1、2022年考博英语-山西大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题What is a lifestyle and how is that different from a life? A lifestyle is about brand（1）and buying identity or fame. Lifestyle gives a（2）of peace and acceptability that comes from others recognizing what youve bought. If your car and clothes are expensive, the
2、n you receive the superficial（3）of others.A life,（4）is very different. A life is what you lead when you know what（5）most to you. Your self-esteem comes from whats inside you. It comes from being connected to what you know is important, and being（6）to put that first no matter what others may think.Ho
3、w many times have you seen someone work（7）hours in a job that they do not enjoy just to be able to （8）an expensive lifestyle? There was a recent commercial on TV that showed a man laughing in his yard saying: “I drive an expensive car, have a 5 bedroom home, a country club membership, a swimming poo
4、l and Im in debt（9）my eyeballs！”Lifestyle is expensive because it（10）a great deal to do what you think is socially（11）. A life is not expensive. Rather than（12）personal or financial resources, a life generates（13）and power. This is not an issue of（14）luxury for its own sake; its about liberating you
5、rself from the（15）consumption that society dictates. It is about making the choices that are （16）your values.How can you make the change? Understand the（17）between a Life (being directed from within) and a Lifestyle (being directed from outside). Analyze your current lifestyle to see（18）is costing y
6、ou in money, time and energy to keep it. Let go and（19）what is really important to you, what（20）you and brings you joy. Remember who you are from within, not what you own!问题1选项A.symbolsB.titlesC.namesD.labels问题2选项A.senseB.reasonC.statusD.case问题3选项A.jealousyB.criticismC.gratitudeD.approval问题4选项A.in o
7、ther wordsB.at the same timeC.as a resultD.on the other hand问题5选项A.refersB.mattersC.holdsD.works问题6选项A.generousB.relievedC.willingD.grateful问题7选项A.limitedB.onlyC.longD.fair问题8选项A.maintainB.appreciateC.tolerateD.reform问题9选项A.up toB.equal toC.down toD.relevant to问题10选项A.meansB.spendsC.provesD.costs问题1
8、1选项A.believableB.reliableC.comfortableD.acceptable问题12选项A.collectingB.drainingC.dismissingD.spreading问题13选项A.kindnessB.knowledgeC.energyD.beauty问题14选项A.buyingB.losingC.avoidingD.counting问题15选项A.mindlessB.effortlessC.selflessD.careless问题16选项A.in line withB.in comparison withC.in contrast withD.in tou
9、ch with问题17选项A.balanceB.spaceC.differenceD.connection问题18选项A.whenB.whyC.thatD.what问题19选项A.make up forB.make use ofC.make peace withD.make room for问题20选项A.sustainsB.detainsC.obtainsD.contains【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B第6题:C第7题:C第8题:A第9题:A第10题:D第11题:D第12题:B第13题:C第14题:C第15题:A第16题:A第17题:C第18题:D第19题:D第
10、20题:A【解析】1.考查名词辨析。A选项symbols“符号；标志”；B选项titles“主题；标题”；C选项names“名字；名望”；D选项labels“标签；标记”。句意：生活方式是关于品牌（ ）和换取身份或名声。根据第一段第三句peace and acceptability that comes from others recognizing what youve bought（别人认可你买的东西带来的平静和被接纳），可知横线指的是brand“品牌”带来的好处，故names“名望”符合题意。因此C选项正确。2.考查名词辨析。A选项sense“感觉；道理”；B选项reason“理由”；C
11、选项status“地位；状态；情形”；D选项case“情况；实例”。句意：生活方式给人一种的平静和被接纳的虚假（ ），这种（ ）来自于别人认可你所买的东西。平静是一种感觉，所以sense“感觉”符合语境。因此A选项正确。3.考查名词辨析。A选项jealousy“妒嫉；猜忌；戒备”；B选项criticism“批评；考证；苛求”；C选项gratitude“感激”；D选项approval“批准；认可；赞同”。句意：如果你的车和衣服很贵，那么你只会得到别人表面上的（ ）。联系上文语境别人认可你买的东西，可知这里指的是approval“认可；赞同”；或者说上文提到品牌换取名声，可知这里指的是正向的感觉。
12、因此D选项正确。4.考查词组辨析。A选项in other words“换句话说”；B选项at the same time“同时”；C选项as a result“结果”；D选项on the other hand“另一方面”。句意：（ ），生活不一样。上文说到生活方式是怎样的，这里说生活和生活方式不同，下文点出两者的不同，推测这里表示转折，on the other hand“另一方面”符合语境。因此D选项正确。5.考查动词辨析。A选项refers“参考，指的是”；B选项matters“要紧”；C选项holds“把握；保存”；D选项works“奏效；工作”。句意：生活就是当你知道什么对你（ ）的时候
13、你所过的生活。根据语境，下文说到把自己认为最重要的放在首位，而不管别人的想法，可知这里指的是什么对自己是最重要的，matters“要紧”符合题意。因此B选项正确。6.考查形容词辨析。A选项generous“慷慨的；宽宏大量的”；B选项relieved“感到宽慰的；放心的”；C选项willing“乐意的，自愿的”；D选项grateful“感激的；愉快的”。句意：无论别人怎么想，都（ ）把自己的想法放在首位。根据语境，这里指的是坚定的坚持自己认为重要的东西，所以willing“乐意的，自愿的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。7.考查形容词辨析。A选项limited“有限的”；B选项only“仅有的；最
14、好的”；C选项long“长时间的；远的”；D选项fair“公平的；相当好的”。句意：你有多少次看到有人仅仅为了维持生活方式，在他们不喜欢的工作上花费（ ）小时？根据语境，这里指的是为了得到钱而在不喜欢的工作上花费很长时间，long“长时间的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。8.考查动词辨析。A选项maintain“维持；维修；主张”；B选项appreciate“欣赏；感激；领会”；C选项tolerate“忍受；默许；宽恕”；D选项reform“改革；重组；改过自新”。句意：仅仅为了（ ）昂贵的生活方式。maintain“维持”和lifestyle“生活方式”搭配比较合理。因此A选项正确。9.考查固定
15、搭配。A选项up to my eyeballs“深陷困境”；B选项equal to“等于；胜任”；C选项down to“以至”；D选项relevant to“有关的”。句意：我深陷困境（负债累累）。因此A选项正确。10.考查动词辨析。A选项means“意味着”；B选项spends“花费”，sb. spend sth. on doing sth.；C选项proves“证明”；D选项costs“花费”it costs sb. sth. to do sth.。句意：生活方式很昂贵，因为你要（ ）很多去做。根据语境，可知这里指要花很多钱，根据两个花费的不同用法确定选D。因此D选项正确。11.考查形容词
16、辨析。A选项believable“可信的”；B选项reliable“可靠的”；C选项comfortable“舒服的”；D选项acceptable“可接受的”。句意：花很多钱做你认为社会（ ）的事情。根据这里的语境，这里填acceptable“可接受的”比较合理，而且上文说到生活方式给人虚假的被接受的感觉。因此D选项正确。12.考查动词辨析。A选项collecting“收集”；B选项draining“使枯竭；排水；使疲惫的”；C选项dismissing“摒弃”；D选项spreading“传播；摊开”。句意：生命不是（ ）个人或经济资源，而是产生和力量。根据句意，可知横线上的是和generates
17、产生”相反意思的词，draining“使枯竭”符合题意。因此B选项正确。13.考查名词辨析。A选项kindness“仁慈，善意”；B选项knowledge“知识”；C选项energy“能量；活力”；D选项beauty“美丽”。句意：生命不是耗竭个人或经济资源，而是产生（ ）和力量。根据句意可知，横线里的词是和resources“资源”相似的词，energy“能量；活力”符合题意。因此C选项正确。14.考查动词辨析。A选项buying“购买”；B选项losing“失去”；C选项avoiding“避免”；D选项counting“计算”。句意：这不仅仅是纯粹（ ）奢侈品而已。下一句说到而是把你从社
18、会支配的消费中解放出来，推测这里指的是不买奢侈品，avoiding“避免”符合题意。因此C选项正确。15.考查形容词辨析。A选项mindless“盲目的；不合理的”；B选项effortless“容易的；天生的”；C选项selfless“无私的”；D选项careless“粗心的；无忧无虑的”。句意：这是关于把你从社会支配的（ ）消费中解放出来。根据语境，mindless“盲目的”搭配consumption“消费”比较合理。因此A选项正确。16.考查词组辨析。A选项in line with“符合”；B选项in comparison with“相比之下”；C选项in contrast with“形成
19、对比”；D选项in touch with“有联系”。句意：它是关于做出（ ）你价值观的选择。根据语境，in line with“符合”搭配values“价值观”比较合理。因此A选项正确。17.考查名词辨析。A选项balance“平衡”；B选项space“空间”；C选项difference“区别”；D选项connection“关联”。句意：理解生活（由内部指导）和生活方式（由外部指导）之间的（ ）。文章一直在说生活是怎样的，生活方式是怎样的，强调两者的区别，所以difference“区别”符合题意。因此C选项正确。18.考查词义辨析。A选项when“什么时候”；B选项why“为什么”；C选项th
20、at“那个”；D选项what“是什么”。句意：分析一下你现在的生活方式，看看（ ）花费你的金钱、时间和精力来维持这种生活方式。根据语境，可知what“是什么”比较符合题意。因此D选项正确。19.考查词组辨析。A选项make up for“弥补”；B选项make use of“利用”；C选项make peace with“讲和”；D选项make room for“让出地方”。句意：放手吧，（ ）那些对你真正重要的东西。根据上文，这里的放手指的是放下对自己不重要的东西，好为对自己真正重要的东西留位置，所以make room for“让出地方”符合题意。因此D选项正确。20.考查介词辨析。A选项su
21、stains“支持；保持”；B选项detains“拘留；耽搁”；C选项obtains“获得”；D选项contains“容纳；控制”。句意：那些对你真正重要的，（ ）你的，给你带来快乐的东西。根据语境，这里填sustains“支持；保持”比较符合题意。因此A选项正确。2. 翻译题小班上课要求学生参与讨论，因此他们不再被动听课。在与老师和同学进行学术交流时，他们的能力大幅度提高。这种交流有助于教师在考试前了解学生掌握了哪些知识，因此能提高自己的教学质量。这样的课程需要教师们精力充沛、富有想象、认真思考，所有这一切可能令人身心疲惫，但却能促使学生对自己的学业负责。【答案】Small classes
22、require students to participate in discussions, so they no longer listen passively. Their abilities are greatly improved in academic exchanges with teachers and classmates. This kind of communication helps teachers to know what students have mastered before the exam, thus improving the quality of th
23、eir teaching. Such courses require energetic, imaginative and thoughtful teachers, all of which can be exhausting, but can make students take responsibility for their studies.3. 单选题In English learning, a（ ）circle occurs when a student makes more errors after being scolded.问题1选项A.vigorousB.viciousC.v
24、oluntaryD.vertical【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vigorous“精力充沛的，有力的”；B选项vicious“恶劣的，严重的”；C选项voluntary“志愿的；自发的”；D选项vertical“垂直的；直上的”。句意：在英语学习中，如果学生挨骂后犯错更多，就会形成（ ）循环。根据语境，vicious“恶劣的，严重的”搭配circle“循环”比较合理，翻译成恶性循环。因此B选项正确。4. 翻译题FROM CHINESE TO ENGLISH我说过我们要发展记忆，那是因为我们生活中有此需要。没有文化的动物中，能以本能来应付生活，就不必有记忆。我这样说，其实也包含了另一
25、项意思，就是人在记忆上发展的程度是依他们生活需要而决定的。我们每个人，每一刻，所接触的外界众多复杂，但是并不进入我们的感觉，我们有所选择。和我们眼睛所接触的外界我们并不都看见，我们只看见我们所注意的，我们的视线有焦点，焦点依着我们的注意而移动。注意的对象由我们选择，选择的根据是我们生活的需要。【答案】I said we develop memories because we need them in our lives. Without culture, animals cope with life by instinct. Thus memory is necessary for them.
26、 By saying this, I also mean that people develop memory according to the needs of their lives. Every one of us, is connected to this vast and complex world in every moment, but dont receive all into our senses, which means we choose. We do not see everything that our eyes touch. We see only what we
27、notice, because there is a focus in our sight which moves on the basis of our attention. And the object of attention is chosen by us, according to the needs of our life.5. 单选题If you miss the cultural references（ ）a word, youre very likely to miss its meaning.问题1选项A.beyondB.behindC.belowD.before【答案】D
28、解析】考查介词辨析。A选项beyond“在（或向）较远的一边；超过”；B选项behind“在背面”；C选项below“在下面”；D选项before“在之前”。句意：如果你没看到单词（ ）的文化背景，你很可能会不理解它的意思。根据语境，可知文化背景紧挨着单词，并且在同一句话中，before“在之前”比较合理。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题We all have offensive breath at one time or another. In most cases, offensive breath emanates from bacteria in the mouth, although
29、there are other, more surprising causes.Until a few years ago, the most doctors could do was to counsel patients with bad breath about oral cleanliness. Now they are finding new ways to treat the usually curable condition.Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva slows. Our mouths are
30、 full of bacteria feeding on protein in bits of food and shed tissue. The bacteria emit smelling gases, the worst of which is hydrogen sulfide.Mouth bacteria thrive in airless conditions. Oxygen-rich saliva keeps their numbers down. When we sleep, for example, the saliva stream slows, and sulfide pr
31、oducing bacteria gains the upper hand, producing classic “morning breath”.Alcohol, hunger, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exerciseanything that dries the mouth produces bad breath. So can stress, though its not understood why. Some peoples breath turns sour every time they go o
32、n a job interview.Saliva flow gradually slows with age, which explains why the elderly have more bad breath trouble than younger people do. Babies, however, who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.For most of us, file simple, dr
33、y-mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured. Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria. Breakfast often stops morning breath. Those with chronic dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum, hard candy, or a bottle of water or juice around. Brushing the teeth wipes out dry-
34、mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria.Surprisingly, one thing that rarely works is mouthwash. The liquid can mask bad-breath odor with its own smell, but the effect lasts no more than an hour. Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath. Th
35、e trouble is they dont necessarily reach all offending germs. Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus. If the mouthwash contains alcoholas most doit can intensify the problem by drying out the mouth.1.The underlined phrase “emanate from” in (Sent. 2, Para. 1) most
36、 probably means “（ ）”.2.Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?3.According to the passage, alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because（ ）.4.Mouthwashes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because（ ）.5.We can infer from this passage that（ ）.问
37、题1选项A.thrive onB.account forC.originate fromD.descend from问题2选项A.Tooth trouble.B.Sulfur-rich food.C.Too much exercise.D.Mental strain.问题3选项A.it keeps offending bacteria from reproducingB.its smell adds to bad breathC.it kills some helpfulD.it affects the normal flow of saliva问题4选项A.they cant mask th
38、e bad odor long enoughB.they cant get to all the offending bacteriaC.their strong smell mixes with bad breath and makes it worseD.they cant cover the thick layers of mucus问题5选项A.offensive breath cant easily be curedB.elderly people are less offended by bad breathC.heavy drinkers are less affected by
39、 bad breathD.offensive breath is less affected by alcohol【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.词义推测题。根据第一段第二句offensive breath emanates from bacteria in the mouth（口臭来自口腔中的细菌），可知C选项“源自”符合题意，故C选项正确。A选项“靠，以”，B选项“对负有责任；对做出解释；（比例）占有”，以及D选项“传下来”意思不符合。因此C选项正确。2.语义推测题。根据第五段第一、二句anything that dries the mouth pro
40、duces bad breath. So can stress, though its not understood why（任何使口腔干燥的东西都会产生口臭。压力也是如此，尽管不知道为什么），可知精神紧张导致口臭，故D选项“精神紧张”正确。A选项“牙齿问题”：根据第二段第一句，医生最多能建议有口臭的病人保持口腔清洁，可知口臭与口腔清洁有关，没有提到和牙齿问题有关。B选项“高硫的食物”：根据第三段第二、三句，细菌以食物中的蛋白质为食，并排放硫化物这种口臭中最难闻的气体，可知并不是高硫食物导致口臭。C选项“运动过度”：根据第五段第一句，运动时用嘴呼吸产生口臭，可知不是运动过多导致口臭。因此D选项
41、正确。3.语义推测题。根据第三段第一句Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva slows（只要唾液的正常流速放缓，就会有口臭）和第五段第一句Alcoholanything that dries the mouth produces bad breath（酒精任何使口腔干燥的东西都会产生口臭），酒精引发口臭，而口臭的原因就是唾液流速低于正常速度，可推断酒精影响唾液正常流动，故D选项“它影响唾液正常流动”正确。A选项“它能阻止致病细菌繁殖”：文章中没有提到任何方法阻止细菌繁殖，只有通过刷牙等清除细菌的方法。B选项“其气味加剧
42、口臭”：根据第八段第二句，含有酒精的漱口水通过气味掩盖口臭，没有提到其气味加剧口臭。C选项“它能有效杀死细菌”：根据第八段第三、四句，漱口水可以杀死部分细菌，但不能杀死所有致病细菌，可知漱口水不能有效杀死细菌。因此D选项正确。4.语义推测题。根据第八段第四句The trouble is they dont necessarily reach all offending germs（问题是它们不一定能接触到所有致病的细菌），the trouble交代这是漱口水不能有效治疗口臭的主要原因，故B选项“它们无法接触到所有致病细菌”正确。A选项“它们无法长时间掩盖难闻气味”：无法长时间掩盖气味是漱口水不
43、能有效治疗口臭的表现。C选项“它们浓烈的气味和口臭味道混合后加剧口臭”：根据第八段最后一句如果漱口水中含有酒精大多数都含有会加剧问题，可知漱口水含有酒精并且加剧口臭。D选项“它们不能覆盖厚厚的黏液层”：根据第八段倒数第二句，大多数细菌在厚层黏液中，漱口水不能杀死它们，没有说到为什么不能和漱口水能不能到达厚层黏液。因此B选项正确。5.细节判断题。根据第二段Until a few years ago, the most doctors could do was to counsel patients with bad breath about oral cleanliness. Now they
44、are finding new ways to treat the usually curable condition.（直到几年前，医生能做的最多的就是建议有口臭的病人保持口腔清洁。现在他们正在寻找新的方法来治疗这种通常可以治愈的疾病），对于治愈口臭，前几年医生能做的有限，而且现在还在寻找方法治愈口臭，可见口臭不容易治愈，故A选项“口臭不容易治愈”正确。B选项“老年人口臭较少”：根据第六段第一句老年人比年轻人更多有口臭问题，可知老年人口臭问题更多。C选项“酗酒者较少受到口臭的影响”和D选项“口臭受酒精影响较小”：根据第五段第一句酒精任何使口腔干燥的东西都会产生口臭，可知酒精加剧口臭问题并且影
45、响不小。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题This study involves monitoring the sleep（ ）of 100 mentally healthy people aged 45 to 80.问题1选项A.ordersB.rulesC.patternsD.characters【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项orders“顺序；命令”；B选项rules“规则”；C选项patterns“模式”；D选项characters“特征”。句意：这项研究包括监测100名45岁至80岁精神健康的人的睡眠（ ）。根据语境，睡眠和characters“特征”搭配比较合理。因此D选项正确。
46、8. 单选题A driver can go through a red light（ ）a police officer signals him to do so.问题1选项A.whetherB.untilC.ifD.unless【答案】C【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项whether“是否，不论”；B选项until“直到为止”；C选项if“如果”；D选项unless“除非”。句意：（ ）警察示意司机可以闯红灯，他就可以这样做。根据语境，if“如果”警察示意可以闯红灯比较合理。如果选D选项unless“除非”，应该换成the driver cant run the red light才合理。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题Without clear guidelines（ ）, executives of hospitals are sometimes at a loss what to do.问题1选项A.in orderB.in placeC.in needD.in trouble【答案】B【解析】考
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