1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The business is both highly cyclical and （ ） as price information about transactions may not be publicized; and when it is, it can be misleading.问题1选项A.privateB.slackC.opaqueD.redundant【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。private “私有的”；slack “松弛的，萧条的”；opaque “不透明的”；redundant “多
2、余的，冗长的”。句意：这项交易具有很高的周期性和不透明性，因为价格信息可能没有公开，可能会造成误导。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Major exams are the bane of many a students life. They represent a one-off chance to scribble months or years of learning onto paper, and can make or break future career prospects. The trouble is that taking an exam at a time rigidly se
3、t by the academic calendar has never been an ideal way to determine competencethey may come at the right time for some lucky students, but not for many others.Perhaps it doesnt have to be that way. As teaching begins to move online, we no longer need to wait until the end of a course to perform asse
4、ssments. Instead, computer software can assess understanding during the learning process itself by analyzing a students every mouse click and keystroke. So could we finally be able to get rid of the dreaded final exam?A better option is a system that allows students to advance at their own pace when
5、 they have mastered the material, says Julia Freeland, an education researcher. This is called competency-based learning, and it requires tailoring the educational program in a different way for each student. This is clearly something that teachers in a busy classroom may struggle to do. If course m
6、aterial is offered online, though, with the students input analyzed automatically by computer software, students can be assessed individuallyeven to the point that the software can identify when a given student is likely to perform to their full potential on an exam.Competency-based learning softwar
7、e is now being used both in high schools and in colleges across the US, says Freeland. The Virtual Learning Academy Charter School in the state of New Hampshire is one prominent high school example.The idea behind the software is relatively straightforward. It takes information about the students ac
8、tivity on course websitethe pages they have visited and whether the student has verified that they have read a passage of text or watched a video, for instanceand combines it with data on the students performance on informal tests and quizzes to establish in real time how well the student understand
9、s a concept. When that understanding reaches a predetermined level, the student is challenged with new concepts, or offered the opportunity to take a formal exam. Since this form of competency-based learning approach was introduced in some classes at Arizona State University, pass rates have reporte
10、dly increased. And Philip Regier, the dean of the universitys online arm, says there are now plans for doing “an entire degree adaptively”.Some firms push the technology further. Their artificial intelligence software analyses the data collected to constantly tweak the way it presents new informatio
11、n to the individual. Within a few weeks, claim their makers, these algorithms can even identify what time of the day a student is most receptive to lessons in a given subject.1.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that （ ）.2.Which of the following is TRUE about “competency-based learning”?3.The Virtua
12、l Learning Academy Charter School is mentioned in the passage to （ ）.4.What is “the idea behind the software” in Paragraph 5?5.To which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?问题1选项A.taking exams makes most students nervous and stressfulB.sometimes major exams can determine pe
13、oples future career prospectsC.taking an exam at a time rigidly set by the academic calendar is a fair way to determine competenceD.many students pass the exams because of their good luck问题2选项A.It is a system that allows students to improve their competency all by themselves.B.It would make teachers
14、 very busy in the classroom.C.It requires students to attend class online, and thus they need not go to classroom any more.D.It requires making the educational program in a different way for each student.问题3选项A.show that the competency-based learning software is now being used both in high schools a
15、nd in colleges across the USB.illustrate how a good high school performs in competency-based learning and testingC.show how the competency-based learning software is designed by high schools and colleges across the USD.illustrate that the competency-based learning software is very important both in
16、high schools and in colleges across the US问题4选项A.It takes information about the students activity on course websites to help to assess his competence.B.It more emphasizes informal tests and quizzes to know how well the student understands a concept.C.The student will not be offered the opportunity t
17、o take a formal exam unless he manages to understand all the concepts in the textbook.D.Teachers must require students to read texts and watch videos on course websites.问题5选项A.We must get rid of the dreaded exams with the help of computer software.B.Since course materials are offered online, teacher
18、s need not care about students performance in the classroom.C.Since the competency-based learning approach was proved successful in some cases, we should try to adopt it in more schools.D.We should try to develop new artificial intelligence software to collect the private information of teachers and
19、 students.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“They represent a one-off chance to scribble months or years of learning onto paper, and can make or break future career prospects.”，可知大考代表着一个一次性机会，将几个月或者几年学到的知识草草地写到纸上，可能会毁掉或者成就一个人未来的职业前景。可推断出一些考试确实能决定一个人的职业前景。选项B符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“This is
20、 called competency-based learning, and it requires tailoring the educational program in a different way for each student.”，可知这种能力本位学习要求为每个学生定制不同的教育计划。选项D符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第五段，“the Virtual Learning Academy Charter School in the state of New Hampshire is one prominent high school example.”，可知在基于能力的学习软件的应
21、用方面，虚拟学习学院特许学校是一个突出的高中学校例子，可推断出举这个例子主要是为了描述以能力为基础的学习和测试在好的高中学校的表现。选项B符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章第五段第二句，“It takes information about the students activity on course websitethe pages they have visited and whether the student has verified thatto establish in real time how well the student understands a concept.”，她获
22、取学生在课程网站上的活动信息，他们访问过的页面等，实时确定学生对概念的理解程度。可推断出这个软件是通过学生的活动信息来判断他们的能力。选项A符合题意。5.作者态度题。根据文章第五段倒数第二句，“Since this form of competency-based learning approach was introduced in some classes at Arizona State University, pass rates have reportedly increased.”，可知自从这种基于能力的学习方法引入到亚利桑那州立大学的一些课程中，通过率提升了。所以可推断出作者会赞
23、同这种基于能力的学习方式应该得到更多学校的采用。学习C符合题意。3. 单选题Five years ago, that couple bought the house （ ）_ making a quick profit out of it.问题1选项A.with eyes open toB.in good eyes atC.with an eye toD.by an eye at【答案】C【解析】词组辨析。with an eye to “着眼于，指望着”为固定搭配。没有A、B和D项的搭配，可排除。句意：五年前，那对夫妇买下这所房子，希望能很快从中获利。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题The poo
24、r industrialist had said that the minimum wage would put him out of business, （ ）by the noble academic that it would not need to if he ran his company properly.问题1选项A.to be only toldB.only being toldC.only to be toldD.being only told【答案】C【解析】语法和固定搭配。根据题意，空格前后的事情形成对比，存在转折关系。所以可排除选项B和D。句意：这位可怜的实业家曾经说过
25、最低工资会让他破产，但是却被这位高贵的学者告知，如果当初正确经营公司，就不会有这样的结果。only to be told为固定搭配，“却被告知”。没有搭配to be only told。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题Much as officials still say that China cannot carry the burden of international governance, they are （ ） the idea that it should sign up as a stakeholder in a set of rules made in Washington.问
26、题1选项A.dismissive ofB.disincentive toC.disturbingD.dissipating【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析和固定搭配。be dismissive of “不屑一顾”；be disincentive to “阻碍因素”；disturb “打扰”；dissipate“使驱散”。句意：尽管官员们仍然说中国不能承担起国际管理的责任，但是他们也会对这样的想法不屑一顾：中国在制定一套规则中成为利益相关者。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题Besides those I have named, there was not in Britain the man livi
27、ng whom I （ ）, unless it were the Duke of Wellington, whom I afterwards saw at Westminster Abbey, at the funeral of Wilberforce.问题1选项A.cared for beholdingB.cared to beholdC.cared to be beheldD.cared for being beheld【答案】B【解析】语法和固定搭配。care to do sth. “想做某事，愿意做某事”;care for “关心，喜欢”；behold “看，看见”。根据句子结构，可
28、知空格中应该填入定语从句的谓语，先行词为the man，关系代词为whom，the man和behold之间是主动关系，选项C和D可排除。句意：除了我所提到的那些人以外，在英国没有一个活着的人是我所愿意见到的，除非是Wellington,公爵，我后来在威伯福斯的葬礼上在威斯敏斯特大教堂见到了他。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题Daily nutrition, weight, and physical activities in the family will largely determine whether your children are （ ）to children diabetes.问题
29、1选项A.likelyB.susceptibleC.influentialD.sustainable【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。likely “很可能的，合适的”；susceptible “易受影响的”；influential “有影响力的”；sustainable “可以忍受的”。句意：家庭中的日常营养、体重和体育活动在很大程度上决定了你的孩子是否容易患上糖尿病。选项B符合题意。8. 翻译题Todays changed conditions for doing social theory have disturbed the original balance of trade betw
30、een lay and expert social theorists. Were we to compare, say, the end of the nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth, we would soon find two major differences in the circumstances affecting who think about social life and how they think. First, the number of people with ready access to a cult
31、ure supportive of critical thinking has increased dramatically, especially after the hold of the European powers on their colonies came to a formal end, primarily during the 1950s and 1960s. Second, the people normally engaged in critical social thinking are no longer necessarily members of or ident
32、ified with a dominant class of bourgeois intellectuals. Many of the new social theorists do not consider themselves bourgeois, and many are visibly not anything like the white, male advocates of European culture who wrote the first, best-known social theories. These two differencesone of number, one
33、 of kind make social theory today an enterprise largely, but not entirely, different from that of the nineteenth century.【答案】【参考译文】当今社会理论研究的条件发生了变化，打破了外行社会理论家与专家社会理论家之间原有的贸易平衡。比如说，如果我们比较一下19世纪末和20世纪末，我们很快就会发现影响人们思考社会生活和他们如何思考的环境有两大不同。首先，有机会接触到支持批判性思维的文化的人数急剧增加，特别是在欧洲列强对其殖民地的控制正式结束之后，主要是在20世纪50年代和60年
34、代。第二，通常从事批判性社会思维的人不再一定是或不再被认为是资产阶级知识分子的主导阶级成员。许多新社会理论家并不认为自己是资产阶级，而且许多人显然一点也不像那些倡导欧洲文化的白人男性，他们写出了第一批最著名的社会理论。这两种不同一种是数量上的不同，一种是种类上的不同使得今天的社会理论在很大程度上（但不是完全）不同于19世纪的社会理论。9. 单选题Nowhere, however, is the importance of the nation more dramatically demonstrated than （ ） nationalism as a political creed.问题1
35、选项A.the potency ofB.the potent ofC.in the potency ofD.in the potential【答案】A【解析】语法题。根据定冠词the，可知其后接名词，potent “有效的”为形容词，选项B可排除。根据题意，可知the importance of “的重要性”与空格中形成相互呼应的成分，选项C和D可排除。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题For some leaders in the tea party movement, the ongoing skirmish over whether presidential contender Mitt R
36、omney should speak at a Tea Party Express rally in New Hampshire on Monday is （ ）but an （ ） quarrel.问题1选项A.anything internecineB.something interestingC.anything intermediaryD.something interagency【答案】A【解析】固定搭配和形容词词义辨析。根据固定搭配“anything but”，选项B和D可排除。internecine “两败俱伤的”； interagency “跨部门的”。句意：关于总统候选人Mi
37、tt Romney周一是否应该在新罕布什尔州的茶党集会上发表讲话的争论，绝对不是一场两败俱伤的争吵。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题Recently, Japanese imports of manufactured goods from China have surged and the reputation of Chinese products has improved substantially, giving rise to concern that China will soon replace Japan as the factory of the world. An object
38、ive evaluation of Chinas industrial strength, however, suggests that there is still a long way to go before it will become a truly advanced industrial country on par with Japan.First of all, the high proportion of labor-intensive products in Chinas exports means that its trade structure is typical o
39、f a newly industrializing economy (NIE).This is different from that of developed countries, where the major export items, such as machinery, are technology-intensive. Although China is increasing its share of the global market for manufactured goods, including some information-technology (IT) produc
40、ts that are classified as high-tech, Chinese exports are still highly concentrated in lower-end products. In the ease of televisions, for instance, Japan specializes in high-definition and other higher-end models, while China produces standard models whose unit values are much lower.Reflecting China
41、s emphasis on processing trade, goods made in China contain large numbers of overseas components, some of which are made in Japan. According to official Chinese statistics, increasing exports by USS1 million requires importing intermediate goods and components worth $500,000, which do not form part
42、of Chinas gross domestic product (GDP). Moreover, the proportion of this imported content is higher for high-tech than for low-tech products. A computer labeled made in China is likely to contain a large portion of imported contents including an Intel central processing unit (CPU), Microsoft Windows
43、 operating system, and a liquid crystal display made in Japan or South Korea.In addition, approximately half of Chinas exports are produced by subsidiaries of foreign companies, to which dividends, interest charges, royalties and other fees must be paid. Even among Chinese companies with no capital
44、relations with overseas companies, the majority of their exports are processed under OEM (original equipment manufacturing) contracts and sold with foreign brand names. Thus only a very small percentage of the value-added of products labeled made in China is actually made by China. The latter corres
45、ponds to the concept of Chinas gross national product (GNP), and excludes import charges on intermediate goods and investment income paid to overseas countries.China is so heavily dependent on foreign partners that it has yet to develop its own edge-cutting technology and internationally recognized
46、brand names. On top of this; Chinese companies are inferior to their overseas counterparts in virtually every aspect, be it capital, human resources, or business management. As a result, China has no option but to look to cheap labor for its export competitiveness. Indeed, the majority of Chinas con
47、tribution to the value-added of its exports lies with the cost of labor, and the very low wages in China, averaging less than $100 a month, imply that this contribution must be very small. As such, the common assumption that Chinese goods are competitive because the countrys wage levels are low hold
48、s true only for labor-intensive products and does not necessarily apply to industry as a whole. Instead, Chinas low wages should be interpreted as a reflection of the fact that its labor productivity is poor. It is when Chinas wage levels approach those of Japan, reflecting a rise in productivity, which Chin
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