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1、ANSI C63.7-1992 (Revision of ANSI C63.7-1988) American National Standard Guide for Construction of Open-Area Test Sites for Performing Radiated Emission Measurements Accredited Standards Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility, C63 accredited by the American National Standards Institute Secretari
2、at Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc. Approved December 23, 1992 American National Standards Institute Abstract: Information that is useful in constructing an open-area test site (OATS) used to perform radiated emission measurements in the frequency range of 30-1000 MHz is provid
3、ed. Final validity of the test site can only be made by performing site attenuation measurements as described in ANSI C63.4-1992. Keywords: emission measurement, open-area test sites, radiated emission measurement The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 345 East 47th Street, New
4、York, NY 10017-2394, USA Copyright 1993 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 1993. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 1-55937-290-7 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or other
5、wise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 16:20:19 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially
6、 concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standard or not, from manu
7、facturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn
8、at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by ca
9、lling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 16:20:19 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. iii Introduction (This introduction is not a part of ANSI C63.7-1992, American National Standard Gui
10、de for Construction of Open-Area Test Sites for Performing Radiated Emission Measurements.) ANSI C63.4, Methods of Measurement of Radio-Noise Emissions from Low-Voltage Electrical and Electronic Equipment in the Range of 10 kHz to 1 GHz, has undergone several revisions since the original document co
11、vering methods of measurement was produced in 1940. While many improvements were made in the standard from time to time, the reproducibility of measurements of radiated interference from one test site to another had not been completely satisfactory. In 1982 a concerted effort was organized in Subcom
12、mittee One of the Accredited Standards Committee C63, to determine how the technique could be improved. Evidence showed that the variability was due, in part, to inadequate a) control of site ground plane conductivity, flatness, site enclosures, effects of surrounding objects, and certain other site
13、 construction features, b) accounting for antenna factors, associated cabling, and balun and device under test characteristics, and c) consideration of mutual coupling effects between the device under test and the receiving antenna and their images in the ground plane. Accordingly, ANSI C63.4 was re
14、vised; and ANSI C63.5, Standard Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control, and C63.6, Guide for the Computation of Errors in Open Area Test Site Measurement, were published respectively in 1989 and 1988 to provide additional informa
15、tion. The first version of C63.7 on test-site construction was also published in 1988. The present version contains improvements in the text resulting from experience gained in its application. At the time this document was approved, members of Task Group on Open-Area Test Sites were as follows: Don
16、ald N. Heirman, Chair E. L. BronaughJon Curtis J. DeMarinis L. A. Wall At the time that the Accredited Standards Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility, C63, approved this standard, it had the following membership: Ralph M. Showers, Chair Edwin L. Bronaugh, Vice Chair Luigi Napoil, Secretary Aut
17、horized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 16:20:19 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. iv Organization RepresentedName of Representative Aeronautical Radio, Inc. (ARINC)Mark Quigley Amador CorporationDaniel D. Hoolihan James Johnson (Alt.) American C
18、ouncil of Independent LaboratoriesWilliam K. Hayes Association of American RailroadsChris Allman Association of Telecommunications AttorneysGlen Dash Jon Curtis (Alt.) AT Bell LaboratoriesH. Robert Hofmann Canadian Standards AssociationF. Diamente Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturing Associ
19、ationRalph Calcavecchio William F Hanrahan Electric Light and Power GroupWilliam Logan Matthew C. Mingoia (Alt.) Electronic Industries AssociationRalph Justus Exchange Carriers Standards AssociationJohn Lichtig Peter J. Pallesen (Alt.) Michael Parente (Alt.) Federal Communications CommissionArt Wall
20、 Hugh L. Van Tuyl (Alt.) Food and Drug AdministrationPaul Ruggera Jeffrey Silberberg (Alt.) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.Edwin L. Bronaugh Donald N. Heirman Nestor Kolcio National Association of BroadcastersMichael C. Rau Kelly Williams (Alt.) National Electrical Manufactur
21、ers AssociationRonald Harrold Laurence Ward National Institute of Standards and TechnologyMyron Crawford National Telecommunications and Information AdministrationKarl Nebbia Personal ComputerBill Wong Scientific Apparatus Manufacturers AssociationRay Magnuson Security Industry AssociationBob Bruniu
22、s Society of Automotive EngineersHerbert Mertel Telecommunications Industry AssociationEric Schimmel Underwriters LaboratoriesWillard Tuthill Wolf Josenhans (Alt.) Unisys CorporationWallace Amos US Air ForceJohn Zentner Dennis Baseley (Alt.) Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Dow
23、nloaded on December 26,2010 at 16:20:19 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. v Kristin M. Dittmann IEEE Standards Project Editor US Dept. of EnergyBonneville Power AdministrationVernon L. Chartier US Dept. of EnergyWestern Area Power AdministrationPete R. Hanson US Dept. of the Army, Communicat
24、ions Electronic CommandDavid Cofield US Dept. of the Navy, Space and Naval Warfare Systems CommandStephen Caine US Dept. of TransportationFederal Aviation AdministrationRobert Frazier Members-at-LargeRobert Eagan Harold Gauper A. Heath Light Richard Schulz Ralph M. Showers Louis Slesin Chester L. Sm
25、ith Leonard W. Thomas, Sr. J. L. Norman Violette Organization RepresentedName of Representative Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 16:20:19 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. vi CLAUSEPAGE 1. Scope.1 2. Definitions.1 3. References.1 4. Gen
26、eral considerations2 5. Obstruction-free area.2 6. Ground plane.5 6.1 Size and shape of ground plane 5 6.2 Smoothness of ground plane 5 6.3 Ground-plane material . 6 6.4 Ground-plane earthing . 6 7. Measurement facilities7 7.1 Turntables. 7 7.2 Services to EUT. 7 7.3 Receiving antenna mast installat
27、ion. 7 7.4 Location of personnel and radio-noise meter. 8 7.5 Services to the radio-noise meter. 8 8. Weather-protection enclosure .9 8.1 Construction recommendations 9 8.2 Materials and fasteners. 9 8.3 Internal arrangements. 10 8.4 Size. 10 8.5 Uniformity with time and weather. 10 8.6 Other consid
28、erations 10 9. Bibliography10 Annex A (Informative) Fresnel ellipse .12 Annex B (Informative) The Rayleigh criterion.14 Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 16:20:19 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. 1 American National Standard Guide for C
29、onstruction of Open-Area Test Sites for Performing Radiated Emission Measurements 1. Scope This guide provides information that is useful in constructing an open-area test site (OATS) used to perform radiated emission measurements in the frequency range of 301000 MHz. Final validity of the test site
30、 can only be made by performing site attenuation measurements described in ANSI C63.4-1992 ,1 5.4.6. 2. Definitions For definitions, see ANSI C63.14-1992 3. References The following standards should be consulted when validating OATS: ANSI C63.4-1992, American National Standard Methods of Measurement
31、 of Radio-Noise Emissions from Low- Voltage Electrical and Electronic Equipment in the Range of 9 kHz to 40 GHz.2 ANSI C63.5-1988, American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control. 1Information on references
32、can be found in clause 3 The numbers in brackets preceded by the letter B correspond to those of the bibliography in clause 9. 2ANSI C63 publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA
33、 or from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036, USA. Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 16:20:19 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. 2Copyright 1992 IEEE All Rights Reserved ANS
34、I C63.7-1992GUIDE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF OPEN-AREA TEST SITES FOR ANSI C63.6-1988, American National Standard Guide for the Computation of Errors in Open Area Test Site Measurements. ANSI C63.14-1992, American National Standard Dictionary for Technologies of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), Electro
35、magnetic Pulse (EMP), and Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) (Dictionary of EMC/EMP/ESD Terms and Definitions). 4. General considerations Sections 5.15.4.5 of ANSI C63.4-1992 list general conditions for test sites and, in particular, open-area test sites. To summarize, radiated emission tests can be perf
36、ormed in an open, flat area of cleared, level terrain. Alternate sites might include a raised platform; rooftop site; an open area such as a large factory floor, relatively clear of obstructions that could adversely affect the measurements; or an effectively absorber-lined shielded room that is also
37、 free of undesired reflections from the walls and ceiling. The preferred test site is an OATS, which is internationally recognized as the standard for making radiated emission measurements (see B3 ). Such open-area sites should be void of buildings, electric lines, fences, trees, etc., and free of u
38、nderground cables, pipelines, etc., except when using a metallic ground plane that isolates the adverse effects of such underground metallic objects. Services to operate the equipment under test (EUT) and the cabling to the receive antenna should be trenched into the earth if no metallic ground plan
39、e is used. The following describes key recommended characteristics of the test site, the ground plane, instrumentation and EUT services, and all-weather covers. These recommendations should be used to ensure adequate test sites. Adequacy is determined by performing normalized site attenuation measur
40、ements described in ANSI C63.4-1992, 5.4.6. 5. Obstruction-free area An obstruction-free area surrounding the EUT and field strength measuring antenna is required. The obstruction-free area should be free from significant scatterers of electromagnetic fields, and should be large enough so that scatt
41、erers outside the obstruction-free area will have little effect on the fields measured by the field-strength measuring antenna. The definitive test of the obstruction-free area is to perform normalized site attenuation measurements indicated in ANSI C63.4-1992. Since the magnitude of the field scatt
42、ered from an obstruction depends on many factors (size of the obstruction, distance from the EUT and receiving antenna, orientation with respect to the EUT and receiving antenna, conductivity and permittivity of the obstruction, frequency, etc.), it is impossible to specify an obstruction-free area
43、that is necessary and sufficient for all applications. However, a reasonable guide is given in the following paragraphs. The size and shape of the obstruction-free area are dependent upon the measurement distance and whether or not the EUT will be rotated. If the site is equipped with a turntable, t
44、he recommended obstruction-free area is an ellipse with the receiving antenna and EUT at the two foci, and having a major axis equal to twice the measurement distance and a minor axis equal to the product of the measurement distance and the square root of three (see figure 1). For this ellipse, the
45、path of the undesired ray reflected from any object on the perimeter is twice the length of the direct ray path between the foci. In the original development of the reflection-free area ellipse, the rationale for using twice the direct path length was that it implies that the scattered signal at the
46、 boundary will be at least 6 dB down from the direct signal between the EUT and receiving antenna, and hence have minimal impact on the direct path measurement. Calculations since have shown that a spurious reflected signal 6 dB down from the direct path signal can cause 2 to 3 dB errors in the Auth
47、orized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 16:20:19 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. Copyright 1992 IEEE All Rights Reserved3 PERFORMING RADIATED EMISSION MEASUREMENTSANSI C63.7-1992 measurements. However, the magnitude of a ground plane edge reflec
48、tion is dependent upon the path distance and the degree to which the edge is electrically terminated or produces reflections. For large EUTs, the obstruction-free area must be expanded so that the obstruction clearance distances exist from the perimeter of the EUT. Since the first Fresnel ellipse en
49、closes the area on the ground plane from which the major part of the ground-reflected energy comes, it follows logically that there should be no obstructions in this area. For a 3 m site, the first Fresnel ellipse (see table 1) is larger than the obstruction-free area ellipse shown in figure 1. If the site fails to meet the normalized site attenuation criteria in ANSI C63.4-1992, the area that is outside of the construction- free ellipse but enclosed within the first Fresnel ellipse should be investigated for scatterers and obstructions. The effects of poor test-site const