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1、AS/NZS 3661.1:1993 Australian/New Zealand Standard Slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces Part 1: Requirements AS/NZS 3661.1:1993 This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical Committee BD/44, Fixing of Ceramic Tiles. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards
2、 Australia on 2 July 1993 and on behalf of the Council of Standards New Zealand on 12 August 1993. It was published on 11 October 1993. The following interests are represented on Committee BD/44: Adhesives and Sealants Manufacturers Association of Australia Association of Consulting Engineers of Aus
3、tralia Building Services Corporation, New South Wales Building Workers Industrial Union, Australia Ceramic Manufacturers Association of New South Wales Ceramic Manufacturers Association of Victoria Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry CSIRO, Division of Building, Construction and Engineering,
4、 Australia Department of Administrative ServicesAustralian Construction Services Institute of Municipal Engineering Australia Master Builders Construction and Housing Association of Australia N.S.W Technical and Further Education Commission University of New South Wales Victorian Association of Cera
5、mic Tile Merchants Works Consultancy Services, Central Laboratories, New Zealand Additional interests participating in preparation of Standard: Australian Association of Ceramic Tile Merchants Australian Stone and Terrazzo Association Australian Uniform Building Regulations Coordinating Council Clay
6、 Brick and Paver Institute, Australia Concrete Masonry Association, Australia Worksafe Australia Testing interests Review of Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Joint Australian/New Zealand Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or
7、 new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto. Full details of all Joint Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand Catalogue o
8、f Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazines The Australian Standard and Standards New Zealand, which subscribing members receive, and which give details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards. Suggestions for improvements to Join
9、t Standards, addressed to the head office of either Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate actio
10、n taken. This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 92139. The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing AS/NZS 3661.1:1993 Australian/New Zealand Standard Slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces Part 1: Requirements First published as Joint Standard AS/NZS 3661.1:1993 PUBLISHED JOI
11、NTLY BY: STANDARDS AUSTRALIA 1 The Crescent, Homebush NSW 2140 Australia STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND Level 10, Standards House, 155 The Terrace, Wellington 6001 New Zealand ISBN 0 7262 8386 X AS/NZS 3661.1:19932 PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Joint Australia/New Zealand Standards Committee BD/4
12、4 on Slip Resistance. It is the first of a two-part series on slip resistance, the second part (in course of preparation) being a guide to reducing slip hazards. This Standard is issued as a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard under the terms of the Active Cooperation Agreement between Standards A
13、ustralia and Standards New Zealand. CONTENTS Page 1 SCOPE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 2 APPLICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 3 REFERE
14、NCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 4 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 5 FRICTION REQUIREMENTS OF SURFACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15、 . . . . . . . . .4 APPENDICES A METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF THE COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION OF WET SURFACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 B METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF THE COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION OF DRY SURFACES . . . . . . . . . . .
16、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 CopyrightSTANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand publications and software. ExceptwheretheCopyrightActallowsandexcept
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20、ms are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs. Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identifi
21、ed. The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand at any time. The Standard is downloade
22、d from Standard Sharing 3AS/ NZS 3661.1:1993 STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND Australian/New Zealand Standard Slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces Part 1: Requirements 1SCOPEThis Standard specifies the minimum coefficient of friction values for pedestrian surfaces when measured in accord
23、ance with the test methods set out in Appendices A and B. These test methods enable characteristics of surface materials to be determined in either a wet or dry condition, and are appropriate for measurements to be undertaken either in the laboratory under conditions in which the surface materials a
24、re intended to be installed, or in situ after installation. Other test methods can be used to meet the compliance requirements specified herein, for example test procedures based on force plates (see Footnote, Clause 2). This Standard does not cover grating, and may not cover some resilient surfaces
25、. NOTE: Part 2 of this Standard, in course of preparation, will provide information on the reduction of slip hazards where they relate to specific situations. 2APPLICATIONIt is intended that this Standard be used as a test method to establish the slip resistance of a pedestrian surface in either the
26、 wet or the dry condition. A surface with a coefficient of friction equal to or greater than the minimum values specified in Clause 5 is considered to be slip resistant. This Standard is also intended for testing products manufactured to increase the slip resistance of existing in situ surfaces. Whe
27、re an in situ surface does not comply, reference should be made to a future Part which will provide information on improving the slip resistance of the surface. Obviously footwear is an important consideration. Unless otherwise stated, the method specified for the measurement of wet slip resistance
28、is used for all wet areas. Wet areas are all external pedestrian areas plus those internal pedestrian surfaces that are normally wet during use. NOTES: 1It is anticipated that Regulatory Authorities may specify the areas required to be slip resistant and whether these areas are to be considered wet
29、or dry. 2Water should be excluded from all dry areas, for instance by the appropriate design of entrance foyers. 3Building operators should ensure correct maintenance procedures are carried out. This Standard may not apply to heavily-profiled surfaces where the surface has been specifically manufact
30、ured to be highly slip resistant. Examples of highly-profiled surfaces are given in Figure 1. Such surfaces generally have a displacement volume greater than or equal to 4 cm3/dm2. Such surfaces are primarily intended to provide drainage or entrapment of anticipated contaminant materials. Heavily pr
31、ofiled surfaces must still take into consideration any requirements contained in AS 1428 or NZS 4121. COPYRIGHT AS/NZS 3661.1:19934 NOTES: 1The inclining ramp test method used in Germany* may be more suitable to measure the slip resistance of heavily-profiled surfaces under laboratory conditions. Dy
32、namic test machines based on force plates may also be suitable for determining the level of slip resistance for specific applications. 2Although materials have been successfully tested for slip resistance, other factors need also to be considered. These other factors may be the subject of different
33、tests which may be located in other Standards, for instance, tests using laboratory based machines that simulate speed and force loading profiles of the slipping shoe and use a force plate to measure the dynamic friction coefficient. 3REFERENCEDDOCUMENTSThe documentsbelowarereferredtointhis Standard
34、: AS 1428Design for access and mobility NZS 4121Code of Practice for Design for Access and Use of Buildings and Facilities by Disabled Persons 4GENERALThe surface to be measured shall be representative of, and in the form in which it is intended for use. For example, floors intended to be sealed or
35、otherwise treated with a permanent surface coating shall be tested with the coating in place. NOTE:While it is not intended that the test will take into account any future wear or maintenance of the surface, tests should be carried out in the direction resulting in the minimum coefficient of frictio
36、n where samples have a surface that would have different coefficients of friction when measured in different directions. 5FRICTION REQUIREMENTS OF SURFACES 5.1Horizontal surfaces 5.1.1Coefficient of frictionwetWhen tested in accordance with the method set out in Appendix A, the pedestrian surface sh
37、all have a mean coefficient of friction of not less than 0.4 and no specimen in that sample shall be less than 0.35. 5.1.2Coefficient of frictiondryWhen tested in accordance with the method set out in Appendix B the pedestrian surface shall have a mean coefficient of friction of not less than 0.4 an
38、d no specimen in that sample shall be less than 0.35. NOTE: It would generally be expected that surfaces which have been shown to comply with Clause 5.1.1 would also comply with Clause 5.1.2. 5.2Ramps and other sloped areasFor all sloped or graded surfaces with a gradient not less than 2%, the minim
39、um required value for the coefficient of friction of either wet or dry surfaces as specified in Clauses 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 respectively, shall be increased in accordance with the following equation, expressed to an accuracy of 0.01. m= * Guidelines for floors, in workrooms and work areas with increased
40、 slipping hazardZH1/571. Accident Prevention and Industrial Medicines (Sankt Augustin, Germany), April 1989. Stevenson M G Hoang K Buterngchit Y and Lloyd D G Measurement of slip resistance of shoes on floor surfaces, Part 1: Methods. Journal of Occupational Health and Safety Australia and New Zeala
41、nd, 1989, 5(2), pp 115-120. COPYRIGHT The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing 5AS/ NZS 3661.1:1993 where m= coefficient of friction required for a sloped surface = coefficient of friction obtained on a horizontal surface M= maximum gradient of slope, in percent. NOTE: This equation is repr
42、esented in graphical form in Figure 2, where = 0.4. FIGURE 1EXAMPLES OF HIGHLY PROFILED SURFACES COPYRIGHT AS/NZS 3661.1:19936 FIGURE 2COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION REQUIRED FOR A SLOPED SURFACE, CALCULATED FOR = 0.4 COPYRIGHT The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing 7AS/ NZS 3661.1:1993 APPENDIX
43、 A METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF THE COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION OF WET SURFACES (Normative) A1SCOPEThis Appendix sets out a method for the measurement of the coefficient of friction of a wet surface using a pendulum friction tester. A2PRINCIPLEThe coefficient of friction of the specimen is assessed by
44、determining the dynamic friction between the specimen and the slider of a vertically swinging pendulum. A3APPARATUS A3.1Pendulum friction testerThe pendulum friction tester shall be constructed in accordance with details available from the Australian Road Research Board, Melbourne, Australia, or Wor
45、ks Consultancy Services, Central Laboratories, Lower Hutt, New Zealand (see Figure A1). All bearings and working parts of the instrument shall be enclosed as far as possible, and all materials used shall be suitably treated to prevent corrosion under wet conditions. The tester shall be used and stor
46、ed in a dust-free environment and one which is not subject to a large temperature variation. The pendulum friction tester shall be calibrated to ensure compliance with the following requirements at intervals not exceeding two years. NOTE: Calibration of the friction tester is available through the A
47、ustralian Road Research Board, Melbourne, Australia or through Works Consultancy Services, Central Laboratories, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. Alternatively calibration may be arranged through local laboratories having certification for calibration of friction testers. The tester shall incorporate the fo
48、llowing: (a)Aspring-loadedrubbersliderofthemass,sizeandshapespecifiedin Paragraph A3.2 mounted on the end of a pendulum arm so that the sliding edge is 515 2 mm from the axis of suspension. (b)Means for levelling the instrument. (c)Means for raising and lowering the axis of suspension of the pendulu
49、m so that the slider can (i)swing clear of the surface of the specimen; and (ii) be set to slide over a fixed length of surface. (d) Means for holding and releasing the pendulum arm so that it falls freely from a horizontal position. (e) A pointer balanced about the axis of suspension, indicating the position of the pendulum arm throughout its forward swing and moving over the circular scale attached to the instrument. The mass of the pointer, excluding felt friction washers, shall be not more than 85 g and th