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1、,直接引语和间接引语,By Li Wenqin（Sept. 7th，2008）,直接引语： 直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引号。 例：He said:“ It is too late.“ 间接引语： 用自己的话转述他人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。 例：He said it was too late.,直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的变化,1.句式结构上的变化,解题步骤:,1）. 陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接, that 无实际意义，可省略。例 :,“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to
2、 her friends,that,said,didnt,she,Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.,Sarah,Lana said : “I am mad at Marcia.” Lana said ( that ) she was mad at Marcia. He said : “We are good at English.” He said (that ) they were good at English. She said to me : “She does her homework every nig
3、ht.” She told me( that )she did her homework every night.,2）.一般疑问句，选择疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或whether。 “Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?”, they asked him,They asked him,if / whether,it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,asked,was,They asked him if it was easy to improve th
4、e condition of the soil.,She asked me,“ Are you Mr. Li?“ She asked me if I was Mr. Li. She asked us,“ Do you want to go on a picnic?“ She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic. He asked, “Do you speak English or French ?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French.,3）.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。 They
5、asked him “ When do you harvest the wheat ?”,They asked him,when,you harvest the wheat.,he,harvested,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,例如：“How much have we spent on petrol this year,“ Susan asked her husband. Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year. He asked me
6、: “What time is it now?” He asked me what time it was then. 注意：转述问句时后面用陈述句语序。,4）. 祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加四去。,一改：said (to) 改为asked或told 二变：said to 的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语 三加：即在动词原形前加to，使成为动词不定式 四去：去掉please,“Dont talk in class,” the teacher said to us.,解题步骤:,The teacher said to us,Dont,not to,talk in class,said to,
7、told,The teacher told us not to talk in class.,例：He said to her:“ Dont take the book away, please “ He asked her not to take the book away. He said to me : “Please do it again.” He told/ asked me to do it again. The teacher said : “Dont talk in class ,Tom .” The teacher told/ asked Tom not to talk i
8、n class .,2.时态变化,直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致.,1） .主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。 He says:“ I bought you a book yesterday.” He says that he bought me a book yesterday.,2）.当主句为过去时，从句要跟着相应的变化,变化如下：,一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 一般将来时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时,一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去将来时 过去完成时 不变 不变,往前推一个时态,1“I am very glad to vi
9、sit your school”, she said. She said that she was very glad to visit our school. 2. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” Tom said that they were listening to the pop music. 3. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” Mother asked me whether I had finished my hom
10、ework before I watched TV.,4. He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus. 5. “Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. The teacher asked why she had refused to go there. 6. Mother asked m
11、e, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.,注意：,1.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。例如： Teacher said to us:“ The moon moves round the earth.“ Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth. The teacher said to us : “Lig
12、ht travels faster than sound .” The teacher said that light travels faster than sound .,2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。例如 ： She said:“ I went to England in 1998.” She said she went to England in 1998.,直接引语里的第一人称和第二人称，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。例如： 直接引语 She said:“ I am hungry。” 间接引语 She said she was hungr
13、y. 直接引语 Mum said to me:“ You can clean your bedroom tomorrow.” 间接引语 Mum told me that I could clean my bedroom the next day .,3.人称的变化。,“一主、二宾、三不变”,4.其他变化,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,时 间 状 语,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now, today ， this week yesterday last week four days ago tomorrow next month,then, that day
14、 that week the day before the week before four days before the next day the next month,here,there,come,go,bring,take,Summary,陈述句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 祈使句,that引导 if/whether 引导 原疑问词引导 ask / told sb to do sth.,1.主句为现在时态 2.主句为过去时态,时态不变 往前推一个时态,第一人称 第二人称 第三人称,与主句主语人称一致 与主句宾语人称一致 不变,句式结构,时态,人称,其他,宾语从句,语序,疑问句,陈述句语序
15、,Try to do SB P.5 Ex.2 Change the sentences either into direct speech or indirect speech:,1. Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home. 2. Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows. 3. The girl said that she needed to pa
16、ck up her things in the suitcase very quickly.,Practice,4. Her father asked her why she chose/ had chosen her diary and old letters. 5. “Are you very hot with so many clothes on?” Mother asked/said to her. 6. “What else have you hidden under your overcoat?” Margot asked her. 7. “ When shall we go ba
17、ck home?” Anne asked her father. 8. “ Why did you talk so much to that boy?” Father asked Anne.,Practice,专项练习,一、把下列的句子变成间接引语：,1. “Im leaving for London next week.” my sister said to me. 2. John said, “Mr. Smith has come here.” 3. She said, “Do you want me to help you?” 4. “How many people are there
18、in your family?” he asked the boy. 5. “Dont worry.” the mother said to the children. 6. He said, “Please give me a book.”,二、 把下列句子变成直接引语：,1. She told us to stop writing and listening to her. 2. She asked me which one I liked the best. 3. He asked whether I had watched TV the night before. 4. Jim asked me if I was busy that day. 5. The old worker told us not to forget the past. 6. Pick said that he would take Mary there the next time.,Thank you!,