398.1企业的基本情况398.2企业的财务状况398.3项目负责人情况408.4控股股东及主要股东情况40第九章 经济评价419.1基础数据与参数419.2财务评价419.3改造前后经
32、济指标简表469.4社会经济效益简述469.5财务经济分析结论47附图：总平面图附件：1 企业投资项目备案（或核准）的批准文件2 项目自有资金和自筹资金的证明材料2.1 企业自有资金证明2.2 银行贷款承诺函2.3 企业自筹资金证明3 项目法人近三年经营状况3.1 2006年审计报告3.2 2007年审计报告3.3 2008年审计报告3.4 2006年纳税证明3.2 2007年纳税证明3.3 2008年纳税证明4 环保部门出具的项目环评文件5 城市规划部门出具的城市规划选址意见6 国土资源部门出具的项目用地预审意见7 项目的设备采购清单8 项目单位法人证书（企业法人营业执照）9 项目真实性声明
33、10 其他相关证明文件（视具体情况需要）10.1 项目开工情况说明10.2 某市高新技术企业证书10.3 某市市级企业技术中心证书第一章 项目建设的意义和必要性1.1项目概况某市同利源电气设备有限公司系列生产的电气设备以及电镀元器件包含着大量的节能减排技术改造内容。公司于2009年5月组织各类专业技术人员、专家、学者对公司进行全面的评估论证，对可技改的项目进行综合评判分析。经专家的讨论，一致认为可以在三个方面进行全面的节能减排技术改造，实现技术的新跨越。具体为：1、电镀生产线技术改造项目；2、电镀生产污水处理系统技术改造项目；3、电网系统净化技术改造项目。通过（1）、（2）两个项目的技改达到节
34、电、节水、减少污染，提高技术含量和产品合格率的目的。通过对（3）电网系统净化改造，达到改善电能质量、降低电能损耗，提高配供电能力的目的。1.2项目背景及来源1.2.1本项目之一电镀生产线技术改造：使用传统的电镀生产工艺流程为：超声波除油电解除油电镀氰化铜镀铜酸铜镀镍六价镀铬。其流程机械化程度低，大量使用人工操作，严重影响产品合格率，而且耗电、耗水。尤其是使用有氰电镀，造成对人体的伤害，大量污水的直接排放，影响和污染环境。因此，技改的任务迫在眉捷。1.2.2本项目之二电镀生产污水处理系统技术改造：传统的电镀污水处理方法，使用化学药剂废水混合处理，这样不仅要投加大量的化学药剂，形成大量的污泥，容易
35、造成二次污染，同时各类废水混合后，无法针对各种污染物进行有效的处理，使得排放水很难实现稳定达标排放，而且处理后的水直接排放，浪费了大量的水资源。1.2.3本项目之三电网系统净化技术改造：随着电力电子技术的发展和广泛应用，供电系统中增加了大量的非线性负载，引起了电网电流、电压波形的崎变，高次谐波显著增加，成为电网中的“公害”。结合实际对低压配电室谐波电压、电流及分布进行了实测，我公司采用动态混合有源滤波器进行改造的方案。1.3项目建设意义 某市同安区人民政府关于某市同安区2007年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2008年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告中指出2008年工作重点是贯彻落实党的十七
36、大精神，扎实推进同安经济社会又好又快、大跨越发展的一年，本年度的工作指导思想是：抢抓机遇，加大力度，快速推动环东海域综合整治建设和同安工业集中区拓展的开发建设，通过工业发展，带动人流、物流、资金流，推动经济跨越发展，带动同安繁荣。以工业的快速发展，壮大第三产业，加快农村的工业化、城市化进程。本项目的建设不仅符合国家产业政策鼓励的投资方向，部分满足国内市场的需求。，而且节能减排促进环保。国家发展和改革委员会副主任张晓强在中国发展高层论坛建设节约型社会国际研讨会上指出，中国政府将全面推进节约能源、原材料、水、土地等资源和资源综合利用工作，深入开展节能降耗工作，大力提高能源利用效率，为加快中国节约型
37、社会建设、促进全球节能和环境保护不断做出新的贡献。本项目对周边需电镀加工企业实行节能降耗将起着很大的推动作用。1.4项目建设必要性2007年8月8日成立的某市同安工业集中区管委会管理机构，为的促进企业投产投建为主要任务。同安工业集中区的开发建设是贯彻落实科学发展观的重要实践，是推动海峡西岸经济区建设的重要举措，是市委、市政府坚持“四谋发展”的真实写照，是我市又好又快推进新一轮跨越式发展的精彩缩影。本项目正是遵循国家有关法规及及同安工业集中区规划和要求，确保“三废”处理满足国家有关环境保护的规定，外排废水、废气、废渣达到国家和当地环保排放要求，避免造成二次污染；本项目在三个方面进行全面的节能减排
38、技术改造，实现技术的新跨越。具体为：1、电镀生产线技术改造项目，2、电镀生产污水处理系统技术改造项目，3、电网系统净化技术改造项目。通过（1）、（2）两个项目的技改达到节电、节水、减少污染，提高技术含量和产品合格率的目的。通过对（3）电网系统净化改造，达到改善电能质量、降低电能损耗，提高配供电能力的目的。据以上三个项目的效益分析，完成技改后，公司每年将直接受益1395万元，四年回收投资成本，公司将连续受益十年的时间。据统计直接效益达2082.1万元。二是高新技术产生间接效益。采用高新技术可以最大程度地减轻工人的劳动强度，创造轻松的劳动环境；可以提高产品的合极率，以此增加企业的效益。三是提升公司
39、的水平和形像。全高新科技的生产水平，能使客户刮目相看，为公司在竞争林立的市场中“一枝独秀”。这样将使公司最大程度占领市场份额，为此同样使公司产生巨大的间接效益。第二章 发展规划、产业政策、行业准入和市场分析2.1发展规划分析、产业政策分析、行业准入分析本项目的建设符合国家产业政策，生产工艺及装备、污染物产生指标等指标达到二级国内清洁生产先进水平，有利于企业和地方经济的发展。本项目选址符合同安区分区规划。2.2市场风险本项目电镀生产技改主要是为企业自身服务，企业年产镀锌接线鼻50万个/年，镀锌铜接头50万个/年，高低压开关柜、设备小型配件及外加工五金件镀铜、镀镍、镀铬100万件/年。年电镀量已到
40、达产能的60%，超过35.01%的盈亏平衡点。企业所在地同安工业集中区，是机械电子、服装鞋帽、皮革化纤、有色金属、运动器械、塑料制品等多产业兼容的综合性产业基地。电镀厂家较少，存有大量的潜在用户。在服务本地区的同时，仍然可以向周边地区辐射，故企业风险较小。2.3项目风险分析及控制2.3.1市场主要的风险是原、辅材料的价格的不稳定因素，如铜板价格市场价为3.5万元/吨，最高价时曾到达9万元/吨。随着国家宏观调控，经济发展向好，价格趋于平稳。控制的办法是，加强管理，节约原料。提高质量，减少残、次品。2.3.2市场电镀加工价格的不稳定因素，目前部分企业产能不足，利润萎缩，导致市场的整体价格下降。控制
41、的办法是，提高产品质量，扩大市场范围。薄利多销，稳定利润。2.3.3人的不稳定因素，操作工人的技能直接影响的加工的质量。控制的办法是，加操作工人的技能培训，提高产品的产量和质量。第三章 项目技术基础3.1项目技术概述3.1.1电镀生产线技术改造：企业内电镀工件主要为铜接头、接线鼻、高低压开关设备小型配件及外加工五金件，电镀工艺过程大致相同，电镀均采用无氰电镀工艺，本项目镀件次品率仅为1，且镀件体积较大，不进行退镀。3.1.2电镀生产污水处理系统技术改造：引进某市威士邦膜科技有限公司的电镀废水治理膜法中水回用工艺技术，采用分质分流治理的先进理念，结合膜分离这一最新技术，3.1.3电网系统净化技术
42、改造：从低压小容量的家用电器到大容量的工业变流装置的广泛应用，引起了电网电流、电压波形的畸变，高次谐波显著增加，成为了电网中的“公害”。这些非线性负载产生高频谐波有3次、5次、7次、9次等更高次，而在这些高次谐波中，对于工业用户，5次、7次，11次、13次成为最大含量的谐波分布。如果供电系统长期处于这种运行状况，将可能导致变压器过热故障，能量损耗增加，功率因素降低;干扰电子设备(UPS、发电机、电容)，造成电能和设备利用率不足，出现过流、过压、过热，绝缘老化现象，最终导致整个电网处于一个不安全的运行状态。通过采用动态混合有源滤波器进行改造的方案，可以减少上述的不足，极大改善企业电网的安全性，有
43、效的节约电能。3.2产品特点3.2.1 公司经过多方考察对比，在评判多种电镀生产工艺流程技术后，经与深圳市荣信机械设备有限公司合作，对电镀生产线进行实质性技术改造。采用超声波除油电解除油无氰镀铜镀铜酸铜镀镍三价镀铬的国内先进生产工艺，在国内率先采用欧洲标准。技改后的生产线实现电脑主控的全自动生产，大量节省人工操作，最大程度地提高工作效率和产品合格率，实现节电40%、节水70%，体现了最佳的社会与经济效益。3.2.2 公司经过综合考察对比了多种电镀废水处理工艺技术后，决定引进某市威士邦膜科技有限公司的电镀废水治理膜法中水回用工艺技术。威士邦公司的电镀废水治理膜法中水回用工艺技术是该公司自主开发设
44、计的一个全新工艺技术，采用分质分流治理的先进理念，并结合膜分离技术这一最新技术，不仅可实现电镀废水的有效治理稳定达标排放，而且还可回收大量的水资源，对保护周边环境起到积极的作用，并可大大缓解本地区的用水紧张问题。3.2.3经技改后的电网体现以下提点：(1) 改善电能质量。电网净化装置能全面改善电网质量，能滤除电网谐波，补偿无功，防止电网串并联谐振，防止电压波动和闪变，提高设备运行的可靠性，减少事故率，减少电器设维修费用和维修时间。(2) 降低电能损耗。由于补偿了谐波电流和无功电流，使变压器和输电栽路的电流减少，变压器和输电线路的损耗减少，节能约10%.(3) 提高配供电能力。进行谐波补偿后，功
45、率因数由0.8提高到0.95，谐波电流由22.8%下降到接近于零，使变压器的实际负荷大大下降，有更大的供电富裕能力。3.3主要技术参数测试工具为FULKE4 3B型电能质量分析仪。测试对象为变压器(S10一1u一1000/10型号，1000kVA,10/0.4 k V,DY nI1)。非线性负载共计6台，功率为550 kW。现场实测技术数据见表1。表1中的数据表明，谐波电流超过国家标准3倍以上。本方案技改采用动态混合有源滤波器。动态有源滤波器性能优越，无源滤波器虽然存在一定缺点，两者有机结合，则会在技术、价格、性能指标、工作效率等方面有明显的优势。无源滤波器和有源滤波器容量比例，取决于负载的种
46、类、补偿的目的、负载谐波的特点。一般情况，混合滤波器在采用了无源滤波器后，有源滤波器主要用来补偿无源滤波器没有补偿的其他次谐波电流，其中较大的是3次谐波电流及少量的其它次谐波电流。无源滤波器容量占整个滤波容量的70%一80%，有源滤波器容量占整个滤波容量的20%一30%。动态混合有源滤波器采用并联有源滤波器与无源滤波器串联的混合滤波器系统(见图1)。图 1 动态混合有源滤波器系统动态混合有源滤波中无源滤波器的多目标优化设计的主要原则如下:(1)系统的L,C参数必须满足不产生串、并联谐振的要求;(2)系统运行后，基波无功容量应满足系统无功补偿的要求;(3)系统运行后，电网的谐波含量应符合国家标准
47、(GB/T14549一93);(4)考虑背景谐波，一般将各次谐波电流加大10% ;(5)确定电网频率的最大正负偏差量，选择合适的调谐锐度(Q值);(6)各次单调谐滤波器的Q值相等。对于无源电力滤波器参数的优化，单凭一项指标难以*价其设计质量的优劣，在实际的工程设计中应考虑多个指标。本改造方案中采用遗传算法对混合电力滤波器的L,C参数进行优化设计，全面的考虑动态混合有源滤波器的谐波滤波、无功补偿、谐振和成本等综合问题。3 动态混合有源滤波器容量计算根据现场测试的无功功率因数及总谐波电流，确定谐波滤波及无功补偿的容量。由于变压器的负载大小在实际负荷波动时总是变化的，三相负载的谐波电流、谐波电压、功
48、率因数也是变化的，测试记录的数据只是一个瞬间数据，是一个典型值。考虑到变压器所带负载中有部分负载在测试时没有投人运行，且负载变化时电流、功率有进一步增加的可能，据此，在数据计算时考虑一定的负荷变化系数，以1.35倍数据进行计算。由于均为三相平衡负载，所以只以A相数据进行计算。即:A相 总 电 流:528A x 1 .35 = 713AA相 基 波 电流:514Ax1.35=694AA相 谐 波 电流:713A x 2 2.8%=163AA相 有 功 电流:694A x O .80 = 555AA相 无 功 电流:/6942一5552= 4 17A变压 器 供 出的总容量:3x 2 2 9. 5 V x 7 13 A = 490 kVA负载 的 有 功容量:3x 2 29 . 5 V x 55 5 A = 382 kW