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1、2012中石油职称英语押题宝典3.On Mobile Office 移动的办公室1.Mobile office is the mutual product of economic,scientific,and social progress. Mobile office has become a solution that provides users with convenient,prompt,safe,reliable,and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime via the supp
2、ort of mobile interconnection platform (MIP) and its applications systems. Using mobile office and WAP technology,people can do their work anywhere anytime,can send and receive data via terminals such as mobile phone,palm computer,and PDA,and can surf the Internet. Integrating Internet and mobile co
3、mmunications network,and providing powerful applications support capacity for wireless interconnection,mobile interconnection platform (MIP) is an important network support technology to accomplish mobile office. 1.移动办公室是经济、科技、社会三者发展进步的共同产物。通过无线互联平台（MIP）及其应用系统的支撑，移动办公室已经成为一种能够使用户获得随时随地、简便快捷、安全可靠、价格合
4、理的通信和办公能力的解决方案。通过移动办公室和无线接入协议（WAP）技术，人们可以在任何时间任何地点办公，可以从移动电话、掌上电脑、个人数字助理（PDA）等终端设备上收发数据，遨游于互联网上。无线互联平台将因特网和移动通信网络有机地整合起来，为无线互联提供强大的应用支撑能力，是实现移动办公室重要的网络支撑技术。2.When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business,what would happen to your business routine? Of course,faxes and e- mails w
5、ould be still sent to your fax machine or e- mail box,but you cannot read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant documents,what can you do? Maybe you have to say “sorry”to
6、 the clients. But,your business will be affected,the clients will be unhappy and disappointed because of your delay,and you will lose a lot of business opportunities. 2. 当你离开办公室，忙于参加会议或出差在外时，你的日常工作业务会怎样呢？当然，传真和电子邮件依然会到达你的传真机和电子信箱，但是你却不能及时地看到它们并迅速作出反应。当你的客户需要你对某项工作进行一些紧急修改，而你恰好不在办公室，又没有随身携带相关文件时，怎么办呢
7、？你也许只能向客户说“对不起”了。但是，你的业务将受到影响，客户们也会因为你的延迟而感到不快和失望，因而你失去许多商机。3.In fact,very frequently,you need to check,reply,distribute,display,modify,or read some materials when you are not in your office.You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not
8、 to disappoint your clients is to let your office “move”with you. Thus，you can have convenient,prompt,safe,reliable,and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime.With the development of communications technology,network application,and wireless interconnection,mobile offic
9、e has become simpler and smaller,and even can be realized via one mobile phone with data communications function. Thus,mobile office has already been put into your pocket,and office mobility has been realized.It uses its mobile phone function to make voice communication,and uses its data communicati
10、ons function to do most computation and storage in the networks other mainframes.It uses the network to get necessary materials and data,and uses mobile phones infrared interface to connect with computers,printers,scanners,etc. 3. 实际上，当你不在办公室，但需要对某些材料进行查阅、回复、分发、展示、修改或宣读的情形是很常见的。因此，你必须从这种困境中解脱出来。使自己能
11、够随时随地正常处理业务，不让客户失望，最好的解决办法就是让你的办公室也随你一起“移动”起来，使你获得随时随地、简单快捷、安全可靠、价格合理的通信和办公能力。随着通信技术、网络应用以及无线互联的发展，移动办公室已经变得越来越简单小巧，甚至只需一个具有数据通信功能的移动电话即可实现。此时，移动办公室已经被你装进了口袋，从而真正实现了办公的移动性。它利用移动电话功能进行语音通信；利用数据通信功能，使大部分计算和存储工作都在网络的其他主机上进行；利用网络获得需要的材料和数据；利用移动电话的红外接口与电脑、打印机、扫描仪等设备相连。4.Mobile office has provided people
12、with convenient,casual working environment,but at the same time it still has some unsatisfactory aspects such as mismatching equipment interface and inadequate battery. Nevertheless,we believe that with technical progress,people can certainly overcome all kinds of difficulties. Mobile office will ma
13、ke your career unimpeded,and will realize the dream of completely free communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better working environment,and users living standard,working efficiency,and even enterprises production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised. 4.移动办公室给人们带来了方便随意的工作环境，
14、但同时也存在着一些诸如设备接口不匹配、电池电力不足等不尽如人意的地方。但是，我们相信，随着技术的进步，人们肯定能战胜种种困难。移动办公室将使你的事业畅通无阻，实现完全自由通信的梦想。用户将会享受多彩的生活和美好的工作环境；用户的生活水平、工作效率以及企业的生产效率，必将大大提高。一、 翻译（第七课）1.Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been st
15、eadily increasing. Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing realization that the
16、 only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions-short of a massive shift away from the private automobile- is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas. liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol.1.尽管近几年来私人机动车
17、辆排放的有害污染物已有相当程度的减少，但这类车辆的数量却仍在稳定地增长。因此，美国100多个城市仍然存在着超过法律限定的一氧化碳、悬浮颗粒物和臭氧（由于车辆排出气体中碳氢化合物经过光化反应产生）。人们逐渐认识到实现车辆尾气排放更进一步减少的唯一有效方法-大规模消减私人小汽车除外-是用燃烧更为清洁的燃料，如压缩天然气、液化石油气、乙醇或甲醇代替传统的柴油和汽油。2.All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline. Thes
18、e molecules burn more cleanly than gasoline, in part because they have fewer, if any, carbon-carbon bonds and the hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of larger molecules, which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds involves a more complex series of reactions. Thes
19、e reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely to release uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compressed natural gas would require that vehicles have set of heavy
20、fuel tanks- a serious liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency-and liquefied petroleum gas faces fundamental limits on supply.2.所有这些替代物都是碳基燃料，它的分子要比汽油的小而简单。这些分子要比汽油燃烧得更为清洁，部分是因为他们碳-碳键较少，而且即使会释放出碳氢化合物，也不太可能会成为臭氧。较大分子的燃烧，由于它们具有多重碳-碳，伴随着更为复杂的一系列反应。这些反应增加了不完全燃烧得可能性并且易于放出未燃烧的、易起光化反应的碳氢化合物释放到
21、大气中。从另一方面来说，替代燃料也有缺点。压缩天然气要求车辆有一套沉重的燃料箱-在外观和燃料效率方面有严重的不利之处-并且液化石油气面临着基本的供应量限制。3.Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other carbon-based alternative fuels: they have higher energy content per volume and would require minimal changes in the existing network for distr
22、ibuting motor fuel. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. Methanols most attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle emissions that f
23、orm ozone, the most serious urban air pollutant.3.从另一个方面来看，乙醇和甲醇具有由于其他碳基替代燃料的重要优势：它们在单位容量下有更高的能量含量，并且只需要在现存的配送燃料的网络中做很小的变更。乙醇通常用作汽油的补充燃料，但它现在的价格是甲醇的两倍，后者的低成本是具有吸引力的特征之一。不过，甲醇最吸引人的特征是它能够将形成臭氧的车辆尾气这一严重的城市空气污染减少90%。（第十一课 Smoking and Cancer）1. Americans smoke six thousand million cigarettes every year (
24、1970 figures). This is roughly the equivalent of 4,195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more. It is estimated that 51% of American men smoke compared with 34% of American women. 1、美国人每年抽烟60亿支(1970年的统计数字)。这大致等于每个18岁以上的人一年要吸4195支烟。据估计，美国有51的男性吸烟，而女性吸烟的比例则为34。2. S
25、ince 1939,numerous scientific studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking
26、,particularly cigarette smoking,is associated with shortened life expectancy. 2、1939年以来，为了确定抽烟是否有害健康进行了大量的科学研究。证据所显示的趋势是一贯的，并表明对人体的健康有严重的危险。许多研究小组进行的研究不容置疑地表明，吸食烟草，特别是吸卷烟与预期寿命缩短有关。3. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of
27、cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of the bladder and the oral cavity. Male cigarette Smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. (Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke
28、 so deeply.) The majority of doctors and researchers consider these relationships proved to their satisfaction and say,Give up smoking. If you dont smoke-dont start! 3、这方面的研究人员大都相信吸卷烟是产生肺癌、喉癌的重要因素，还认为膀胱癌、口腔癌也与此有关。男性吸烟者的心脏病死亡率比不吸烟的高。(他们认为女性吸烟者受影响小一些，因为她们吸烟不那么深。)大多数医生和研究人员认为，上述那些关系已得到令人满意的证实，并且告诫说：“戒烟
29、吧，如果你不会抽-那可不要学!”4. Some competent physicians and research workers-though their small number is decreased even further-are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. They consider the increase in respiratory diseases and various forms of cancer may possibly be explained by other factors
30、in the complex human environment -atmospheric pollution,increased nervous stress,chemical substances in processed food,or chemical pesticides that are now being used by farmers in vast quantities to destroy insects and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases,they say,may also,by c
31、oincidence,live in industrial areas,or eat more canned food. Gradually,however,research is isolating all other possible factors and proving them to be statistically irrelevant. 4、有些精通业务的医生和研究人员-虽然这些人不多，并且人数在进一步减少-不那么肯定吸卷烟对人体健康有影响。他们认为呼吸系统疾病和各种癌症的增多也许可以说是由于人类复杂环境中另外一些因素，即：空气的污染、人们精神压力的增大、经过加工的食品中的化学物
32、质、或化学杀虫药引起的。农民现在大量使用这些农药杀死昆虫和小动物。据他们说，那些患了癌症或肺病的人可能恰巧也住在工业区，或是吃了更多的罐头食品。但是研究工作逐渐排除了其它因素的可能性，并且用统计数字证明这些因素是无关的。5. Apart from the scientific statistics,it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco actually does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases,vaporized chemicals,minute particles
33、of ash,and other solids. There is also nicotine,which is a powerful poison,and black tar. As the smoke is breathed in,all these components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube,or bronchus,divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.5、除了科学统计
34、之外，研究工作还有助于认清吸食烟草对人体的实际影响。抽烟产生的烟雾是一种混合的气体，包括气化的化学物质，极小的灰末微粒和其它固体，还有毒性很强的尼古丁和黑焦油。当吸进烟时，所有这些成分就都沉淀在肺膜上。在气管和支气管分支的地方有一个集中点。大部分肺癌就从这里发端。6. Smoking also affects the heart and blood vessels. It is known to be related to Beurgers disease,a narrowing of the small veins in the hands and feet that can cause g
35、reat pain and lead even to amputation of limbs. Smokers also die much more often from heart disease.6、抽烟也影响心脏和血管。现已查明抽烟与伯尔格氏病有关。这种疾病使手脚的细静脉不断缩小，从而引起剧烈疼痛甚至会导致截肢。抽烟者死于心脏病的也比不吸烟的人多得多。7. While all tobacco smoking affects life and expectancy and health,cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater eff
36、ect than cigar or pipe smoking. However,nicotine consumption is not diminished by the latter forms,and current research indicates a causal relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer,but th
37、ey can only marginally reduce,not eliminate the hazards.7、尽管吸食各种烟草都会影响预期寿命和健康，但是抽香烟的影响要比抽雪茄和抽烟斗大得多。不过，后两种并不能减少对尼古丁的吸食，并且当编者注：本篇文章写作日期较早。事实上，近年来美国吸烟人口比率以及吸烟量一直在持续下降。根据美国疾病预防与控制中心的报告，2003年美国抽烟人口比率已经下降到21、6。美国对吸烟有明确的法律规定：未满21周岁的人不得吸烟；在公共场所，如图书馆、教堂、超市、饭店、公共汽车、地铁等处不得吸烟。美国对烟草行业的征税特别重，故烟价很高，这也是限制吸烟的重要措施。前的
38、研究指出各式各样的吸烟都和口腔癌、喉癌有某种因果关系。据称过滤嘴香烟和低焦油烟草能使吸烟在某种程度上比较安全，但是这只能略微减少危害，而不能消除危害。（第二十二课An Introduction to Distillation 蒸馏概述）2. Refining petroleum is a complex series of steps by which the original crude material is eventually converted into salable products with the desired qualities and,perhaps more impo
39、rtant,in the amounts dictated by the market. 2、石油炼制包含一系列复杂的过程。通过这些过程，石油原料最终转化成为可销售的产品。这些产品在质量上符合人类需要，而更重要的是它们在数量上符合市场要求。3. In fact,a refinery is essentially a group of manufacturing plants that vary in number with the variety of products produced; refinery processes must be selected and products man
40、ufactured to give a balanced operation: that is,crude oil must be converted into products according to the rate of sale of each. For example,the manufacture of products from the lower boiling portion of petroleum automatically produces a certain amount of higher boiling components. If the latter can
41、not be sold as,say,heavy fuel oil,they accumulate until refinery storage facilities are full. To prevent the occurrence of such a situation,the refinery must be flexible and able to change operations as needed. This usually means more processes-a cracking process to change an excess of heavy fuel oi
42、l into more gasoline with coke as the residual product or a vacuum distillation process to separate the heavy oil into lubricating oil stocks and asphalt-to accommodate the ever-changing demands of the market. 3、实际上，炼油厂从根本上说是一组生产装置，其数量根据生产产品的不同而不同。炼油工艺须经选择，产品生产应该平衡：即从原油生产产品必须依据每一产品的销售速度而进行。比如，从沸点较低的
43、组分生产石油产品，就会自动产生一定数量的高沸点产品。如果高沸点产品，如重燃料油，无法销售，这些产品就会积压，直到装满炼厂的储存设施。要避免这种情况出现，炼厂应采取灵活措施，并能够根据需要改变操作。一般而言，这意味着需要更多的工艺以适应不断变化的市场需求：运用裂化工艺将过剩重燃料油转化成汽油，而焦碳成为残余品；或者运用真空蒸馏工艺将重油分解成润滑油和沥青。4.In addition,a complete refining installation must include the following: all necessary non-processing facilities; adequa
44、te tankage for storing crude oil,intermediate,and finished products; a dependable source of electrical power,material-handling equipment; workshops and supplies for maintaining a continuous 24 h/day,7 day/week operation; waste disposal and water-treating equipment; and product-blending facilities. 4
45、、此外，一套完整的炼油装置须包括以下设备：所有必须的非工艺设施：足够的储罐容量用以储存原油、中间产品和成品；可靠的电力和物质处理设备来源；用于维持一天24小时，一周七天连续运转所需的车间和物资：废料和污水处理设备；以及产品调合设施。5. In the early stages of refinery development,when illuminating and lubricating oils were the main products,distillation was the major and often only refinery process. At that time,ga
46、soline was a minor,but more often unwanted,product. As the demand for gasoline increased,conversion processes were developed because distillation could no longer supply the necessary quantities. 5、在早期炼油工业发展过程中，照明用油和润滑油是主要的产品，蒸馏则成了主要的甚至经常是唯一的炼油工艺。当时，汽油本身尽管不是重要产品，但也常讨人嫌。随着市场对汽油需求的增加，产品转化工艺随之发展，因为蒸馏已不能
47、满足对汽油的数量需求。6. Nevertheless,distillation has remained a major refinery process and a process to which just about every crude that enters the refinery is subjected. A multitude of separations are accomplished by distillation,but its most important and primary function in the refinery is its use for th
48、e separation of crude oil into component fractions. 6、但是，蒸馏仍然是重要的炼油工艺，而且所有原油进入炼厂都必须经过蒸馏。许多分离过程是通过蒸馏进行的，但蒸馏在炼油厂中的最重要和主要的功能则是它在将原油分离成不同馏分过程中的作用。（第二十六课 The Magic of Energy）3、当燃料与氧气结合，我们就说燃料开始燃烧了，实际发生的是化学能（燃料与氧气）转化成热能。当燃料（我们吃的食物）与我们呼吸的氧气结合，我们获得我们身体运动所需的热能。4.When you pop a frozen waffle into the toaster,
49、electrical energy turns into heat energy.4、当你取出一块冷冻饼放进烤面包器时，电能转化成了热能。5.In the internal-combustion engine of a car,an electric spark explodes gasses in the cylinder;the heat energy moves the pistons,becoming mechanical energy to move the car.5、在汽车的内燃机引擎里，电火花引爆气缸里的燃料气体，然后热能推动活塞，成为机械能推动汽车行驶。6.In a steam engine,the chemical energy of fuel is changed to heat energy;the heated water,now steam,forces the pistons to move.In a steam turbine,the steam pushes against blades.In both cases,mechanical energy res