1、2022年考博英语-中国科学院考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题His fame proved to be a flash in the panhis first book was popular but he hasnt written anything（ ） since.问题1选项A.innovativeB.descriptiveC.intangibleD.intelligible【答案】A【解析】考察形容词辨析。innovative “创新的”；descriptive “描述的”；intangible “无形的，难以琢磨的”；intelli “容易理解的”。句意：他的名
2、气犹如昙花一现他的第一本书很畅销，但之后再也没有写出有新意的东西。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题There is nothing secret about what were doing; its all perfectly （ ）.问题1选项A.out of sightB.on the airC.on the horizonD.above board【答案】D【解析】考察固定搭配。 “out of sight” 看不见； “on the air” 在播送；“on the horizon” 在地平线上，即将来临的； “above board” 诚实的，光明正大的。句意：我们所做的事没有任何秘密，
3、完全都是光明正大的。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题For a moment he was speechless, still too astonished to（ ） what it all meant, and then he sat heavily and leaned forward, putting his hand down on the summons button.问题1选项A.break downB.search forC.take inD.see after【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。break down “分解，故障”；search for “搜寻”；take in
4、吸收，领会”；see after “照顾，照料”。句意为：他一时说不出话来，仍十分惊讶，不知这一切意味着什么。他心事重重地坐了下来，身子向前倾斜，将手放在传唤按钮上。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题We need someone who has an _ view as the nations chief law enforcement officer.问题1选项A.imaginativeB.impartialC.inquisitiveD.instinctive【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. imaginative 富于想象力的，创新的 B. impartial 公平的，公正的C. inqu
5、isitive 好奇的，爱打听的 D. instinctive 本能的，直觉的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】空格处做定语修饰下文的“view（观点）”，表示我们需要一个有着什么样观点态度的人。由“as the nations chief law enforcement officer（担任国家首席执法官）”可知，空格处应该说的是首席执法官的特点，既然是执法官，就需要是公平、公正的。impartial指平等对待所有人和群体，没有偏见，因此B选项“公平的，公正的”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项imaginative“富于想象力的，创新的”指拥有新想法和有趣想法的能力；C选项inquisiti
6、ve“好奇的，爱打听的”指喜欢问问题，有想知道更多的欲望；D选项instinctive“本能的，直觉的”指与本能有关的或基于本能的，而不是基于思考或训练的；均不能和“law enforcement officer（执法官）”相对应。【句意】我们需要一个有公正态度的人来担任国家首席执法官。5. 单选题The world（ ） credit to Prince Henry, known as Henry the Navigator, for the development of craft that made oceanic exploration possible.问题1选项A.owesB.pa
7、ysC.admitsD.gains【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。owe credit to表示“感激，归功于”。句意为：世界应感谢被称为“航海家亨利”的亨利王子，原因是他发展了海船技术，使远洋航行成为可能。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题We can（ ）broadly between the intention of knowing, and the intention of doing, which correspond roughly to the conventional distinction between pure and applied mathematics.问题1选项A.se
8、parateB.extinguishC.distinguishD.disguise【答案】C【解析】考察动词辨析。separate “隔离”；extinguish “压制”；distinguish “区分”；disguise “伪装”。句意：我们可以大致区分为求知意图和行为意图，大约对应传统观点对纯理论数学和应用数学的区分。选项C符合句意。7. 单选题The habit of travelling by air is becoming more _.问题1选项A.prominentB.prevalentC.prudentD.precious【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. prominent
9、 重要的，显著的 B. prevalent 流行的，普遍存在的C. prudent 谨慎的，慎重的 D. precious 宝贵的，珍贵的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】空格处做表语来说明“The habit of travelling by air（乘飞机旅行的习惯）”正变得怎么样。此处应该是说大家都习惯于乘飞机旅行，这一现象变得越来越普遍。prevalent指在某一特定地点或时期普遍、常见的，因此B选项prevalent“流行的，普遍存在的”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项prominent“重要的，显著的”指某人或某物非常著名或显眼；C选项prudent“谨慎的，慎重的”指具有谨慎的良
10、好判断力；D选项precious“宝贵的，珍贵的”指某物非常有价值，十分重要；均不能和“habit（习惯）”进行搭配。【句意】乘飞机旅行的习惯变得越来越普遍了。8. 单选题Suppose you are there in the museum, with the head-sized smartphone permanently positioned in front of your nose. According to a new study published in Psychological Science this week, you are doing it all wrong. T
11、hat tiny camera you are using to carefully （1） your art viewing experience is actually（2）your art memory, not preserving it.The study,（3）by Fairfield Universitys psychological scientist Linda Henkel, claims that museum goers have worse memories（4）objects and specific object details（5）they used a cam
12、era to record paintings, archeological relics or historical artifacts（6）. Its a phenomenon Henkel calls the “photo-taking impairment effect”.“When people（7）technology to remember for them一counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to（8）to it fully themselvesit can have a negativ
13、e（9）on how well they remember their experiences,” Henkel explains in a description of the study.To reach her conclusion, Henkel（10）an experiment at Bellarmine Art Museum at Fairfield University,（11）she recruited undergraduate students to（12）the institute and take note of specific objects on display.
14、 The subjects could either photograph the items or just observe them it was（13）them. Then the following day, the students memories were tested.The results proved that the camera-happy participants（14）worse than the persons who relied on their simple observation skills.“Research has suggested that th
15、e sheer（15） and lack of organization of digital photos for personal memories discourages many people from accessing and reminiscing about them,” Henkel states.问题1选项A.describeB.memorizeC.documentD.present问题2选项A.impairingB.compilingC.activatingD.adapting问题3选项A.sponsoredB.conductedC.managedD.arranged问题
16、4选项A.toB.inC.forD.by问题5选项A.whereB.whereasC.whenD.how问题6选项A.in advanceB.in essenceC.at handD.on display问题7选项A.rely onB.account forC.lay outD.stick to问题8选项A.viewB.addC.benefitD.attend问题9选项A.suggestionB.impactC.inferenceD.feedback问题10选项A.set upB.put upC.made upD.ran up问题11选项A.whichB.whenC.whereD.as问题12
17、选项A.marchB.tourC.scanD.survey问题13选项A.just forB.far fromC.all aboutD.up to问题14选项A.struggledB.faredC.failedD.recited问题15选项A.volumeB.scaleC.shapeD.size【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C第6题:D第7题:A第8题:D第9题:B第10题:A第11题:C第12题:B第13题:D第14题:B第15题:A【解析】（1）考查动词辨析。describe 描述；memorize 记住；document 记录 ；present呈现出。句意为：事
18、实上，你所用来记录你参展经历的相机正在损坏你的记忆，而不是保持你的记忆。选项C符合句意。（2）考查动词辨析。impair “损伤”；compile “编辑”；activate “激活”；adapte “适应于；改编”。 句意：使用照相机会损坏你的记忆。选项A符合句意。（3）考查固定搭配。sponsored 赞助； conducted 实施，进行；managed管理；arranged 安排。conduct study “实施，进行(研究、实验等)”句意：这项由而进行的研究。（4）考查固定搭配。to 给；in在里面；for对于，为了；by 通过。have a memory for (of) sth
19、表示“对某事的记忆”。句意：他们对所看到物品及物品细节的记忆反而比不用相机记录时还要差。（5）考查关系词辨析。where关系副词，表地点；when关系副词，表时间；how怎样；句意为：当参观博物馆的人们用相机来记录他们所看到的绘画、古迹，以及其他历史文物的时候，他们对所看到物品及物品细节的记忆反而比不用相机记录时还要差。选项C符合句意。（6）考查介词词组辨析。in advance “提前”；in essence “本质上”；at hand “手头”； on display “展示”。句意为：他们使用相机记录博物馆中所展示的绘画、古迹，以及其他历史文物。选项D符合句意。（7）考查动词词组辨析。
20、rely on “依赖”；account for “解释”；lay out “展开”；stick to “坚持”。句意为：人们依赖科技手段来记住所看到的事件。选项A符合句意。（8）考查固定搭配。view 观看，benefit 受益；add to表示“增加”，attend to表示“关注”；句意：人们依赖相机来记住事件，就无须自己来记住了。选项D符合句意。（9）考查名词辨析。suggestion 建议；impact 影响；inference 推理；feedback 反馈； have an impact on “对产生影响”。句意：这会对人们关于其所经历事件的记忆产生负面影响。选项B符合句意。（1
21、0）考查动词词组辨析。set up “建立，安排”；put up “建造，修建”；makeup “组成，化妆”；run up“上涨，增涨”。句意为：Henkel教授在费尔菲尔德大学的一家博物馆安排了一场实验。选项A符合句意。（11）考查关系词辨析。which关系代词；when关系副词，表时间；where关系副词，表地点；as 关系代词。空格所在句是非限制性定语从句，表示“Henkel教授在该大学招募大学生参与实验”。选项C符合要求。（12）考查动词辨析。march “前进，行军”；tour “观光，参观”；scan “扫描”；survey “调查，勘测”。句意：招募大学生参观博物馆并对具体物品
22、进行记录。选项B符合句意。（13）考查固定搭配。just for “仅仅为了”； far from “远远没有达到”；all about “都是关于”；up to “多达，直到，在于，由决定”。句意：这由被试者自己决定。选项D符合句意。（14）考查动词辨析。struggle “挣扎”；fare “进展”；fail “失败”；recite “背诵”。句意：研究结果证明，使用相机的被试者与依靠自己观察技能进行记忆的被试者相比，其记忆成绩更糟。选项B符合句意。（15）考查名词辨析。volume “数量”；scale “尺度”；shape “形状”；size “尺寸”。句意为：研究表明仅仅是用来记录个
23、人经历的数码照片的数量与这些照片缺乏组织性就阻碍了人们对这些信息的提取和回忆。选项A符合句意。9. 单选题Etiquette is not simply an accessory of the rich, used to _ their existing social status, but makes up the very fabric of society.问题1选项A.reinforceB.intensifyC.amplifyD.aggravate【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. reinforce 加强，加固 B. intensify 增强，加剧C. amplify 放大，加强 D
24、 aggravate 加重，使恶化【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】A、B、C、D四个选项都有“加强，增强”的意思。used是过去分词表被动，意为“被用来”，空格处和下文的“social status（社会地位）”构成动宾逻辑，表示礼仪作为富人的附属品来怎么样他们现有的社会地位。既然富人将礼仪作为一种工具，就说明礼仪对他们有利，会使他们现有的社会地位得到加强和巩固。reinforce指加强某事物的力量，使其更强大，因此A选项reinforce“加强，加固”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】B选项intensify“增强，加剧”指使情感或事态在程度或强度上剧烈地增加，不能和“social status（
25、社会地位）”进行搭配；C选项amplify“放大，加强”指增强某事物的声音等强度或在某个陈述中添加细节，不能和“social status（社会地位）”进行搭配；D选项aggravate“加重，使恶化”指使糟糕或不愉快的情况恶化，富人现有的社会地位并不糟糕，不符合题干的语义逻辑。【句意】礼仪不仅是富人的附属品，用来加强他们现有的社会地位，而且是社会结构的组成部分。10. 单选题We are all moved by the （ ） of these poor homeless children.问题1选项A.plightB.situationC.conditionD.circumstance【
26、答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。plight “困境；境况”；situation “（在特定的时间和地方所处的）情况；形势；处境”；condition “（人或物处于）状况；状态，尤指人的健康状态好坏”；circumstance “（与某事或某人有关的）情况，情形，环境，或生活状态，尤指经济状况等，常用复数”。句意：我们都被这些贫穷的、无家可归的孩子的_触动了。根据关键信息poor homeless，可知这些孩子是处于困难之中，因此选项A符合题意。11. 单选题New research by Hillary Pennell and Elizabeth Behm-Morawitz at the
27、 University of Missouri suggests that, at least for women, the influence of superheroes is not always positive. Although women play a variety of roles in the superhero genre, including helpless maiden and powerful heroine, the female characters all tend to be hypersexualized, from their perfect, sed
28、ucing figures to their sexy, revealing costumes. Exposure to this, they show, can impact beliefs about gender roles, body esteem, and self-objectification.Consider, for example, superhero movies like Spider-man or Superman. These action-packed films typically feature a strong, capable, intelligent m
29、an fighting a villainous force. The goal of course is to save humanity, but more often than not there is also an immediate need to rescue a fair lady in distress. The female victim is typically delicate, naive, and defenseless, but at the same time sexy and beautiful. What she lacks in strength and
30、cunning she makes up for in kindness and curves. It is not surprising (or insignificant) that she is often the object of the heros affections.Pennell and Behm-Morawitz argued that exposure to these stereotypic female victims, whose primary appeal is sexual, may lower womens body esteem, heighten the
31、 value they place on body image, and result in less equal gender role beliefs and expectations. However, female characters have come a long way in the superhero genre, and its possible that the antidote to the helpless fair maiden is the competent, commanding superheroine.The X-Men films, for exampl
32、e, feature a number of empowering female characters like Storm, Jean Gray, and Dazzler, each of whom wields a unique special ability and displays impressive cognitive and physical competence. Perhaps exposure to this new generation of female heroines will result in more equal gender beliefs, higher
33、body esteem, and greater prioritization of physical competence over appearance.Still, todays superheroines, like their female victim counterparts, are often unrealistic, sexualized representations of female figures, with large chests, curvy backsides and unattainable hourglass dimensions. Their skin
34、tight outfits underline their sexuality with plunging necklines and bare skin, and many of their names (e. g. , Risque, Mystique, Ruby Summers) connote, shall we say, a slightly less respectable profession than superheroine.Pennell and Behm-Morawitz thus speculated that while todays powerful superh
35、eroines might elevate equal beliefs about gender roles, their sexualized nature might simultaneously have destructive effects on body image and self-objectification.1.Whats the implied meaning of the first paragraph?2.Female victims in superhero movies tend to be（ ）.3.According to the author, the im
36、age of stereotypic female victims can be improved by（ ）.4.The film audience in Paragraph 4 will most probably support the idea that（ ）.5.What is the main idea of the fifth paragraph?6.What is Hilary Pennell and Elizabeth Behm-Morawitz attitude towards todays superheroines?问题1选项A.Women are either hel
37、pless or powerful in superhero movies.B.Superhero movies definitely inspire women to become stronger.C.Female characters are extremely sexy and appealing in superhero movies.D.Superhero movies make women objectify themselves and question their body shapes.问题2选项A.formidable and quick-wittedB.sophisti
38、cated and intimidatingC.pretentious and loathsomeD.amiable and seductively-shaped问题3选项A.showing more competent and heroic female charactersB.distinguishing them from the superheroinesC.turning them into capable and powerful superheroinesD.strengthening their image as innocent and alluring maidens问题4
39、选项A.men and women are equalB.special abilities are unrealistic for femalesC.women should always be on a diet to stay in good shapeD.the importance of a strong body should be downplayed compared with that of appearance问题5选项A.Female roles are dressed in revealing and inviting costumes.B.Leading female
40、 roles are still stereotyped by alluring bodies.C.Many of the superheroines names are related with undignified jobs.D.Sexy maidens remain the typical image of female victims in movies.问题6选项A.Affectionate.B.Respectful.C.Objective.D.Opposed.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B第6题:C【解析】1.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至
41、原文第一段。根据 “Exposure to this, they show, can impact beliefs about gender roles, body esteem, and self-objectification.( 超级英雄电影会让妇女质疑自己的性别角色、对身体的自尊，将自己降格为物件。)”即可得出本题答案。2.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据 “The female victim is typically delicate, naive, and defenseless, but at the same time sexy and beautif
42、ul. What she lacks in strength and cunning she makes up for in kindness and curves.( 超级电影中的女性受害者常常被刻画成柔弱、单纯、无助，然而又楚楚动人的形象。她们不强壮、不狡猾，于是用善良和身体的曲线来弥补。)”,即可得出本题答案。3.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第三段。根据 “its possible that the antidote to the helpless fair maiden is the competent, commanding superheroine.( 柔弱的女性
43、角色可以通过刻画能干的、善于发号施令的女性超级英雄来改善。)”即可得出本题答案。4.细节推理题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第四段。根据 “ more equal gender beliefs, higher body esteem, and greater prioritization of physical competence over appearance.( 新一代的女性英雄形象会带来更为平等的性别观念，增强对身体的自尊，更关注身体能力而不是长相。)”即可得出本题答案。5.段落大意题。根据 “are often unrealistic, sexualized represent
44、ations of female figures(都是虚构的，都是情色化的女性人物。)”,即可得出本题答案。6.观点态度题。根据题干关键词，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据 “might elevate equal beliefs about gender roles(可能会提升对性别角色的平等信念)” “their sexualized nature might simultaneously have destructive effects on body image and self-objectification(他们的性化本质可能同时对身体形象和自我客观化产生破坏性的影响)”，可知他
45、们的态度是比较客观的。从而得出本题答案。12. 单选题They have reduced（ ） in the labor market by allowing employers and prospective employees to connect more easily than ever before.问题1选项A.incentiveB.budgetC.aggressionD.friction【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。incentive “刺激，动机”；budget “预算”；aggression “侵略，侵犯”；friction“摩擦”。句意为：雇主和潜在雇员之间的联系较从前变得更加容易，通过采用这一方式，他们减少了劳动市场中的摩擦。选项D符合句意。13. 写作题Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic given below. Use the space provided on your Answer Sheet II.TOPICWhat marks the maturit
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