1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Why pick up what literary history so resolutely discards? Any study of bestsellers confronts the same question as does the decaf, no-fat latte drinker in Starbucks: why bother? One justification, and the easiest demonstrated, is their interesting peculiarity
2、 Like other ephemera of past times, bestsellers offer the charm of antiquarian quaintness. And so short is their lifespan, that todays bestsellers become yesterdays fiction almost as soon as one has read them. Looking back through the lists is to uncover delightful cultural oddities. Consider, for
3、example, the top-selling novel of 1923 in the United States, Black Oxen, by Gertrude Atherton. Recall too that the discriminating reader of that year had James Joyces Ulysses and T. S. Eliots The Waste Land to choose from. The allusion of Athertons title signals grand literary pretension; pretension
4、 absurdly unmerited. None the less, the novels theme was, for the time, both topical and sensational rejuvenation. For humans, that is, not cattle. The narrative opens in a New York theatre. A brilliant young newspaperman, Lee Clavering, is struck by a beautiful woman in the audience. Investigation
5、reveals that she is facially identical with a young belle of thirty years before, Mary Ogden. Miss Ogden married a Hungarian diplomat, Count Zattiany, and has never been heard of since. Speculation rages, but eventually the truth comes out: Ogden/Zattiany has been rejuvenated in Vienna by Dr Steinac
6、hs new X-ray technique. By bombarding a womans ovaries at the period of menopause, the ageing process is reversible. When news of the wonderful process hits the newspapers, civil war threatens. And luckless Clavering finds himself in love with a woman old enough to be his mother. On the other side,
7、he himself is obsessively loved by a flapper, Janet, young enough to be his daughter, who drinks illegal hooch and attends petting parties. The plot thickens, madly thereafter. It is nonsense-just as, medically, Stcinachs X-ray miracle was nonsense. In 1922 Atherton herself had received the Viennese
8、 doctors rejuvenation treatment. It seems, from publicity pictures, to have done little for her beauty. But tosh fiction and quack science as it may be, Black Oxen fits, hand-in-glove, with its period. And no other period. However absurd it seems to the modern reader, Athertons novel reflects, and d
9、ramatizes, contemporary anxiety about womens freedoms. The 1920s was the era of the flapper -the perpetually young girl-woman. British women in this decade had, after long struggle, the vote -but only if they were over 30, after which the heyday in the female blood was conceived to have been suffici
10、ently cooled to make rational political decisions. Black Oxen, the top novel in the US in 1923, is inextricably of its period. It could have been published 15 years later. But out of its immediate time-and-place frame, Black Oxen would have no more worked than a fish out of water. Nor would it, in o
11、ther days, have been what it was, the book of the day. The day made the book, as much as events of the day made newspaper headlines in 1923. This hand-in-glove quality is inextricably linked with the ephemerality of bestsellerism. 1.Why does the author mention Ulysses and The Waste Land in paragraph
12、 2?2.According to the passage, all of the following are true about Black Oxen EXCEPT （ ）.3.The word “rage” in the passage is closest in meaning to （ ）.4.Which of the following sentence can best express the meaning of the highlighted sentence in the Last paragraph?5.According to the passage, which of
13、 the following is true about a bestseller?问题1选项A.They were bestsellers just second to Black Oxen in 1923.B.They were more popular than Blank Oxen in 1923.C.As contemporary novels of Black Oxen, they were not popular in 1923.D.As bestsellers of 1923, they were not as popular as Black Oxen.问题2选项A.Thou
14、gh the writer of Black Oxen did get a treatment for keeping young, but it looked unsuccessful.B.Black Oxen implied the X-ray technique was welcomed by women who were in menopause.C.Black Oxen was very popular in 1923 when people believed in pseudo science about renewal of youthfulness.D.Count Zattia
15、ny appeared in Black Oxen as a minor character.问题3选项A.anger greatlyB.prevail uncontrollablyC.rake lipD.presume daringly问题4选项A.The ethos of 1923 for Black Oxen is just like water for fish.B.Without its time-and-space, Black Oxen would have enjoyed its popularity for a longer time.C.Without water, Bla
16、ck Oxen would lose its popularity.D.Black Oxen would not have been produced if it wasnt treated like a fish.问题5选项A.A bestseller only caters for its own time.B.A bestseller is liable to tell a love triangle story.C.A bestseller cannot be written by an old female writer.D.A bestseller is a great liter
17、ary work, though it is strange.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“And so short is their lifespan, that todays bestsellers become yesterdays fiction almost as soon as one has read them.”，可知作者的观点是畅销书的寿命是短暂的，以至于今天的畅销书几乎一读完就变成了昨天的小说。所以在文章第二段作者用尤利西斯和荒原两本书的例子和黑色公牛做了对比，说明与同时代的畅销书黑色公牛一样，它们在19
18、23年并不受欢迎。选项C符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第五段，“In 1922 Atherton herself had received the Viennese doctors rejuvenation treatmentto have done little for her beauty.”，可知虽然她接受了Viennese恢复治疗，但是并没有效果。选项A符合文意，可排除。根据文章第四段，“By bombarding a womans ovaries at the period of menopause, the ageing process is reversible.”，可知通过这种
19、技术，处理更年期女性的卵巢，衰老过程是可以消除的。选项B符合文意，可排除。根据文章第四段，“Miss Ogden married a Hungarian diplomat, Count Zattiany, and has never been heard of since.”，可知玛丽奥格登嫁给了一个匈牙利的外交官Zattiany伯爵，所以Zattiany伯爵在黑色公牛中扮演一个次要角色。选项D符合文意，可排除。根据文章最后一段第一句，“Black Oxen, the top novel in the US in 1923, is inextricably of its period.”，可知
20、黑色公牛受欢迎的原因是由于小说与时代的不可分割性。所以原因并没有提及人们相信青春再生的伪科学。选项C符合题意。3.词义理解题。根据文章第四段，“Speculation rages, but eventually the truth comes out: Ogden/Zattiany has been rejuvenated in Vienna by Dr Steinachs new X-ray technique.”，可知玛丽奥格登嫁给外交官的事情迅速传播蔓延，但是最后真相说明：Ogden/Zattiany通过Steinach医生新发明的X射线技术重新焕发活力。所以rage在这一句的意思应该是
21、迅速传播和蔓延。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“But out of its immediate time-and-place frame, Black Oxen would have no more worked than a fish out of water.”，可知如果没有1923年的时代和背景框架，黑色公牛就会像鱼离开水一样无法存活。选项A符合题意。5.主旨题。纵观全文，作者的对于畅销书的观点为：畅销书因为和当时所处的时代和思潮是相符的，所以会带来小说的短暂畅销。又根据文章最后一段，“The day made the book, as much as events
22、 of the day made newspaper headlines in 1923.”，可知1923年的畅销书就像那个时代的新闻头条一样，所以反应的是那个时代的思想和潮流。可知畅销书只适合于自己的时代符合文意。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题Classics is a subject that exists in that gap between us and the world of the Greeks and Romans. The questions raised by Classics are the questions raised by our distance from th
23、eir world and at the same time by our closeness to it, and by its familiarity to us in our museums, in our literature, languages, culture, and ways of thinking. The aim of Classics is not only to discover or uncover the ancient world (though that is part of it, as the rediscovery of Bassae). Its aim
24、 is also to define and debate our relationship to that world. This book will explore that relationship, and its history, starting from a spectacle that is familiar, but, at the same time, can become puzzling and strange: dismembered fragments of an ancient Greek temple put on show in the British Mus
25、eum. In Latin the word museum once indicated; a temple of the Muses； in what respects is the modem museum the right place to preserve treasures from a classical temple? Does it only look the part? The issues raised by Bassae provide a model for understanding Classics in its widest sense. Of course,
26、Classics is about more than the physical remains, the architecture, sculpture and painting, of ancient Greece and Rome. It is also about the poetry, philosophy, science and history written in the ancient world and still read and debated as part of our culture. But here too, essentially similar issue
27、s are at stake, questions about how we are to read literature which has a history of more than 2,000 years, written in a society very distant and different from our own. To read Platos writings on philosophical topics, for example, involves facing that difference, and trying to understand a society,
28、 the ancient Greece, in which writing came not in printed books but on papyrus rolls, each one copied by the hand of a slave; and in which philosophy was still thought of as an activity that went on in the open air life of the city, and was part of a social world of drinking and dinner. Even when ph
29、ilosophy became a subject for study in lecture and classroom, in its own right, it remained a very different business from our own academic tradition - for all that Platos school was the original Academy named after a suburb of Athens. On the other hand, remote or not, to read Plato is also to lead
30、philosophy that belongs to us, not just to them. Plato is still the most commonly read philosopher in the world; and as we read him now, we inevitably read him as part of our philosophical tradition, in the light of all those philosophers who have come since, who themselves had read Plato. Every sur
31、vival from the classical world is, of course, unique. At the same time, as this book will show, there are problems, stories, questions, significances that all those survivals hold in common; there is a place in our cultural story that they (and only they) share. That, and reflection on that, amounts
32、 to Classics. 1.According to the passage, which of the following can be inferred about Classics?2.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of Plato?3.The word “them” in paragraph 4 refers to （ ）.4.The passage is most likely a part of （ ）.5.The title that best expresses the idea o
33、f the passage is （ ）问题1选项A.Classics can only be understood from the treasure in the modem museums.B.Classics may just be snapshots of the ancient world.C.Classics are not only for one age but also for all time.D.Only those appearing in ancient Greece can be called Classics.问题2选项A.Plato lived in a ti
34、me when paper was made from the papyrus plant.B.Plato lived in a time when philosophy is part of peoples daily life.C.Platos writings were found in the Temple of Bassae.D.Platos writings are read by all people both in ancient times and at present.问题3选项A.the ancient peopleB.Platos studentsC.the Greek
35、 slavesD.philosophers问题4选项A.conclusionB.afterwordC.prefaceD.book review问题5选项A.Us and Them: ClassicsB.Philosophy and PlatoC.Museum and ClassicsD.Classics【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“The questions raised by Classics are the questions raised by our distance from their world and at th
36、e same time by our closeness to it, and by its familiarity to us in our museums, in our literature, languages, culture, and ways of thinking.”，可知古典文学提出的问题来自于我们和遥远世界的距离，与此同时，也是近距离时代的问题，以及在我们熟悉的博物馆、文学、语言、文化和思维方式中提出的问题。可推断出古典文学适用于所有时代。选项C符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第三段，“the ancient Greece, in which writing came not
37、 in printed books but on papyrus rolls”，可知在古希腊，文字不是写在纸上，而是印在纸草卷上。所以选项A符合文意，可排除。根据文章第三段，“in which philosophy was still thought of as an activity that went on in the open air life of the city, and was part of a social world of drinking and dinner.”，可知在柏拉图时代，哲学是人们生活的一部分，选项B符合文意，可排除。根据文章第四段，“remote or n
38、ot, to read Plato is also to lead philosophy that belongs to us, not just to them.”，不管时代的遥远与否，柏拉图哲学不仅属于他们，也属于我们，选项D符合文意，可排除。根据文章第二段第一句，“The issues raised by Bassae provide a model for understanding Classics in its widest sense.”，可知Bassae提出的问题为从最广泛的意义上理解古典文学提供了一种模式。并未提到柏拉图的作品是在巴塞神庙中被发现。选项C符合题意。3.推断题。
39、根据文章第四段，“On the other hand, remote or not, to read Plato is also to lead philosophy that belongs to us, not just to them.”，可知另一方面，不管是现代还是远古，柏拉图也是属于我们的哲学，而不仅仅是属于他们的哲学。又根据第一段中提到“Classics is a subject that exists in that gap between us and the world of the Greeks and Romans.”，可知古典文学是存在于我们和希腊罗马世界之间的一门学科
40、可推断出这里的them指古人。选项A符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章第一段“This book will explore that relationship, and its history, starting from a spectacle that is familiar”，以及文章最后一段 “as this book will show, there are problems, stories, questions, significances”，可知本篇文章是对一本书的内容进行了简单的介绍和阐述，所以应该是一本书的前言。选项C符合题意。5.主旨题。纵观全文，第一段主要提到古典文学存在
41、于我们和古人的世界差距之间。第二段主要介绍了古典文学的主要内容。第三段和第四段体现了现代和古希腊时期对哲学的不同观点。第五段提到古典文学不仅仅属于 “他们”，也属于 “我们”，适用于每个时代，有一些可以共享的文化故事。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题The Supreme Court ruled last week that a group of employees suing for age discrimination should get their day in court even though they filed their complaint on the wrong form.
42、The decision is noteworthy because it suggests that this court could be pulling back from what has often seemed like a knee-jerk inclination to rule for corporations over workers and customers.Group of couriers over the age of 40 sued Federal Express, claiming it tried to push out older workers. The
43、 issue was whether they submitted a proper complaint to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission within the legal time limit. FedEx claimed the couriers filed the wrong form, but the court ruled, 7 to 2, that an intake questionnaire and a signed affidavitwhich the E.E.O.C. considered a valid comp
44、laintmet its permissive standard for what was acceptable.It is surprising and welcome to see the court apply any sort of permissive standard, considering how it ruled in a similar case just last year. Through a tortured and illogical reading of the law, the court ruled, 5 to 4, that a Goodyear emplo
45、yee missed the deadline for filing a complaint that she was paid less than male colleagues.That was one of a series of rulings in recent years that stretched the law to come out against little-guy parties. In one egregious decision last year, the court ignored its precedents to hold that an inmate l
46、ost the right to challenge his murder conviction because he missed a deadline even though he had filed the appeal by the day the federal district judge (mistakenly) told him to.The FedEx ruling could be an aberration, or it could mark a new direction. The justices may have been chastened by the enor
47、mous criticism of the Goodyear ruling from Congress and the public. (The House has passed a bill reversing it, and the Senate may soon follow.) They may also be reactingas the court has been known to doto shifting political winds. Voters in this election year do not appear to favor the blind deferen
48、ce to corporate power that has been a theme of the last seven years.It would be a mistake to read too much into one decision. There is certainly evidence the court will not easily shake its undue solicitude for the problems of corporations. One example came last week, in Exxons challenge to a $2.5 billion punitive damages award against it arising out of the Exxon Valdez oil spill.Chief Justice John Roberts, who once p
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