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1、An Analysis of Domestication and Foreignization in Chinese-English Translation Submitted to the School of Foreign Languages In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for The Degree of Bachelor of Arts Taishan Medical University 泰山医学院本科毕业设计（论文） Abstract Guo Moruo once said translation is such a creative
2、 work that a good translation can be equal to, may even exceed, the original creation. It is never a mediocre job, and can sometimes more difficult than creation. In writing, one shall be rich experienced; while, in translating, one has to taste the life the author experienced. In contemporary world
3、, inter-translation between two different languages is playing a more and more crucial role in domestic foreignization; similarities and differences; influences; embodiment 泰山医学院本科毕业设计（论文） 摘要 郭沫若先生曾说：翻译是一种创造性工作，好的翻译等于创作，甚至还可能超过创作。 这不是一件平庸的工作，有时候翻译比创作还要困难。创作要有生活体验，翻译却要体验 别人体验的生活。 在当代，随着经济与社会的发展，跨语言间的
4、互译在国内及国际交往中发挥着越来越 重要的作用。中西方的翻译理论在长期的学术交流中发挥着不可磨灭的作用。然而当前人 们对于翻译或者相关的翻译理论认识却不足。韦努蒂先生在译者的隐身一文中提出了 归化和异化的观点，使人们对翻译的认识有了一个很大的进步。然而对同一作品各个译家 翻译也不同，正如那句话说的：一千个人眼里有一千个哈姆雷特。在各种版本的译文中， 细心研读我们总可以发现细微不同。 归化和异化是处理语言风格与文化差异的两种不同的翻译策略，本文用实例展示了两 者在翻译过程中相辅相成、并用互补与共存的辩证统一的关系，着重从两种不同的翻译方 法在中英双语互译时的不同体现描述，探讨异同以促进翻译事业的
5、进步。 关键词：异化； 归化；异同；影响；体现 泰山医学院本科毕业设计（论文） Contents Chapter 1 Introduction1 Chapter 2 Debate on Domestication and Foreignization3 2.1 Definition of Domestication and Foreignization 3 2.2 Debate on Domestication and Foreignization.4 Chapter 3 Relations between Domestication and Foreignization and the In
6、fluences6 3.1 Relations .6 3.2 Influences6 Chapter 4 Analysis of Domestication and Foreignization Based on Some Masterpieces.8 4.1 Chinese English 8 4.1.1 A Dream of Red Mansions8 4.1.2 A Tale of Peach Blossom Spring 9 4.1.3 East Gate 10 4.2 English Chinese 11 4.2.1 Hamlet.11 4.2.2 Of Study 12 Chapt
7、er 5 Conclusion .13 Notes.14 Bibliography.15 Acknowledgements 16 Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Introduction The communication among the countries has become much more important than ever along with the economic development of the globe. Translation, especially between cross- language translatio
8、n, has been playing a crucial role in promoting the cooperation and cultural exchange as a way to communication. The relation of domestication and foreignization, as a strategy and means, once puzzled many translators. It has been discussed in articles issued on the domestic and foreign language jou
9、rnals or magazines, those articles are dedicated into the discussion that the two strategies shall be applied into the translation and the practice. Some of them operate from a strategically advantageous position, making a summary from the respect of literal translation and free translation, no matt
10、er in what respect they have made great contribution to broaden the study of domestication and foreignization. And yet, there still exist some misunderstandings in the discussion among translators. Schleiermacher believes that translation can be divided into two methods: one is leave the author in p
11、eace, as much as possible, and move the reader toward the author; another is leave the reader in peace, as much as possible, move the author toward the reader. In China, the principle faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance - proposed by Yan Fu has a great influence on Chinese translators. While i
12、n 1987, Liu Kaiying published the article Domestication Translators Astray in Modern Foreign Language, pointing that domestication is an astray when translating, thus he energetically advocated the foreignizing translation. On the contrary, Cai Ping held different idea that domestication should main
13、ly be the strategy to translation, believing that the purpose of translation is communication in order to make the readers understand the original meaning, thus domesticating translation can be determined by the essence and purpose of the translation. Besides, some hold the idea that domestication a
14、nd foreignization are equal to literal translation and free translation, wrongly realized that the relations of literature strategy while domestication is one that the translator “leaves the reader in peace as much as possible, and moves the author towards him“1 in the book. By developing these two
15、terms, Venuti meant to argue against the tendency of the transparent translation and invisibility of the translator. Thus, it can be concluded that domestication refers to the target-culture-oriented translation in which unusual expressions to the target culture are exploited and turned into some fa
16、miliar ones so as to make the translated text intelligible and easy for the target readers, while foreignization is a source-culture-oriented Chapter 2 Debate on Domestication and Foreignization 4 translation which strives to preserve the foreign flavor as much as possible in order to transfer the s
17、ource language and culture into the target one. 2.2 Debate on Domestication and Foreignization The debate on foreignization or domestication can be viewed as the extension of the debate on “literal translation“ and “free translation“. A literal translation is a translation that follows closely not o
18、nly the content but also the form of the source language. It is also known as word- for-word translation, and translators engaged in literalism have been willing to sacrifice the formal elements of the target language and even the intelligibility of the target language text for the sake of preservin
19、g what they regard as the integrity of the source text. While those who favor free translation have quite often chosen to sacrifice the form of the source language for the sake of elegance and intelligibility in the target language. The two pairs of strategies share some similarities. literal transl
20、ation and foreignization put emphasis on the linguistic and stylistic features of the source text, and the target text translated in these ways may not be very smooth in language and the content may not be familiar to the target readers, so they may feel foreign when reading the translation, while f
21、ree translation and domestication pay more attention to the target audience, because of the smooth sentences, the familiar expressions and cultural phenomena, sometimes the target readers may not realize that they are actually reading a translated text from another culture. However, this does not me
22、an the two pairs are just one. There are some differences between them. When a translator resorts to either literal translating method or free translating method, he puts his attention mainly to the linguistic factors of the source text and tries his utmost to keep the original meaning in the target
23、 text. But with the development of the translation studies, plenty of translators and theorists have realized that translation is a far more complicated activity with various cultural, poetic, political as well as economic factors related to it. Therefore, foreignization and domestication are a pair
24、 of new translation strategies which are more complex and extensive than literal translation and free translation method. Domestication and foreignization, on a certain degree, are complementary to each other and a dialectical unity. Some scholars bear the idea in heart that we can not use them both
25、 together for they being diverse. If one strategy is used in the beginning, one must finish it with the method he adopts. But we may be unable to work it out so pure in the daily and pragmatic translation. To Chapter 2 Debate on Domestication and Foreignization 5 achieve a good work, on one hand, we
26、 shall faithfully reproduce the original thoughts and styles which may be involved with something exotic and unique in the source language; on the other hand, we shall take the readers opinion and the fluency of the work into consideration. So it is quite hard, unwise and unrealistic only to adopt o
27、ne method in some way. All the work we do is to translate good work no matter which approach we use. Chapter 3 Relations between Domestication and Foreignization and the Influences 6 Chapter 3 Relations between Domestication and Foreignization and the Influences 3.1 Relations Some scholars consider
28、that domestication and foreignization can not be mixed to use in one work, one must be held on straight to the end if you have to choose one. However, we can never absolutely guarantee the pureness in the actual translations. On one side, we shall faithfully keep the original style and idea which ha
29、ve strong exoticism in the original works, hence foreignizing translation may be inevitable; on the other hand, we shall take the expressiveness, elegance and the target culture, religion, politics, etc. into the consideration, thus domesticating translation can also be necessarily adopted. It is un
30、wise and unreal to choose one strategy without absorbing the advantages of another one, because they both have the merits and demerits. Meanwhile, we are faced with the choice from the beginning to the end, what we need to do is to seek for a “point“ where target language we translated shall approac
31、h to the reader, but simultaneously the translation shall be faithful to the original work. And yet, the “point“ is not the unalterable “midpoint“, we shall always bear the principle into mind that we can never deviate too much no matter what strategy we have chosen. The fluency and the elegance sho
32、uld not be omitted from when foreignization method is adopted; while the exotic style should not be excluded when the domestication method is taken. Thus the best way to create a good translation version is to draw the strong points from one of the two strategy to offset another ones weakness. In th
33、e actual translation, we shall pay additional attention to the complementary and dialectical relations. 3.2 Influences Translation is not only a linguistic activity, but also a process of thinking. Due to the different culture, nation and the unique thinking or language, domestication and foreigniza
34、tion as the two diverse strategies and methods will play a guiding role in translation. From a technical perspective, foreignizing translation will be conductive to the national culture construction. It can enrich the local culture and language by absorbing the new expressions. Translation can overc
35、ome the inherent specifications, which can refigure a new culture when the introduced concept has integrated into the local one in a certain time. The words Chapter 3 Relations between Domestication and Foreignization and the Influences 7 - natural selection and survival of the fittest translated by
36、 Mr. Yan Fu has shown a clear way to Chinese people since the end of Qing dynasty when the advanced people spread the new ideas and trends of the western to China, and the translation undertakings of China has ushered a summit since then. Besides, foreignization will be conductive to spread Chinese
37、culture and carry on while Hawkes took the foreignization method for target language readers, the word God is well acceptable by the western for he had changed the color of Buddhism into Christianity. 4.1.2 A Tale of Peach Blossom Spring A Tale of Peach Blossom Spring, written by Tao Yuanming, is a
38、masterpiece in history. In this article Tao Yuanming romanced a better world isolated the real one to show his desire. There are not a single version on the prose， including the four famous ones: A Tale of the Fountain of the Peach Blossom Spring - by Luo Jingguo, The Peach Colony - by Lin Yutang, P
39、each-Blossom Springs - by Fang Zhong, Peach-Blossom Source - by A. R. Davis. You may wonder why the title is not the one chosen from the four famous translations, personally I believe that “tale“ is suitable when interpret the title. Now I will present the following instance to discuss the topic. Ex
40、ample： 晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业，缘溪行，忘路之远近。忽逢桃花林，夹岸数百步，中无 杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷；渔人甚异之。 Lin: During the reign of Taiyuan of Chin, there was a fisherman of Wuling. One day he was walking along a bank. After having gone a certain distance, he suddenly came upon a peach grove which extended along the bank for about a hundred
41、 yards. He noticed with surprise that the grove had a magic effect, so singularly free from the usual mingling of brushwood, while the beautifully grassy ground was covered with its rose petals. 6 Chapter 4 Analysis of Domestication and Foreignization Based on Some Masterpieces 10 Davis: During the
42、Taiyuan period (376396 BC) of Jin, a man of Wuling, who made his living as a fisherman, ascended a stream, forgetful of the distance he traveled. Suddenly he came upon a grove of peach trees in blossom. They lined the banks for several hundred paces: among them were no other kinds of tree. The fragr
43、ant herbage was fresh and beautiful; fallen blossom lay in profusion. The fisherman, in extreme wonder, again The first sentence between the two versions differs a lot. The word “Chin“ and “Jin“ translated by the two people in various methods, the first sentence - by Lin can be divided into three sh
44、ort sentences with three verbs, while Davis adopts a long and complicated sentence with only one verb ascended. Lins version except the word above- mentioned is a kind of domestication which is popular and easy to understand for Chinese people; however Daviss version we can call it foreignization lo
45、oks more professional. 4.1.3 East Gate East Gate is a section of the classic poem East Gate from The Book of Poetry. More than one man has interpreted it, today I will select the version of Zhao Yanchun and Ezra Pound to study the focuses. Example：East Gate 出其东门，有女如云。虽则如云，匪我思存。缟衣綦巾，聊乐我员。 Zhao: Out o
46、f the East Town Gate Outside the east town gate, Like clouds, girls congregate. Although they congregate, None I take as my mate. In scarf green and clothes white She does my heart delight! 7 Ezra Pound: East Gate At the great gate to the East mix clouds be girls like clouds who cloud not my thought
47、 in the least. Gray scarf and a plain silk grown Chapter 4 Analysis of Domestication and Foreignization Based on Some Masterpieces 11 Take delight in one alone. It is not difficulty to observe that the title of the poem is different. Out of the East Town Gate by Zhao is faithful to the original and
48、corresponding to Chinese culture. Pound thinks “East Gate“ is more reasonable. The word “out“ is a verb, but “to“ used by Pound is preposition. Mr. Zhao believes that domestication is one of the best way to deal with ancient Chinese poem. The last two sentences Pound translated looks much more bette
49、r with adopting the foreignization way. The language Pound used is simplicity and the style is clarity, which gives us a new image of traditional Chinese poem. 4.2 English Chinese 4.2.1 Hamlet Hamlet, written by Shakespeare, is one of the best-known masterpieces. The work has been translated into many languages, today the following version I chose is from Zhu Shenghao and Bian Zhilin. Example: What a piece of work is a man! How noble in reason! How infinite in faculty! In form and moving how express and admirable! In action how like an angle! In apprehe