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1、本科生毕业论文 本科生毕业论文 论中国英语语言特征及 其对英语的影响 院 （系）名 称：外 语 系 专 业 名 称：英 语 学 号： 学 生 姓 名： 指 导 教 师： 讲师 2011 年 6 月 本科生毕业论文 Acknowledgements My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to my supervisor Lecturer XXX, for her constant encouragement and guidance. Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude
2、to my teachers XXX who give me some constructive suggestions. They have modified my paper carefully and we often discussed issues of it together. Without their consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form. Last my thanks would go to my beloved family f
3、or their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis. 本科生毕业论文 Abstract China English has arouse
4、d great attention along with the increasingly growing number of English learners in China, followed by more and more frequent communication between China and the World. It is a variety of Standard English, which demands a deep and thorough study from different perspectives. This paper firstly gives
5、the definition and the nature of China English based on the research findings of many scholars. Then it intends to study the linguistic features of China English and analyzes its impact on Standard English accordingly. In addition, the prospect of China English is also discussed. Language is the car
6、rier of culture; China English was deeply affected by Chinese culture; the impact of China English indicates the impact of Chinese culture and implies the enhancement of Chinas status in the World. This is of greater significance than the mere study on language itself. The study is expected to impro
7、ve understanding of China English and encourage more researchers to conduct further studies on China English. Key words: China English; Standard English; linguistic features; impact 本科生毕业论文 摘 要 中国与世界的交流日益频繁，英语学习者的队伍愈加庞大，中国英语已 经引起广泛关注。中国英语作为英语的一种变体，我们需要从各个方面对其 进行更加细致深入的研究。本文首先从中国英语的定义着手，旨在众多学者 的研究成果之
8、上，总结中国英语的定义，进而分析中国英语的语言特点及其 对英语的影响，并对中国英语的发展趋势做出合理预测。语言是文化的载体， 中国英语深受汉语影响，并承载了中国文化；中国英语对英语的影响也暗含 着中国文化对英语的影响，中国日益增强的国际地位；这要比仅仅研究中国 英语本身意义重大得多。作者希望本文能够加深读者对于中国英语的理解， 并且希望有更多的学者继续深入探索中国英语。 关键词：中国英语；标准英语；语言特征；影响 本科生毕业论文 Contents I. Introduction1 II. The Linguistic Features of China English3 2.1 Definit
9、ion of China English 3 2.2 The Linguistic Features of China English6 2.2.1 The Phonetic Features6 2.2.2 The Lexical Features9 2.2.3 The Syntactic Features12 2.2.4 The Textual Features14 2.3 Nature of China English15 III. The Impact of China English on Standard English17 3.1 The Impact on Vocabulary1
10、7 3.2 The Impact on Syntax21 3.3 The Impact on Text Structure23 IV. Conclusion25 Works Cited27 本科生毕业论文 1 I. Introduction China English has become a hot topic among the research of English varieties. It is widely acknowledged that intercultural communication calls for a common medium, namely, Lingua
11、Franca. English is fitting to play such a role. A study shows that as many as 1.5 billion people are now capable of using English to different degrees, and non-native speakers comprising more than two thirds of its potential speakers, heavily outnumbering the native speakers by the end of 20th centu
12、ry (Todd 41). English globalization has actually triggered the localization of English language, because each nation possesses different history, culture, political environment, etc. Thus, English, as a tool for international communication, is bound to be branded with different national colours. The
13、 wide use of English among non-native and native speakers in a diverse range of social and cultural contexts will inevitably produce regional varieties. China owns the largest English learning group in the world. And some experts in the Global Language Monitor said “Today, some 1.53 billion people n
14、ow speak English as a primary, auxiliary, or business language, with some 250 million acquiring the language in China alone” (languagemonitor). As we know, language used by a huge amount of people may hold more influence. So, it is of realistic value to study China English. 本科生毕业论文 2 Many studies ha
15、ve been launched on defining China English and its features or impacts on English. For the part of research on the definition of China English, these studies are not precise. For the part of research on the features of China English, these studies are not systematic. Although many scholars contribut
16、e a lot, these studies are not authoritative or persuasive. Therefore, further verification is necessary. This study is based on the previous conclusions. The limitations of previous research will be taken into consideration. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the features of China English and
17、 its impact on English. It will present the definition and features of China English from phonetic, lexical syntactic and textual dimensions. After that the impact on English will be delineated from different aspects. By verifying previous conclusions and establishing new findings, the results of th
18、e study in this thesis could be more objective and convincing. 本科生毕业论文 3 II. The Linguistic Features of China English Each language has its own special features. English spreads widely in China. It is deeply affected by Chinese language, culture and customs. English in China has changed a lot, and n
19、ow it is called China English. In this chapter, the definition, features and nature of China English will be analyzed. 2.1 Definition of China English The culture of China is respected by the entire world. Foreigners have a great deal of enthusiasm for Chinese culture. It is inevitable that China En
20、glish exists in China. China English has some characteristics of Chinese, no one could prevent its development, and Chinese have responsibility to spread China culture and put China English more forward. The expression “China English” was firstly brought in 1980 by Ge Chuangui in his Rambling about
21、the Chinese-English Translation (15-18). The definition and the standard of China English have been intensively discussed over thirty years. A number of scholars have proposed their definitions of China English from their own perspectives. Wang Rongpei holds that the definition of China English shou
22、ld cover the following three points. 本科生毕业论文 4 (1) China English is used by Chinese people in China. (2) China English has Standard English as its core. (3) China English has Chinese features (3-5). Li Wenzhong disagrees with Wang Rongpei on the definition of China English and maintains that China E
23、nglish is not only used in mainland China (18- 19). He argues that quite a few Chinese borrowings have entered the English languages and become part of it by transliteration and loan translation. For examples: tea, kowtow, and Great Leap Forward. Xie Zhijun is against Li Wenzhongs point of view abou
24、t China English. Xie holds that China English have been influenced by Chinese in all the aspects of lexical, syntactical and textual (7-11). On the basis of his argument, Xie makes his contribution to China English. China English is an interferential English variety used by Chinese people in cross-c
25、ultural communication; its interference is caused by the Chinese language, the way of Chinese thinking as well as Chinese culture. China English is based on normative English and is capable of entering the English languages. Also Jia Guanjie and Xiang Mingyou think that China English is an English v
26、ariety used by the Chinese-speaking people and based on Standard English having Chinese characteristics which are unavoidable and useful to spread Chinese culture (11-12). 本科生毕业论文 5 From the various definitions of China English, some of the properties of China English can be summarized as follows. (
27、1) China English is English used not only by the Chinese but also the people from English-speaking countries. “The Linguistic and Cultural Identities of China English and the Application in Chinese” refers to the Chinese people as those who have grown up in Chinas social and cultural background to c
28、ommunicate with the English-speaking people. (2) It is based on Standard English (Standard English in this thesis means British English and American English), that is, it is in accord with the grammar of Standard English. (3) It is a transfer variety of English affected by Chinese culture. There sho
29、uld be more investigations about the definition of China English. But this thesis defines China English based on the total analysis and study of all kinds of China English. China English must be accepted by the natives, and the existence of China English is affected by Chinese culture. The Chinese c
30、ulture that affected English can be divided into two categories, material culture and spiritual culture. Only under certain culture and ideology, can China English appear. It includes politics, economy, historic terminology, and literary quotations and so on. China English has its own words, phrases
31、 and syntax. 本科生毕业论文 6 China English is an interferential English variety affected by Chinese language and special habits of Chinese thinking; it is treats normative English as core and expresses special things in China culture; and it can be accepted by English-speaking countries. This paper mainly
32、 discuses China English based on this new definition. 2.2 The Linguistic Features of China English China English, with the international Standard English as its core, spreads Chinese culture, works, minds and tradition into the world by transliteration and loan translation; at the same time, it inte
33、grates many Chinese features. In this chapter, the features of China English will be mainly analyzed from phonetics, lexicon and syntax. 2.2.1 The Phonetic Features The main phonetic features of China English include adding a vowel after some unvoiced sounds, stressing the prepositions and modifier
34、in the structure of modifier+noun, and lacking in assimilation and continuation and often in falling tones. There are too many accents in China English. Stress position is also different from that of Standard English. The phonetic of China English are influenced by Chinese. Chinese is tone language
35、and its meanings are distinguished by tones; however, in English its 本科生毕业论文 7 meanings are distinguished according to sentences. When Chinese people are speaking English, they cannot always effectively control the accent, secondary accent, rising tones or falling tones. Chinese people always like t
36、o stress the second syllable when they pronounce polysyllabic words. One typical example is “hospital /hspitl/, /hspitl/; obvious /b vis/, /bvis/; decade /dekeid/, /dekeid/”. In addition, the intonation is relatively flat. Some people neglect the ending consonant, or add the vowel / after it, such a
37、s put, asked. Furthermore, there are 48 phonemes in English, but 40 in Chinese, which lacks /l/, /u/, /ei/, /, /, /, /, and /. Most people find it difficult to pronounce them, and they have no choice but to replace them with similar phonemes. For example, / and / are pronounced as /s/ and /z/, and /
38、w/ and /v/ are hardly distinguished from each other. And different people with different accents pronounce individual phonemes differently. John T. Platt once mentions that Hong Kong people often use a simple vowel to take the place of diphthong (For example: /tks/, takes), a short vowel to long vow
39、el (For example: /ks/, sharks), which is relevant with the pronunciation of Cantonese accent. Sometimes Shanghainese cannot distinguish /n/, / and /l/, and Shenyang people cannot distinguish /s/ from / (406). These do not constitute the common features of China English. 本科生毕业论文 8 Britain scholar Lor
40、eto Todd and American scholar L. Hancock points out in their International English Usage that the changes of pronunciation in China English is mainly influenced by the native accent of Chinese and foreign teachers from different countries (77-79). They also illustrate 7 kinds of changes including th
41、e non-rhotic accents and the structure of consonant + vowel + consonant + vowel. China English also holds the characteristics of mixing British accent and American English, and sticks to the pronunciation according to dictionaries. Before 1970s, most of the textbooks and audio materials brought in w
42、ere from Britain, so the English spoken by Chinese are more similar to RP (Received Pronunciation). English departments at that time took RP as standard pronunciation and take Linguaphone as the main example to learn from. When entered the 1970s, there are more American cultural experts who came to
43、China to teach than British ones. And many Chinese listen to the programs from America in preparation for TOEFL, thus, GA (General American English Pronunciation) began to take the upper hand gradually. With the influence of Chinese native language, China English does not emphasize stress and its to
44、ne is flatter, so the American English takes a domain part naturally. The phonetics of China English is definitely based on Standard English; but Chinese students are often studying both British English and American English at 本科生毕业论文 9 the same time, so their pronunciations are always mixed with Br
45、itish and American accents. In terms of phonetic, the main features of China English lie in Suprasegmental phonemes, including stress, tone, intonation, assimilation and so on. For example, Chinese is tone language, and different meanings are embodied in its tones; while English is intonation langua
46、ge, whose intonation and stress determine the meaning. So in China English, the stress is always not very clear and the intonation is kind of even. The research on the Suprasegmental characters of China English has just begun; it needs more support from experts and scholars, so that the system of the phonetic characters of China English can be built. 2.2.2 The Lexical Features The most outstanding feature of China English centralizes in lexical features, which is almost embodies in every field. Because of the different background