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1、English Writing for Doctoral Student,邓天文， CSUFT 13787317556 2011年8月,The Diaoyu Islands are sacred Chinese territory and if Japan clings obstinately to its mistake, China will take further actions. 钓鱼岛是中国的神圣领土，如果日本执意不改正其错误，中国会采取进一步行动。 More than 100 demonstrators in Shandong province, joined in an an
2、ti-Japanese march on Thursday morning, chanting slogans and waving banners in protest.,Slogans and Banners,“Free our compatriots” “Return our territory” “The Diaoyu Islands belong to China“ “Safeguard our territory” “Boycott Japanese products” “Defend Diaoyu Islands” “Out of Diaoyu Islands“ “The Dia
3、oyu Islands are part of Chinas territory“,About This Course,Overall Periods: 28 Objectives: 1. to facilitate understanding qualities of good English writing, esp.of good sentences and paragraphs. 2. to identify difficulties and weakness in writing good sentences, well-organized paragraphs and texts
4、3. to develop and acquire writing skills for good English writing 4. to develop ability of logical thinking,Methodology:,1. large quantities of reading activities 2. great amounts of writing practice 3. respective comments 4. self-improvements,Teaching Contents,good writing of English sentences well
5、-planned English paragraphs effective texts of great unity,well-planned English paragraphs,structure and cohesion by process by example by generalization by comparison and contrast by cause and effect by classification by definitions by time and space data interpretation,effective texts of great uni
6、ty,Introduction Discussion Reports: studies and research Surveys and questionaires Conclusion,Assessment,Class Attendance: 20% -2 for absence without permission -1 for being late, leaving earlier than scheduled, and permitted absence Class Activities: 20% +4 for each star given for each successful p
7、articipation in class activities,After-class writing: 60%,One best up-to-date sentence each day One best paragraph each week One best article each month Other after-class tasks,References,1.英语论文写作，石坚，帅培天，外语教学与研究出版社， 2010年7月 2. Academic Writing Course, by R. R. Jordan, first published by Collins ELT,
8、 1980 3.英语写作手册，丁往道、吴冰， 外语教学与研究出版社， 2003 4.写作教程第三册，俞东明、李华东主编，上海外语教育出版社，2006,Class Quiz,Write a well-organized paragraph of about 100 words titled as “My Reflections on” in half an hour. Here are some titles for your reference. My Reflections on My College Life/Occupation/ Personality Hunans Economy,
9、Education, Transportation, Forestry, Environment ,Unit 1 Sentence Writing,Diction Varied structures Being pertinent,Diction,Be exact Be specific Be vivid Be consistent Be varied,Examples,1. My relatives gave me a gift（general） My uncle gave me a watch as the birthday gift. My 50-year old uncle gave
10、me a Swiss watch as my 20th birthday gift. My 50-year old uncle came to see me yesterday and bought me a fantastic Swiss watch worth about 10,000 yuan as my 20th birthday gift 2. Jack went to the window and looked at the crowd outside（general） Jack tiptoed to the window and peeped into the noisy cro
11、wd outside.,3. Maybe you have time to go to the cinema, but I have more important business to attend to Maybe you have time to go to the cinema, but I have other fish to fry 4. The teachers maintained that the students should give up love for the sake of learning. Students, however, hold that forbid
12、ding love among college students is no good,Comparison of Hypotactic E and Paratactic C,All was cleared up some time later when news came from a distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell. 过了一些时候，从远方传来了消息：在小铜球坠落的当天，的确发生了地震。这一切终于得到了澄清。,人不犯我，我不犯人。 We will not at
13、tack unless we are attacked. 知己知彼，百战不殆；不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼不知己，每战必殆。 You can fight a hundred battles without a defeat if you know the enemy as well as yourself. You will win a half of the battles and lose another if you know yourself and leave yourself in the dark about the enemy. You will lose every bat
14、tle if you leave both the enemy and yourself in the dark.,广出猎，见草中石，以为虎而射之，中石，没镞，视之，石也，因复而射之，终不能复而入石也。（33字史记） Liguang was out hunting one time when he spied a rock in the grass which he mistook for a tiger. Immediately, he shot an arrow at the rock with such such force that the head of arrow embedded
15、 itself in the rock. Later when he discovered that it was a rock, he tried shooting at it again, but he was unable to piece it second time. (71words),Varied Sentence Structures,Alternative length of sentences Varied opening of sentences Different sentence pattern,Examples,1. She returned to her offi
16、ceThere was a note under the door. It was from Mr MayHe said he was waiting for her in the coffee roomAnd he had not found her sisterHe was sorry to have missed her. Then，suddenly，all of the young people were up out of their seats，screaming and shouting, and crying, doing small dances of joy. All ex
17、cept Vingo,2. Opening a sentence 1) there be There are two ways in which one can own a book. 2) predicative Equally important is a good habit of reading,3) participles,Chased by my dear pet cat， the mouse dashed into a small hole.( 状态 ) Spoiled by his parents， the naughty boy always insists on thing
18、s he wants.( 状态） Scared， the girl moved timidly and cautiously into the dark room.( 状态） Puffing and hugging， he finished his run.( 另一动作） Looking at herself in the mirror， she fingered her silk scarf on her shoulder.( 另一动作）,Feeling bored， she turned on the TV and switched from channel to channel.( 原因
19、） Wanting to find out the business hour， she called the store.( 原因） Having completed the form， he mailed it out immediately.( 时间） Lying down on the couch， he felt much relaxed.( 时间）,4) adverbs,a. 副词修饰全句 Interestingly， cats and dogs can hardly get along well in a house. Incredibly， Helena got straigh
20、t A in her school report this semester. Luckily， he didnt know my phone number; otherwise， he would bother me.,obviously, undoubtedly apparently, fortunately frighteningly unluckily, surprisingly clearly, unfortunately incredibly, luckily,b. 强调副词 Slowly and gently， snowflakes were drifting down from
21、 the sky. Dangerously， the drunkard sped down the street. Hurriedly， the man drew me a scratch map to show me the direction.,c. 副词表示某一地域或某一领域 Geographically， Canada is the biggest country in the world. Financially， she is independent， but emotionally she is dependent.,5) adjective,用形容词、并列形容词或形容词短语开头
22、，修饰句子的主语，表示主语的特征或状态： Desperate and hopeless， the poor man committed suicide. Happy at his good marks at school， the little boy skipped on his way home. Tasty and crisp， potato chip are a favorite snack for both children and adults. Frantic， the young mother rushed out the door with the baby in her a
23、rms.,6)parenthesis,Generally speaking， winter in Vancouver is gloomy. Strangely enough， Jennifer does not enjoy sunshine and beach. 类似的插入语有： no wonder, no doubt in other words, in my opinion in conclusion, in fact as a matter of fact,7) Preposition phrases,用介词短语开头，表示句子谓语动词发生的时间、地点、方式、原因、条件等： In case
24、 of fire， use the stairways.( 条件） Due to the limit of seats， he was not accepted.( 原因） Unlike his father， Peter touches neither cigarettes nor alcohol.( 方式） Around the corner， a crowd gathered.( 地点） On seeing him approach， the girl immediately turned her face to a shop window pretending to look at s
25、omething there.( 时间）,8)The infinitives,动词不定式开头，强调谓语动词动作的目的 To show my trust on him， I deposited $ 10，000 into his bank account. To celebrate the arrival of the Millennium， we held a grand party in the hotel.,9) Independent participles,用独立分词短语开头，使句子有正式的味道 A dog following them， the police searched eve
26、ry suspect. Sea gulls flying over the water， the old fisherman flung his fishing meat into the open sea. Birds singing in the tree， another routine day starts.,10) Transitional phrase,用过渡句开头，表示此句与上下句的关系 In fact， she was a kindhearted woman. Consequently， I slowed down to avoid a fine ticket.,11) app
27、osition,用同位语开头，表示主句位于动词发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、条件等 A TV addict， Jim watches TV movies one after another every evening until after midnight. A signing officer of the bank， Jane signs her name hundreds of times each day at work.,12) Adverbial clause,用副词从句开头，表示主句谓语动词发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、条件等 In case that you get lost，
28、 call me at this number. As if it were summer， everybody wear shorts and a T-shirt. Since your children love hamburgers and fries， we might as well eat in MacDonald. Wherever you go， I follow. When you are in need of help， give me a call.,13) Noun clause,What they should do about the hole in the roo
29、f is their most pressing problem. Why I am unhappy is something I cant explain. Whether you take the position or not makes great difference to me.,3. Different sentence pattern,He will go abroad if he has enough money. If he has enough money he will go abroad. Truth is not true. How long does it tak
30、e most of us to reach that level of human growth, if we ever get there? Type O is the most common blood type in the world and type AB the rarest. We can gain knowledge by reading, by reflection, by observation or by practice.,Perhaps more than anything else in the world, I believe in liberty: libert
31、y for myself, liberty for my fellow men. As one small part of it, one tiny decibel in its sound, I, as a free individual of America, believe in it.,每周一句,1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking. 依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。 2. The lates
32、t surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework. 最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。,3. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement. 一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。 4. The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that
33、 this knowledge may be less useful than most people think. 从这几年我搜集的信息来看，这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。,5. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family. 根据最近的一项调查，越来越多的人表达了想从事
34、另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。 6. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills. 一项调查显示许多民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入，而且能学到一些新技术。,Exercise,I Each of the following sentences is faulty. You are required
35、 to correct or improve the following sentences. He not only plays the piano but also the violin. You must either take the examination or to write a research paper. Opening the door, an amusing scene caught my eye. I began to read an interesting novel yesterday, but which I have not yet finished. She
36、 scolded her son. Because he lied. The United States only has a history of 200-old years. Situated at the foot of the hill the famous temple, a major tourist destination. The professor left the classroom when his lecture was finished. Not until had he arrived in the city he began to take further ste
37、ps.,I wish you will be able to succeed in the upcoming exam. As an only child his parents are too indulgent with him. In the past three days he read three novels. The reason why he failed in the examination was because he did not work hard enough. We wish to improve our work better. The pen is good
38、in quality; it is written well. To understand the writer his works must be read carefully. He was criticized for his carelessness and because he was rude. The students were told to write in ink, and that they should write on every other line. On seeing the old photo, my childhood came back to my mem
39、ory. Hardly had he entered the classroom than it began to rain.,II Change each of the following sentences without altering its meaning, using the word or words given in the brackets. I spent a whole afternoon fixing the computer. (It took ) Attitude towards challenge varies from person to person. (D
40、ifferent people ) In face of difficulties, they never lose confidence. (When ) Melbourne is comparatively smaller than Nanjing in terms of population. (Compared ),This course is aimed at improving the students reading comprehension. (The aim ) Prices may be brought down by increasing supply. (Increa
41、se in supply ) We should not judge a person merely by his appearance, whats more important, we should judge him by deeds. (It is more important ) If you stay up late every night, your health will surely be affected. (Staying up late every night ),Xiao Li didnt go back home for the holiday, but worke
42、d parttime in a supermarket. (Instead of ) Some people dont like cocacola, for they cant bear the taste. (Unable ) We cannot learn English well without plunging ourselves into the sea of the language. (Only by ) The moral value of the older generation is different from that of the younger generation
43、. (There is ) They never expected that the dean would join them in their celebration of Christmas Eve. (Unexpectedly ),We now charge more for the reason that prices have kept rising. (The reason ) If you had followed the doctors advice, you might have been fully recovered from illness now. (Had ) He
44、 prefers to stay indoors, rather than go out in such bad weather. (He would rather ) The students are required to make an outline before starting to write an essay. (It is required ) The coach said that their victory was mainly due to full preparation beforehand. (The coach attributed ) He had just fallen asleep when the phone started ringing. (No sooner ) Elderly people tend to be conservative. (It is a tendency ),