高中英语过去分词作表语和定语课件新人教版必修4.ppt

《高中英语过去分词作表语和定语课件新人教版必修4.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中英语过去分词作表语和定语课件新人教版必修4.ppt（38页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。

1、历年高考题,1. -How are the team playing ? - They are playing well , but one of them _ hurt . A. got B. gets C . are D . were,2. One afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, _ some bananas and visited her cousin. (NMET91 23) A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. writing,过去分词的否定形式：not done,思考： _ in the country,

2、 he found everything in the countryside interesting. Not bringing up Not brought up C. Being not brought up D. Having not brought up,写出下列动词的过去分词: clean- stay- update- study- come- find-,come,found,cleaned,updated,studied,规则: 1.规则动词:a.一般情况加-ed b.以e结尾加-d c.辅音+ y,把变i,再加-ed 2. 不规则动词: P195-197,stayed,过去分

3、词作定语与其它非谓语形式的区别： 1. 过去分词done表示被动和完成； 2. 现在分词的主动式doing表示主动的、正在进行的动作； 3. 现在分词的被动式being done表示被动的、正在进行的动作； 4. 不定式的主动式to do表示一个将要发生的主动动作(有时也可表被动)； 5. 不定式的被动式to be done则表示一个将要发生的被动动作,过去分词作表语 She looked worried. I am interested in the book. Your idea seems good. He was lost in thought. The door remained l

4、ocked.,过去分词作表语,1、作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词,在主-系-表句型中,说明主语所处的一种状态。其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。如: You seem frightened. 你看样子受了惊吓。 2、少数不及物动词(如go, come, set)的过去分词也能作表语,但它们不表示被动意义,只是表示动作完成。 如: They are gone for vacation. 他们度假去了。 注意:要区别“系动词+过去分词(系表结构)” 和 “系动词+过去分词(被动语态)”。 如: A. The library is now closed. 图书馆现在关门了。 B. The lib

5、rary is closed at six. 图书馆经常在六点钟关门。 说明:作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite, very, rather等修饰词。系动词可有多种,表示不同的意义;被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。因此,我们不难看出在上面两句中,A句是系表结构,B句是被动语态,思考：什么是连系动词？ 1、be 动词 2、表示变化的动词:become, get, turn, go, grow等 3、感官动词:look, feel, smell, taste, sound等 4、还有

6、seem, appear, stay, keep, remain, turn out等,有的已成为固定搭配 ： be covered with be lost in thought be caught in the rain be separated from be interested in,被覆盖 陷入沉思 被雨淋 从分离 对感兴趣,3.作表语,例3 NMET1998第23题,Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay,该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to

7、pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.,As we joined the big crowd , I got _ from my friends.( NMET 2001) A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed 2. Cleaning women in the big cities get _ by the hour . ( NMET 98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay,过去分词作表语时与被动语

8、态的区别 作表语时表示主语的特征和所处的状态； 被动语态表示一个动作。 The glass is broken . The glass was broken by my sister. The novel is well-written . The novel is written by Lu Xun.,一、作定语 动词的过去分词作定语时表示动作的被动和完成，单独及物动词的过去分词一般置于被修饰名词前，而过去分词短语则要位于名词之后。过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句

9、中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。 过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。,过去分词作定语,过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。 1、前置定语： 单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。 A类:被动意义: an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。 B类:完成意义: a ret

10、ired teacher 一位退休的教师 They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。 2、后置定语 ：过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如: This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written). 这将是这类小说中写得最好的。 Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to you

11、r party last night? 昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?,EXPERIENCED TALENTED GIFTED HEARD ADDICTED INTERESTED IMPRESSED WRIT,EXPERIENCED TALENTED GIFTED HEARD DREAMT REPORTED MADE L ADDICTED INTERESTED IMPRESSED WRITTEN UNDERSTOOD,EXPERIENCED TALENTED GIFTED HEARD DREAMT REPORTED MADE LOCATED STOLEN ADDICTED IN

12、TERESTED IMPRESSED WRITTEN UNDERSTOOD,EXPERIENCED TALENTED GIFTED HEARD DREAMT REPORTED MADE LOCATED STOLEN ADDICTED INTERESTED IMPRESSED WRITTEN UNDERSTOOD,EXPERIENCED TALENTED GIFTED HEARD DREAMT REPORTED MADE LOCATED STOLEN ADDICTED INTERESTED IMPRESSED WRITTEN UNDERSTOOD,EXPERIENCED TALENTED GIF

13、TED HEARD DREAMT REPORTED MADE LOCATED STOLEN ADDICTED INTERESTED IMPRESSED WRITTEN UNDERSTOOD,The Past Participle used as Attribute and Predicative,pleased,bored,disappointed,satisfied,scared,annoyed,What do “Attribute” and “Predictive” mean? Can you give us some examples?,过去分词作定语,Last Sunday we we

14、nt on an organized trip to the forest. A letter posted today will reach him the day after.,So, 过去分词（短语）作定语， 与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的_关系，且表示该动作_。单个的过去分词作定语，通常置于被修饰词的_，而_作定语，则需置于被修饰词之后。,被动,已经完成,前面,分词短语,个别过去分词做前置定语与后置定语时意义不同。 Can you work out the meanings of these phrases? in the given time with the words give

15、n a wanted person waitresses wanted a concerned look the people concerned,注意：过去分词、现在分词的被动语态和动词不定式的被动语态作定语意义的不同。 Most of the guests invited to the party were her classmates. The shopping centre being built was designed by Mr. Wang. The building to be finished next year will be our new theatre.,在既定的时间

16、内,用所给的单词,被通缉的人,招聘女服务员,关切的表情,有关人士,过去分词作定语，表示分词的动作_, 现在分词的被动语态作定语，表示分词的被动动作_，动词不定式的被动语态作定语，表示动词不定式的被动动作_.,已经完成,正在发生,将要发生,注意：过去分词和现在分词作定语意义的不同。 （P91, Exercise 2),过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有_关系，表示该动作的_或者_; 现在分词作定语与它所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的_关系，表示该动作的_或者_.,动宾,被动,完成,主谓,主动,进行,a falling tree,a fallen tree,boiling water,boiled

17、water,falling leaves,fallen leaves,a flying bird,prepared breakfast,a snow-covered city,The broken window made the house very ugly.,The window which was broken made the house very ugly.,过去分词作定语可以转换为一个定语从句,Where shall we put the flowers gathered this morning?,Where shall we put the flowers which were

18、 gathered this morning?,What is the language that is spoken in Italy?,What is the language spoken in Italy?,Do you know all the artists invited to the party?,Do you know all the artists who were invited to the party?,II. 过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，有被动意味，相当于一个形容词。常用来作表语的过去分词有：interested, excited, impressed,

19、disappointed, bored, delighted, discouraged, drunk, amused, astonished, tired, surprised, pleased, satisfied, worried, married, frustrated, frightened, scared等. e.g. Hearing what he said, we were all deeply impressed. The little boy was very excited at the sight of the tiger.,注意：过去分词作表语和被动语态不同 The g

20、lass is broken. The glass was broken by Jack. 用作表语的过去分词主要表示动作的完成和状态，相当于一个_词。被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句子的主语是动作的_者，后常跟_引导的短语。,形容词,承受,by,注意：过去分词和现在分词作表语的不同意义。 The story is exciting, so you will be excited when you read it. 过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的_, 主语往往是_, 常译为_；现在分词作表语，往往表示主语所具有的_,主语一般是_, 常译成_.,心理状态,人,“感到的”,特征,物,“令人的

21、”,过去分词作定语 a.过去分词作定语 ，具有形容词的性质 。一般说来 ： 单个过去分词作前置定语 : He is a respected leader. 过去分词短语作后置定语 : Young people brought up in the new society cant imagine the bitter life in the old days.,b.作定语时可用定语从句代替 He is a respected leader. = He is a leader _. Young people brought up in the new society cant imagine th

22、e bitter life in the old days. = Yong people _ _ cant imagine the bitter life in the old days.,who is respected,who were brought up in the new society,2.作定语,例2 NMET1997第17题,The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.did not include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing

23、 D. to be first playing,过去 分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。 现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。 所以A是正确的。First played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.,例如： He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。 也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作

24、定语。例如： fallen leaves 落叶 retired workers 退休工人 the risen sun 升起的太阳,Prices of daily goods _through a computer can be lower than store prices.（2002春招） are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying,Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices . ( NMET 2002 ) A. are bought B.

25、bought C. been bought D. buying 2. The first text books _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century .( NMET 94) Having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,过去分词的基本特点 ： 1.从语态 上讲 ：及物动词的过去分词一般表被动 。 2.从时态上讲 ：及物动词的过去分词表示已经完成的动作 ；不及物动词表示完成的意思而非表被动 。,简而言之，过去分词的

26、特点即: The ceiling has fallen down. The letter was written. 3. The glass has been broken.,完成,被动,完成,被动,过去分词与现在分词的区别 过去分词具有_和_之意 现在分词具有_和_之意 作定语的区别 falling leaves fallen leaves 作表语的区别 I am interested in the book. The book is interesting .,被动,完成,主动,进行,进行,完成,被动,主动,1. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, s

27、ounded fantastic at the party that night. （04上海） A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 2. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. （04浙江） A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known,3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South A

28、frica. (90NMET) A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 4. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers _ by her mother. (93上海) buying B. being bought C. were bought D. bought,5. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowl

29、edge. (93上海) being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 6. The computer center,_ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. ( 93NMET) A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened,7. Cleaning women in big cities get _ by the hour. (98NMET) pay B. paying C. paid D. to

30、 pay 8. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. (2001NMET) separated B. spared C. lost D. missed,9. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. （05上海春招） seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 10. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have

31、time to _ before the party. （04全国I） get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change,巩固练习 1. The students, _ at the way the question was put, didnt know how to answer it. being surprised B. surprising C. surprised D. having surprised 2. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a forei

32、gn language came out in the 16th century. (NMET 94) having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,3. Look at the note_ to the door, you will see that someone paid a visit when we are away. pinning B. pinned C. being pinned D. is pinned 4. I was very _ to find all the tickets had been s

33、old out when I got there. disappoint B. to disappoint C. disappointing D. disappointed,5.- A woman was killed. - Where is the body of the _ woman? murder B. murdered C. murdering D. having murdered 6. _ English is as important as _ English. Written; spoken B. Writing; spoke C. To write; speaking D. Written; speaking,Bye-bye!,