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1、细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种： 1)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage? 2) The author mentions all of the following except . . . 3)Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage? 4)The writer mentions all of the items listed below except _. 5) Which
2、of the following is mentioned in the passage? 6) What is the example of . . . as described in the passage? 7) The reason for . . .is . . . 8) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) . 9)From the passage we know that _. 10)In the passage, the author states that _.,分析题干能力,1、是非题出题形
3、式： a.三正一误： Which of the following is true except? Which of the following is mentioned except b.三误一正： Which of the following is true? 这种做题方法主要与三正一误的下列问法相联系： Which of the following mentioned except Which of the following is not mentioned? 这种问题的正确选项所包含的信息通常连续出现在同一段，而且往往无列举标志词，如first，second，third等。做题时只需
4、阅读有关段落，根据一个选项中的关键词在其前后找其他两个正确先项，剩下一个原文中未提到的，为正确答案。,分析题干能力,2、例证题 例子为高考阅读理解的常见考点之一，这类题的基本结构为: The author provides in line(或Paragraph)an example in order to 意思是问文中举出某现象或例子的目的。 文章中举出一些例子无非是为了说明一定的道理。关键在于这个例子在原文出现的位置，但不管如何，这个例子之前或之后不远处通常都有一句总结说明性的话，这句话就是答案，即举例的目的。如果例子与全文主题有关，则例证主题，答案为主题句。如果例子与段落主题有关，就例证段
5、落主题，则答案为段落主题句；此外，答案为例子前后总结说明性的话。,分析题干能力,3、年代与数字: 这个考点有几种出题方式，但不管以何种形式出现，只要题干问年代与数字，答案就对应于文章中的年代与数字。 4、比较: 比较考点的表现形式主要有： a.比较级与含有比较意义的词汇手段和句型结构； b.表示绝对意义的字眼： first(第一)，least(最不)，most(最)等； c.表示惟一性的词汇：only, unique等； 阅读最好能圈出表示最高级、惟一性和绝对意义的词汇，便于做题时回原文定位。,分析题干能力,5、原因： 这种题的答案在原文通常有一些表示因果关系的词汇手段提示： result,
6、reason; result in(结果)，result from(由于， baseon(以为基础)，be due to (由于)； because, for, why; as a result, consequently等。 阅读时对这些提示词应该予以注意。原文相关句出现的格式都是先说原因，后说结果，而在题干中通常给出结果，就其原因提问。,分析题干能力,主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种： 1）The general/main idea of the passage is about _ 2）Which of the following best states the theme of the
7、passage？ 3）In this passage the author discusses primarily _ 4）The passage is mostly about _ 5）The passage is mainly concerned about _ 6）What is the main topic of the passage？ 7）What is the best title for the passage？ 8）The subject discussed in this text is _ 9）The authors main purpose in writing the
8、 passage is to 10）The passage is meant to . 11）The purpose of this article is to ,分析题干能力,在解主题大意时，以下方法可供参考。 1.认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子。 2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。（04年全国卷1（河南等）E篇中major出现过八次，尽管其词性、词义有所不同，但它就是关键词）。 3.文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。 例如：On the whole , in short, therefore I agree wit
9、h the opinion that Given all these points above , I would support the idea that For all the reasons mentioned above ,I would prefer 掌握了找主题句的方法，就可以依据主题句归纳主题。但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误，需要同学们注意。 1以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。 2过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。 3把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。,分析题干能力,如何寻找主题句,Sam
10、ple 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh
11、 fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.,（1）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。,Sample 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their
12、own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.,（2）主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。,Sample 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat
13、. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,（3）在短文中间 当主题句
14、被安排在段中间时, 通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.,return,有关推理的试题常常包括以下类型： 1) It can be inferred from the text that _. 2) From the text we know that _. 3) The story implies that _. 4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _. 5) The writers attitude toward.is _. 6
15、)The author implied（suggested）that 7)It may be concluded from the passage that 8)Which of the following statements does the passage support？ 9)With which of the following does the author agree？,分析题干能力,考作者观点态度的提问方式有： 1)The author seems to think that _. 2)The writer is trying to present a point of vie
16、w in _. 3)The author wants to appeal to _ . 4)The authors style is _ . 5)The authors tone would be best described as _ . 6)What is the authors opinion of _? 7)The writer believe that_? 8) What is the authors main purpose in the passage? 9）In the authors opinion_?,分析题干能力,如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义推断题常见的设题方式有： 1）
17、The underlined word（phrase）in the passage means _ 2）The word “it（them）“in the first paragraph refers to _ 3）The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _ 4）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？,分析题干能力,（一）根据常识、经验猜生词 例如： The old man put on
18、 his spectacles and began to read The door was so low that I hit the head on the lintel,猜词能力,（二）根据上下文解释做出判断：其方法主要有： 1根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 。例如： Skimming means looking over a passage quickly to get the main idea before you begin to read it carefully The harbor is protected by a jettya wall built out into the
19、 water 2利用事例或解释猜生词 。例如： The doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye 3利用重复解释的信息猜生词 。例如： Mr. Smith always arrives home punctually，neither early nor late,猜词能力,4根据同位关系进行判断： 阅读中出现一些难词，有时后面就是一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这种解释有时也用连词“or”连接。 a）（NMET2001，D篇），and other Germanic and Nordic peoples，who spoke
20、 what we now call Anglo-Saxon（or Old English），a Germanic language b）（NMET2002，A篇）The “Chunnel“，a tunnel（隧道）connecting England and France，is now complete,猜词能力,（三）利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义 One of the obstacles to false reading is vocalizingsaying the words to themselves in a low voice The early scientific study
21、of chemistry，known as alchemy，grew up in Egypt in the first few centuries AD,猜词能力,（四）根据上下文的指代关系进行选择 文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。 例如（NMET2002，A篇）原题第57题： What does the underlined word “it“（paragraph 2）refer to？ ADiscovering th
22、e moons inner space BUsing the earths inner space CMeeting the “moon people“ again DTraveling to outer space 原文：However，the question that “ moon people“ asked is still an interesting oneA growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it,猜词能力,由此可以看出it指上句中的the question，而the question又指第一段中“
23、月球人“所提的问题。所以根据第一段中的问题“Why are you traveling to outer space when you dont even use your inner space？“就可以判断出答案为B。,（五）根据转折或对比关系进行判断 根据上下句的连接词，如：but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。分号（；）还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。 He has been getting better，but during the night his condition deteriorated,猜
24、词能力,(六) 根据因果关系进行判断 根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。 （NMET2001，A篇）Biggest power failure in the citys history All of our ice-cream and frozen foods melted,猜词能力,后一句承接前一句，前一句的原因导致后一句的结果。根据因果关系，停电很可能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品溶化，所以melted的词义应为“溶化“。,（七）根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断 英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是生词，但掌握了一定的构词法知识，就不
25、难猜出它的词义。 例如（NMET2002，B篇）Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences-but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete,猜词能力,我们知道，prefer的意思是“宁愿；愿意“，根据上下文可以判断prefer的名词形式preference的含义应是“偏爱；爱好“。,根据近年来高考阅读理解对同学们提出新的要求，建议同学们在
26、以下几个方面加强自我训练！ 1猜测熟词新含义 例1: The major market force rests in t he growing population of white collar employees (白领雇员)，who can afford the new service. 例2: “It was the best night we had ever had”, said Angela Carraro, who runs an Italian restaurant. 猜测熟词含义除了要求同学们有较强的语境分析能力外，还要求同学们有较宽的知识面，对常见有新含义的熟词要弄清其用
27、法，并将这些词进行简要归纳整理。 2猜测词性变换新词含义 When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago，how could they even begin to picture modern life? 利用熟词的新词性来抽象词义，关键应在理解原词的基础上，分析它的新词性，并结合原词含义发挥合理想象，从而概括抽象出它的新词义。,猜词能力,反问法； 绝对词否决法;答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有: must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no,
28、 very, completely, none, hardly等。 怀疑词判断法：选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多数), more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等。 关键词对应法 (ABC=ABC法; ABC=ABC法; ABC=CBA法; ABCABD法) 选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义替换的一般是选项。,猜答案能力,锅盖法： 较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的，选项一般是答案项。 A. to be more successful in his career B. to solve technical problems C. to be more specialized in his field D. to develop his professional skill B“解决技术问题”；C“深化专业”；D“发展职业技能”。这三项表达的意思都比较具体，而A项则概括地有深度，包括了B、C、D三项内容。选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的（字面意思）一般不是答案项，而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。,猜答案能力,