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1、全焊接锻钢管线球阀阀体焊缝免热处理说明我公司生产的全焊接锻钢管线球阀的焊接工艺均按ASME 第IX卷进行工艺评定（PQR），根据工艺评定制定详细的焊接作业工艺指导书（WPS）。残余应力是焊接结构不可避免的问题。在碳素结构钢接头中，残余应力可以达到焊缝材料的屈服强度水平。由于A105钢是含合金量低、屈服点低、塑性良好的锻钢，采用S2OP122焊接材料匹配，其接头的屈服点仍可能达400MPa以上。实测的残余应力峰值往往在350MPa以上。当接头厚度大于38mm以上时，一般要求采用热时效工艺。由于碳素结构钢在焊接时，特别采用埋弧焊，其氢脆问题和热脆性问题不敏感，故热时效的目标主要是降低残余应力。因此
2、免热处理时效工艺设计的任务是建立一个能形成低残余应力接头的工序。阀体主焊缝采用两条平行对称的环形焊缝结构，焊接坡口采用窄间隙埋弧焊，大大减少焊接截面积，使焊缝的熔敷金属量减少，严格控制焊接热输入量，其热输入量远比普通埋弧焊明显减少，焊后应力及热影响区显著减少，严格控制焊前预热、焊中控制层间温度，焊接材料严格控制碳当量，使焊后阀体仍然有较好的冲击韧性和强度要求。为尽可能减小焊后应力，我公司参照IGC-CODE1993液化天然气储罐消应力规范，把递增式水压去应力技术作为消应力的一道工序（伴随强度试验进行）。通过该工序可以明显减少焊接区域的应力。具体技术指标见下图：焊接阀门水压试验机械消应力的效果采
3、用递增式水压去应力技术比其它公司采用的超声波去应力的优点在于超声波去应力的有效范围只有在阀体表面的4mm范围内有效，不能见减小焊接深部的应力，而递增式水压去应力技术可以通过水压对桶体的机械扩张作用，使整个桶体的全壁厚都能有效降低焊接应力。通过水压加载形成的工作应力与残余应力叠加，接头的高应力部位首先发生塑性变形，压力卸载后，残余应力分布重新调整，峰值残余拉应力下降；消应力效果与原始残余应力水平及水压试验的工作应力水平相当。缺口张开钝化的保护区效应：原缺口及缺陷是应力集中部位，加载时，其尖锐部位由于应力集中使实际应力倍增，缺口前方按应力集中场分布形成了一个呈叶芽状的塑性变形区，并使缺口张开；卸载
4、后，缺口的张开量由于塑性变形而保留，缺口的钝化使应力集中系数下降，又由于其周围塑性变形区的拉应力松弛，形成一个低应力甚至压应力保护区。其保护区的大小及形态与原始缺口的形貌及加载的程序相关。为验证焊接工艺的正确性，我公司进行多次工艺试验，并按ASME IX 进行工艺评定，焊缝符合NACE MR0175要求的油田设备的抗硫化应力腐蚀金属材料的要求。通过焊接专家组进行了科学全面的工程评估，参考API 1104管道与相关设施的焊接标准附录A和挪威船级社的DNV-OS-C401标准Fabrication and testing of offshore structures对焊接接头免焊后热处理的验收标准
5、，根据金属材料弹塑性断裂力学理论，按BS7448 Part2标准Fracture Mechanics Toughness Test进行焊接接头裂纹尖端张开位移试验（CTOD），准确评价焊接接头韧性，充分论证了在项目组制定的焊接规范下，阀体焊接可以免焊后热处理证明我公司的焊接工艺能满足焊后免热处理。因此，专家组一致同意，项目组所制定的阀体材料采购规范、焊接材料、焊接工艺规范可应用于阀体材料为A105锻件的全焊接阀体球阀的生产，可免焊后热处理。具体技术指标见下表：A105钢焊接接头的CTOD试验结果（单位：mm）c0.05mHAZ0.1970.240.53WM0.1960.230.91其中HAZ的
6、启裂点CTOD值c直接测量获得，临界CTOD值0.05用多试样CTOD试验回归线与裂纹扩展量0.05mm垂直线的交点确定，突进点的CTOD值m由试验直接测量获得。焊缝的启裂点CTOD值c和临界CTOD值0.05用用多试样CTOD试验回归线与裂纹扩展量0.00mm及0.05mm垂直线的交点确定，突进点的CTOD值m由试验直接测量获得。根据DNV-OS-C401（挪威船级社）标准，CTOD值大于0.15mm为合格。开发工艺接头的实测c皆大于0.15mm，表明接头可以在不进行热时效处理的情况下使用。另外， API1104管道与相关设施的焊接标准附录A给出了CTOD值分别为0.005in（0.1225
7、mm）和0.01in(0.245mm)时缺陷尺寸与许用应变的关系图，见图7-9。图中也给出接头实测的最低CTOD值0.197mm（约0.008in）的曲线。图7-9 不同CTOD值的相关缺陷尺寸与最大许用应变的关系图图7-9给出了接头具体的安全判据，当缺陷尺寸小于0.15in(3.675mm)时，接头的最大许用应变可达0.005(即5000)；按额定工作压强的1.5倍计算，最大主应力为153MPa，折算应变为728(即0.000728)，按CTOD=0.008mm考虑，最大缺陷尺寸限为0.43in，相当于10.5mm。由于阀门焊接按JB4730-94的级压力容器要求执行，缺陷尺寸远低于0.15
8、in(3.675mm)，可以确认接头具有相当高的安全裕度，同时也进一步确认免热时效工艺的可靠性。免热处理安全评定报告虽然是针对A105材料的，但我公司由于焊后免热处理的需要，公司对其化学成分的控制要求完全相同，即碳当量：0.385%；含碳量：0.2%，我公司对LF2补充进行焊接评定，采用同样的焊接参数，试验时增加了-46冲击韧性试验，符合LF2 标准规定要求。根据ASME 第IX卷QW-422 ,A105和LF2的均为P No1组号2，根据ASME 第IX卷QW-420描述“同P-NO可以共用一个工艺评定”，所以A105和LF2都可免焊后热处理。焊接后焊缝根据ASME第VIII卷进行超声波探伤
9、缺陷验收标准符合ASME 卷VIII，第1分册，附录12（或JB4730的级压力容器要求执行）。（英文版 ） easily blame, to prevent the broken window effect. Supervise the leading cadres to play an exemplary role, take the lead in the strict implementation of the and , lead to safeguard the solemnity and authority of the party discipline, ensure that
10、 the party discipline and the laws and regulations for implementation in place. Throughout the discipline in the daily supervision and management, strengthen supervision and inspection, from the thorough investigation of violations of discipline behavior. Strengthen to key areas, key departments and
11、 key projects as well as the masses reflect the concentration of the units and departments for supervision. - strengthening supervision, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to set an example for compliance with the and is a man must be hexyl, blacksmith needs its own hardware. Discipline
12、 inspection organs as the executor of the party discipline, and supervisor of the defenders, for its supervision must be more strictly, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to firmly establish the awareness of Party Constitution, sense of discipline and rules consciousness, politics loyal
13、ty, sense obey. Action speak Ji Ordinance to set an example of the regulations of the rule of law, strengthen supervision and accept the supervision of the firmness and consciousness, do comply with and . To firmly establish the discipline must first be disciplined, the supervisor will be subject to
14、 the supervision of concept, and consciously safeguard and implement party compasses party, take the lead in practicing three strict real strict, so loyal, clean, play. To be good at learning, the Constitution and the as morality, politics and brought to fruition; to implement , do not want to, dare
15、 not, not with disciplinary ruler to supervision; to discipline a ruler, often the control inspection, and consciously in the ideological red line to draw the row Ming Good accumulation is indeed the bottom line, so that the heart has fear, said to have quit, the line has ended. Attached: indifferen
16、t to heart, calmly to the table in our life, there are many unpredictable things will happen, some good, some bad things, we cannot control is powerless to stop, but with time, you will find in life sometimes turns out to be not good, some bad things finally turned out to be a good thing, but then w
17、e muddy however did not know, this is the life teach us things. 1, life can be complex, can also be simple. Want simple life of precipitation, to have enough time to reflect, to make Become more perfect. Life is the most important thing is not to win, but the struggle; not to have conquered, but to
18、have fought well. 2, the plain is the background of life. Live a plain life, give up on themselves is not a coward, but the wise answers; not disillusioned after the heart, such as ashes, but experience the storm after the enlightenment; not unrewarding perfunctorily, but calm attitude of life of un
19、restrained self-confidence. Plain living, there is no noise noisy, no earthly troubles, more did not fill in the discontent of desire, some just a calm, a calm. 3, memory of heart will not good things to erase the, life is a When no movie, pain is a beginning, the struggle is a kind of process, deat
20、h is a kind of ending. Give up this giving up is the helpless, do not give up the abandoned, do not give up this giving up is ignorance, do not give up should not give up is persistent. 4, a thing figured is heaven, think impassability is hell. Since the living, to live better. Sometimes we because
21、of too narrow-minded, too care around the chores and penny wise and pound foolish, not worth the candle. Some things to attract trouble and worry, completely depends on how we look at and deal with it. Dont always take everything back to things, and dont get into a blind alley, dont want to face, do
22、nt be narrow-minded. Poke to care, is a kind of open-minded, a free and easy. 5, I am not afraid of others behind me a knife, I afraid to look back and see stab me, is my intention to treat people; I am not afraid of the truth to tell the best friend, Im afraid he turned to it as a joke to tell dont
23、 6, when we are in a positive frame of mind, you will find many good things; and when we are in a negative state of mind, you will find many depressed things; life happy and worry, all is you of life attitude, optimistic, good luck; loss of sink, Eritrea company. When you are in adversity, may wish
24、to change a point of view to think everything over to the good Think, because good mentality decided the fate of the! 7, people are tired, rest; heart tired, calm. Grow up, mature, this society read. Tired and sad, squat down, to their a hug. Because the world no one can sympathize with you, have me
25、rcy on you. You cry, tears is your own; you pain, no one can understand. Then you only tears to smile. 8, each people have youth,Each youth are a story, the life of the world never gets easier, I want what, wish the world all know, as has been the same; now want anything, for fear that others know,
26、or like to lose the same. 9, the heart move, everything in the world is followed by birth, Rangrang, important thing is often the most difficult to open ones mouth, because words will reduce its importance; to let strangers people care about your life in the good things, the original is not easy 10,
27、 do not blame, do not laugh at who, also dont envy who. Like a person is a kind of feeling, not like a person is true. The truth is easy to explain, I feel Is unspeakable. The best travel life is that you in a strange place found a long lost touched. 11, happy life not in the bustling in, and in the
28、 peace of mind; no matter how many grievances, how uncomfortable, and ultimately to heal themselves or their own, others may got you to comfort, but never know your heart is how wanjianchuanxin. 12, maam, like a movie, learn to appreciate, learn to be grateful, learn tolerance, and goodness, helping
29、 others. Instead of accusing the society, as into one; and an exception is better to give than to what 13, dont envy him A sum of, dont lose your life and the life, respectively is: the former is a we experienced cannot escape in a day finally will last minute, while the latter is our persistent, we
30、 want to cherish the memory of those people and things. 14, learn to smile, learn to strong, the world you know so many people, so many people and you are, you cannot change also cant let everyone like you, so also do not want to do. Life is too short to go crazy to love to go to waste, to chase the
31、 dream to regret. 15, when temper, a blessing to go. A wounding elegant people, the key is to control their own emotions. With the mouth is the most stupid behavior. A control negative emotions than a can take a city more powerful water flow slow, language is expensive. People spent two years of tim
32、e to learn to speak, but to spend a few years time to shut up. That is a kind of ability, that is a kind of wisdom. 16, life is not perfect, sometimes, growth is not a cry, not an eyeful of tears, there is no trace of emotion, there is no gleam of hope, no desire, no action, no static, there is only
33、 one kind of downward sinking feeling, sink A murky? 6? 7? 6? 7 sink? 6? 7? 6? 7 toward the bottom of the sink. 17, in some way, do not go, you will not know the other side scenery is beautiful. To you is not good, you do not mind too much, no one has an obligation to you; you learn knowledge, is yo
34、u have weapons, you can start from scratch, but not unarmed; how do you treat people, does not represent how others treat you, if cannot see through this point, only inviting worry. 18, time is like a sponge in the water, as long as you are willing to squeeze, the total water is still there. Every l
35、ife, after the ups and downs The best test of live, to life, survival and continuation, do not stop the struggle in the joys and sorrows of life on the road, so that different soul to bear life beat, acceptance of suffering. 19, indifferent to heart, calmly in table, elegant and comfortable life, do
36、 not take what is so important. The pursuit will be disappointed; to be alive, you will have trouble. Life is the most afraid of what all want to care about, but also what all grasp is not firm, without scenery, separated populations, such as not to desire, all docked in the fate of the end. Why is
37、too rigid, the natural, to go stay not to live, let go of obsession, revel is 20, if the fate of the broken Hopes of sailing, please dont despair, the coast is still, if the fate of the withered petals of the beautiful, please do not sink, the spring is still, life will always be endless trouble, pl
38、ease dont helpless, because they are still alive, is still a dream, the sun still, we still. Lost, keep memories; to get, must work to; but the most important is good to cherish their own. 21, life, select the complex, is to choose the pain; choose a simple, is choose to be happy. The complex world
39、like aSignificance of pride. Hope is the ornate palace, outside people admiring the magnificent, living in the deep knowledge of living it to pay the price. Simple world as a simple log cabin outside ridiculed shabby, the heart is willing to go live to know the joy. Suffering and joy is their own ch
40、oice. 22, learn how to use a single powerful heart, let the past be the past, let the future come. Life is really the end of the end of an eagle is flying wings, life is constantly pursuit. Dont miss to regret, dont wait for old just miss. Time to return, seize every moment, again painstakingly agai
41、n tired also Those struggling to fly. 23, life could not Yimapingchuan, even flat pavement, inevitably there will be a few pieces of roadblocks. Some of the rocks around the past, while others have to move it out. Just move others put the stone is very easy, because the stone from the appearance we
42、can discern; difficult to myself to move away the heart of stone head. Leave time to spend with her, often reflect my heart, so as to remove your heart of stone. 24, everything does not have to be demanding, come to, everything does not have to care about, over the past; failing to do not frown, lau
43、gh it laugh. Results Dont demand, do to; life is a simple, calm and peaceful. Always not to choose their own path and regret, life is like a train, the scenery and then the United States will retreat, the passage of time and encounter will eventually drifting further and further away, before is alwa
44、ys himself. 25, everyone has a weakness, weakness is true humanity. That has no weakness, a shallow person. That people think there is no weakness, mostly false. Life has shortcomings, there are shortcomings is the real life. That no one regret, or childish or numbness or Self deception. It is in to
45、lerance of weakness and so on to accept, people live happily.Hello, everyone! I am a party member. The title of my speech is: study and implement the partys two laws, doing practical play highway. 2015 October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China promulgated the implementation o
46、f the and Chinese Communist Party discipline and punishment regulations. We Heyuan male passers-by to respond positively to the call of the Central Committee of the party, earnestly organize the study party two regulations, truly grasp the essence and gist, and in their respective positions, to hold
47、 the bottom line of the discipline, build a strong ideological line of defense, with the courage to play, the courage to fight tough and fearless spirit, at the crucial moment well to complete the task, with practical action to test the study and implement effect Because of discipline in the * * * *
48、 * * * * * * * story. Here, let me to cast a brick to attract jade, speak about our highway. Highway line section of the road surface transformation project, last year towards the country seized will be seized one of the items. To complete this arduous task, as a project management office director C
49、omrade, keep in mind from the Communist Party membership, recognize and identify the bottom line, strict management, and strict adherence to the quality of the project. He not only set an example, honesty and self-discipline, but also requires the management of all the members of the O.K., do not eat the construction unit one mea