1、2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题During the election campaign, the party vowed to _ environmental considerations into all its policies.问题1选项A.associateB.uniteC.incorporateD.combine【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项associate“联系”；B选项unite“（与某人或集体）联结；联合”，unite in doing sth.；C选项incorporate“将包括在内；使并入”，incorpor
2、ate sth. into sth.；D选项combine“结合；组合”，combine sth. with sth.。句意：在竞选期间，该党郑重宣告将环境因素_其所有政策。根据语境和单词用法，C选项incorporate“将包括在内；使并入”符合题意，意思是指政策将包含环境方面的问题。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Some materials will conduct heat better than others. These materials are said _good conductors.问题1选项A.to beB.areC.having beenD.being【答案】A【解析】考
3、查动词用法。said后接不定式，said to be“被认为”。句意：有些材料导热比其他材料好，这些材料被叫作热的良导体。所以选A。3. 翻译题The carrot- and -stick theory of motivation (like Newtonian physical theory) works reasonably well under certain circumstances. 1. The means for satisfying mans physiological and (within limits), his safety needs can be provided
4、 or withheld by management. Employment itself is such a means and so are wages, working conditions and benefits. By these means the individual can be controlled so long as he is struggling for subsistence.But the carrot-and-stick theory does not work at all once man has reached an adequate subsisten
5、ce level and is motivated primarily by higher needs. Management cannot provide a man with self-respect or with the respect of his fellows, or with the satisfaction of needs for self- fulillment. 2. It can create such conditions that he is encouraged and enabled to seek such satisfactions for himself
6、 or it can thwart him by failing to create those conditions.But this creation of conditions is not “control”. It is not a good device for directing behavior.And so management finds itself in an odd position. The high standard of living created by our modern technological know-how provides quite ade
7、quately for the satisfaction of physiological and safely needs. The only significant exception is where management practices have not created confidence in a “fair break” and thus where safety needs are thwarted. 3. But by making possiblethe satisfaction of low-level needs, management has deprived i
8、tself of the ability to use as motivators the devices on which conventional theory has taught it to rely-rewards, promises, incentives, or threats and other coercive devices.4. The philosophy of management by direction and control regardless of whether it is hard or soft is inadequate to motivate be
9、cause the human needs on which this approach relies are today unimportant motivators of behavior. Direction and control are essentially useless in motivating people whose important needs are social and egoistic. Both the hard and the soft approach fail today because they are simply irrelevant to the
10、 situation. 5. People, deprived of opportunities to satisfy at work the needs which are now important to them, behave exactly as we right predict with indolence, passivity, resistance to change, lack of responsibility, willingness to follow the demagogue, unreasonable demands for economic benefits.
11、It would seem that we are caught in a web of our own weaving.【答案】1. 【参考译文】这是满足人的生理和（在一定限度内）安全需要的手段，可以由管理部门提供，也可以不提供。就业本身就是一种手段，工资、工作条件和福利也是如此。通过这些手段，只要一个人在为生存而挣扎，他就可以被控制。2. 【参考译文】它可以创造这样的条件，鼓励并使他能够为自己寻求这样的满足，也可以通过不创造这些条件来阻挠他。3. 【参考译文】但是，通过满足低层需求，管理者丧失了使用激励器的能力，而传统理论已将其作为奖励、承诺、激励或威胁以及其他强制性手段所依赖的手段。4.
12、 【参考译文】不管是硬还是软，通过方向和控制进行管理的哲学都无法激发人们的积极性，因为如今这种方法所依赖的人类需求已不再是行为的重要推动者。5. 【参考译文】人们被剥夺了在工作中满足现在对他们来说很重要的需求的机会，他们表现得恰如我们所预料的那样，表现为懒惰、消极、抵制变革、缺乏责任感、乐于追随煽动者、对经济利益的不合理要求。4. 单选题Those naughty boys were caught _flowers in the garden again.问题1选项A.to stealB.stealingC.having stolenD.to have stolen【答案】B【解析】考查现在分
13、词的用法。现在分词放在另一动作之后，表示主语在进行谓语动向所表示的动作的同时正在进行另一个动作，此时现在分词对谓语动词起修饰或陪衬的作用。句意：那些淘气的男孩又在花园里偷花被抓了，因此根据句意B项为正确答案。catch的常见用法catch sb doing sth“发现某人正在做某事”，转换为被动用法则是sb be caught doing sth，因此A和D项均错误；C项使用的是现在分词的完成式，与句意不符，故排除。5. 单选题Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business let
14、ters are the main situations _ formal language is used.问题1选项A.in whichB.on whichC.in thatD.at what【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。formal language is used是用来修饰situations的定语从句，并且是一个完整的句子，可知横线上的部分充当关系副词，根据短语in the situation可知横线部分表示地点，所以答案选A选项in which，B选项on which错误。in what用法错误，故C选项in what错误。at what用法错误，D选项at what错误。句意：
15、政府报告、考试作文、法律文件和大多数商务信函是使用正式语言的主要情况。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题We must improve the farming method _ we may get high yields.问题1选项A.thereforeB.as.C.in order thatD.if【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项therefore“所以”，副词，修饰动词，后面不接句子；B选项as“因为”，连词，后面加句子；C选项in order that“为了；以便”，后面加从句；D选项if“如果”，连词，后面加句子。句意：_获得高产量，我们必须改进耕作方法。根据语境，这里提高产量是目的
16、C选项in order that“为了；以便”符合题意。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题The theory of plate tectonics describes the motions of the lithosphere, the comparatively rigid outer layer of the Earth that includes all the crust and part of the underlying mantle. The lithosphere is divided into a few dozen plates of various sizes and s
17、hapes, in general the plates are in motion with respect to one another. A mid-ocean ridge is a boundary between plates where new lithospheric material is injected from below. AS the plates diverge from a mid-ocean ridge they slide on a more yielding layer at the base of the lithosphere.Since the siz
18、e of the Earth is essentially constant, new lithosphere can be created at the mid-ocean ridges only if an equal amount of lithospheric material is consumed elsewhere. The site of this destruction is another kind of plate boundary: a subduction zone. There one plate dives under the edge of another an
19、d is reincorporated into the mantle. Both kinds of plate boundary are associated with fault systems, earthquakes and volcanism, but the kinds of geologic activity observed at the two boundaries are quite different.The idea of sea-food spreading actually preceded the theory of plate tectonics. In its
20、 original version, in the early 1960s, it described the creation and destruction of the ocean floor, but it did not specify rigid lithospheric plates. The hypothesis was substantiated soon afterward by the discovery that periodic reversals of the Earths magnetic field are recorded in the oceanic cru
21、st. As magma rises under the mid-ocean ridge, ferromagnetic minerals in the magma become magnetized in the direction of the geomagnetic field. When the magma cooks and solidifies, the direction and the polarity of the field are preserved in the magnetized volcanic rock. Reversals of the field give r
22、ise to a series of magnetic stripes running parallel to the axis of the rift. The oceanic crust thus serves as a magnetic tape recording of the history of the geomagnetic field that can be dated independently the width of the stripes indicates the rate of the sea-floor spreading.1. What is the main
23、topic of the passage?2. According to the passage, there are approximately how many lithospheric plates?3. Which of the following is true about tectonic plates?4. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the lithosphere is LEAST likely to be true?5. What does the author imply
24、 about the periodic reversal of the Earths magnetic field?问题1选项A.Magnetic field reversal.B.The formation of magma.C.The location of mid-ocean ridges.D.Plate tectonic theory.问题2选项A.Six.B.Twelve.C.Twenty-four or more.D.One thousand nine hundred.问题3选项A.They are moving in relationship to one other.B.The
25、y have unchanging borders.C.They are located far beneath the lithosphere.D.They have the same shape.问题4选项A.It is a relatively inflexible layer of the Earth.B.It is made up entirely of volcanic ash.C.It includes the crust and some of the mantle of the Earth.D.It is divided into plates of various shap
26、es and sizes.问题5选项A.It is inexplicable.B.It supports the hypothesis of sea-floor spreading.C.It was discovery before the 1960s.D.It indicates the amount of magma present.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。作者在文章第一段第一句交代了The theory of plate tectonics describes the motions of the lithosphere（板块构造
27、理论描述的是岩石圈的运动），随后对此话题进行展开，D选项“板块构造理论”正确，A选项“磁场逆转”，B选项“岩浆的形成”和C选项“洋中海脊的位置”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此D选项正确。2.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句The lithosphere is divided into a few dozen plates of various sizes and shapes（岩石圈被划分为几十个大小和形状各异的板块），可知C选项“24个或更多”符合题意。A选项“6”，B选项“12”和D选项“1900”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句in general the
28、 plates are in motion with respect to one another（通常这些板块都处于相对运动中），可知A选项“它们在相对位移”正确。B选项“它们的边界不变”和D选项“它们的形状相同”：根据第二段第二、三句There one plate dives under the edge of another and is reincorporated into the mantle.（在那里，一块板块俯冲到另一块板块的边缘之下并与地幔结合在一起。），可知边界会改变，形状也不会相同。C选项“它们位于岩石圈深处”：根据第一段第一句The theory of plate te
29、ctonics describes the motions of the lithosphere（板块构造理论描述岩石圈的运动），可知板块构造包括整个岩石圈。因此A选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句In its original version, in the early 1960s, it described the creation and destruction of the ocean floor, but it did not specify rigid lithospheric plates.（在20世纪60年代它的理论雏形中，描述了海底的生成和毁灭，但没有详细介绍坚硬的岩
30、石圈板块。），可知这一段讲述的是海洋中岩石圈的情况，不是所有的，没有普遍性，B选项“它完全由火山灰构成”过于绝对，不符合文章内容。A选项“它是地球上一个相对不灵活的层”：根据第二段第一句Since the size of the Earth is essentially constant, new lithosphere can be created at the mid-ocean ridges only if an equal amount of lithospheric material is consumed elsewhere.（由于地球的大小本质上是不变的，只有同等数量的岩石圈物质
31、在其它地方被吞没，新的岩石圈才能生成。），可知岩石圈物质总体没有质的变化，只有数的变化，所以即使有生有灭，但是相对不灵活，符合文章内容。C选项“它包括地球的地壳和部分地幔”：根据第一段第一句the comparatively rigid outer layer of the Earth that includes all the crust and part of the underlying mantle（岩石圈是相对坚硬的地球外层，包括全部地壳和部分地幔。），可知符合文章内容。D选项“它被分成各种形状和大小的板块”：根据第一段第二句The lithosphere is divided in
32、to a few dozen plates of various sizes and shapes（岩石圈被划分为几十个大小和形状各异的板块），可知符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。5.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句The idea of sea-food spreading actually preceded the theory of plate tectonics.（海产品传播的观点实际上早于板块构造理论。）和第三句The hypothesis was substantiated soon afterward by the discovery that periodic reversals o
33、f the Earths magnetic field are recorded in the oceanic crust.（这个假设不久之后为发现所证实。该发现表明地球磁场周期性的逆转被记录在海洋地壳中。），可知作者讲述地球磁场的周期性逆转是为了支持海底扩张假说，B选项“支持海底扩张假说”正确，A选项“这无法解释”错误。C选项“在20世纪60年代之前被发现”：根据第三段第二句In its original version, in the early 1960s（在20世纪60年代，它的理论雏形中），可知这是在20世纪60年代被发现而非在这之前。D选项“它表明岩浆的数量”。因此B选项正确。8.
34、 单选题Weve tested ten types of material, _is completely waterproof.问题1选项A.no of whichB.none of whichC.some of thatD.neither of which【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。B项none of which指“三者或三者以上都不”，符合题意；A项no of which没有这种说法；C项，引导定语从句时that不能用在介词后。D项neither of which指“两者都不”。句意：我们已经测试了十种材料，没有一种是完全防水的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。9. 单选题He thoug
35、ht that he might be able to avoid paying some of his taxes by taking advantages of the _ in the law.问题1选项A.circleB.misunderstandingC.exceptionD.loop holes【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项circle“周期”；B选项misunderstanding“误解”；C选项exception“例外；异议”；D选项loop holes“漏洞”。句意：他认为他也许可以利用法律上的_来逃避缴纳一些税款。根据语境，这里是指钻法律的空子避税，D选项loop
36、holes“漏洞”符合题意。因此D选项正确。10. 单选题I always left home for school earlier in the morning _ traffic jam.问题1选项A.in line withB.for the sake ofC.in case ofD.at the risk of【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项in line with“与一致”；B选项for the sake of“为了”；C选项in case of“以防万一”；D选项at the risk of“冒着的危险”。句意：我总是在早上较早离开家去上学_交通堵塞。根据语境，这里指早点出门
37、是为了不想堵车，C选项in case of“以防万一”符合题意。因此C选项正确。11. 单选题_you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.问题1选项A.If realizedB.Had I realizedC.Did I have realized thatD.As I realized【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should或had时，可省略if采用倒装句型，将should(would或could)提前。因此正确答案为B。12. 单选题There are always _
38、and religious disputes between Israel and Palestine.问题1选项A.eligibleB.engagedC.proneD.prospective【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项eligible“合格的；中意的”；B选项engaged“使用中的；占线的”；C选项prone“有做倾向的”；D选项prospective“预期的；前瞻性的”。句意：以色列和巴勒斯坦之间总是存在着_和宗教性的争议。根据语境，D选项prospective“预期的；前瞻性的”搭配disputes“争议”比较合理，意思指色列和巴勒斯坦的争议是迟早的事。因此D选项正确。13
39、 单选题Reebok executives do not like to hear their stylish athletic shoes called “footwear for yuppies”.They contend that Reebok shoes appeal to diverse market segments, especially now that the company offers basketball and childrens shoes for the under-18 set and walking shoes for older customers not
40、 interested in aerobics or running. The executives also point out that through recent acquisitions they have added hiking boots, dress and casual shoes, and high-performance athletic footwear to their product lines, all of which should attract new and varied groups of customers.Still, despite is emp
41、hasis on new markets, Reebok plans few changes in the upmarket retailing network that helped push sales to $1 billion annually, ahead of all other sports shoe marketers. Reebok shoes, which are priced from $27 to $85, will continue to be sold only in better specialty, sporting goods, and department
42、stores, in accordance with the companys view that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution.In the past few years, the Massachusetts-based company has imposed limits on the number of it: distributors (and the number of shoes supplied to stores), partly out of necess
43、ity. At times the unexpected demand for Reeboks exceeded supply, and the company could barely keep up with orders from the dealers it already had. These fulfillment problems seem to be under control now, but the company is still selective about its distributors. At present. Reebok shoes are availabl
44、e in about five thousand retail stores in the United States.Reebok has already anticipated that walking shoes will be the next fitness-related crave, replacing aerobics shoes the same way as brightly colored soft leather exercise footwear replaced conventional running shoes. Through product diversif
45、ication and careful market research. Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems Nike came across several years ago, when Nike misjudged the strength of the aerobics shoe craze and was freed to unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores.1. One reason why Reeboks managerial
46、personnel dont like their shoes to be called “footwear for yuppies” is that （ ）.2. Reeboks view that “consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution” (Line 4, Para. 2) implies that （ ）.3. Reebok once had to limit the number of its distributors because （ ）.4. Although the
47、 Reebok Company has solved the problem of fulfilling its orders, it （ ）.5. What lesson has Reebok learned from Nikes distribution problems?问题1选项A.they believe that their shoes are popular with people of different age groupsB.new production lines have been added to produce inexpensive shoesC.“yuppies” usually evokes a negative imageD.the term makes people think of prohibitive prices问题2选项
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