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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13232-2:2003 Railway applications Track Switches and crossings Part 2: Requirements for geometric design The European Standard EN 13232-2:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 45.080 -,- BS EN 13232-2:2003 This British Standard, was published under the authority of the
2、 Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 August 2003 BSI 29 August 2003 ISBN 0 580 42537 1 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13232-2:2003. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RAE/2, Railway track comp
3、onents, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue und
4、er the section entitled “ International Standards Correspondence Index” , or by using the “ Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
5、application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informe
6、d; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 17 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document
7、was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13232-2 August 2003 ICS 45.080 English version Railway applications - Track - Switches and crossings - Part 2: Requirements for geometric design Applications ferroviaires -
8、 Voie - Appareil de voie - Partie 2: Exigences pour la conception gomtrique Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Weichen und Kreuzungen - Teil 2: Anforderungen an den technischen Entwurf This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 February 2003. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Intern
9、al Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. T
10、his European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are th
11、e national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPE
12、N DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13232-2:2003 E EN 13232-2:2003 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 1Scope 4 2Nor
13、mative references 4 3Principles of geometry and running dynamics.4 4Non-geometric aspects of design15 5Tolerances15 Bibliography17 ? EN 13232-2:2003 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13232-2:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications - Track“, the secretariat of w
14、hich is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2004. This series of European St
15、andards “Railway Applications Track Switches and Crossings” covers the design and quality of switches and crossings in flat bottomed rail. The list of parts is as follows: Part 1 : Definitions Part 2 : Requirements for geometric design Part 3 : Requirements for wheel/rail interaction Part 4 : Actuat
16、ion, locking and detection Part 5 : Switches Part 6 : Fixed common and obtuse crossings Part 7 : Crossings with movable parts Part 8 : Expansion devices Part 9 : Layouts Part 1 contains terminology used throughout all parts of this series. Parts 2 to 4 contain basic design guides and are applicable
17、to all switch and crossing assemblies. Parts 5 to 8 deal with particular types of equipment, including their tolerances. Part 9 defines the functional and geometric dimensions and tolerances for layout assemblies. These use Parts 1 to 4 as a basis. The following terms are used within to define the p
18、arties involved in using the European Standard as the technical basis for a transaction: CustomerThe Operator or User of the equipment, or the Purchaser of the equipment on the Users behalf. SupplierThe body responsible for the use of the European Standard in response to the Customers requirements.
19、According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherla
20、nds, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. ? EN 13232-2:2003 (E) 4 1 Scope This part of this European Standard covers the following subjects: geometric design principles for wheel guidance; definition of basic limits of supply; applied forces and their adequa
21、te support; tolerance levels. These are illustrated herein by application to a turnout. The main switch and crossing components are represented in turnouts and the principles used in turnouts apply equally to more complex layouts. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated o
22、r undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard onl
23、y when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 13232-1:2003, Railway applications Track Switches and crossings Part 1: Definitions. prEN 13232-3, Railway applications Track Switches and c
24、rossings Part 3: Requirements for wheel/rail interaction. prEN 13232-5, Railway applications Track Switches and crossings Part 5: Switches. prEN 13232-9, Railway applications Track Switches and crossings - Part 9: Layouts. 3 Principles of geometry and running dynamics 3.1 Introduction Geometry is re
25、presented in the running plane by the running edges. For the purpose of determination of permissible speeds and for definition of the turnout, curvature is defined by the radius of the track centreline. The guiding principles of curves are given in this standard as they apply to switches and crossin
26、gs. Switches and crossings are normally designed without differential cant; particular requirements shall be specified. In order to maintain safe and continuous support and guidance of wheels, certain rules of tangency are imposed. Speed and radius are then related to lateral acceleration. Cant defi
27、ciency is derived from this. Switches and crossings are characterised by changes in lateral acceleration, so rules for both steady and sudden changes between radii are included in this section. Calculations and rules relate to vehicles with 2 axles or vehicles with 2-axle bogies. Vehicles with other
28、 than 2 axles may require special consideration and as such their configuration shall be provided by the Customer. These rules are defined for steady-state design, i.e. without acceleration. Requirements of a dynamic nature shall be stated by the Customer. -,- ? EN 13232-2:2003 (E) 5 3.2 General req
29、uirements 3.2.1 References, terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of the European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 13232-1:2003 and the following apply. Key reference points relating to turnout geometry and the limits of supply of a turnout are illustrated in Figure 1. K
30、ey 1Actual switch toe6Limits of supply (front joints) 2Mathematical point of switch7Origin of switch curve 3Tumout intersection8Centreline radius 4Theoretical intersection9Turnout angle 5Limits of supply (heel joints) Figure 1 Key reference points 3.2.2 General tangency rules At any change in radius
31、 the two radii shall be mutually tangential at the running edges. To achieve this the centres of adjacent curves shall lie on the same radial line (see Figure 2). Exceptions to the mutual tangency rule may occur. These are: along the low-side curve of a turnout where gauge variation occurs; at the s
32、witch toe, for example, to shorten the switch rail. Details are given in prEN 13232-3 and prEN 13232-5. -,- ? EN 13232-2:2003 (E) 6 Key 1Tangent Figure 2 Mutual tangency 3.2.3 Key determinants For a concise definition of the geometry of an assembly of switches and crossings, a minimum amount of basi
33、c quantitative information is required. The following items are both necessary and sufficient for such a definition of a turnout. The following shall be defined by the Customer and numerical values provided to the Supplier. Note that some values may be different from those for plain line : gauge; sp
34、eed; maximum lateral acceleration or cant deficiency; maximum rate of change of lateral acceleration or cant deficiency; turnout intersection point and angle (see Figure 3); limits of supply (front joints, heel joints); lowside gauge variation (if any). For a crossover or junction, in addition, the
35、following shall be defined by the Customer and provided to the Supplier: distance between main line track centrelines. For switches and crossings on a curved main line, the following must be defined and provided by the Customer: main line curvature; main line and branch line cant through turnout. Th
36、e key points whose location shall be agreed between Customer and Supplier are as follows: ? EN 13232-2:2003 (E) 7 origin of switch curve; real switch toe (RP); theoretical intersection (of crossing). Key 1Overall length 2Tangent length 3Turnout intersection 4Turnout angle Figure 3 Setting out diagra
37、m Radii of main and branch lines and the positions at which they change shall be agreed, for example as illustrated in Figure 4a) for circular geometry and 4b for transitional geometry, together with: centreline radii; origin of switch curve to positions of changes of radii; tangent offset (if any);
38、 where such changes of radii shall be bounded either by included angle, or by longitudinal distance or by lateral offset, or in the case of a transition section, by such data as is necessary to uniquely define its shape. -,- ? EN 13232-2:2003 (E) 8 Figure 4a) CircularFigure 4b) Transitional Key 1Cen
39、treline 2Transition Figure 4 Key dimensions related to radius 3.3 Speed relationships Fundamental rules of circular motion determine the relationship between radius and speed around a curve. For railway specific applications the following formula applies: vmax = (amaxRc)(1) where Rcis the local cent
40、reline radius of the curve in metre; amax is the maximum lateral acceleration in m/s2 ; vmax is the maximum local velocity in m/s. Alternatively with Vmax in km/h: Vmax = 3,6 (amaxRc)(2) Often it is convenient to express maximum speed in terms of more physical measures, using the variables cant defi
41、ciency and wheel contact gauge. Firstly, wheel contact gauge is expressed conventionally as: sw = st + sr (3) ? EN 13232-2:2003 (E) 9 where swis the wheel contact gauge, or distance between the two upper wheel/rail contacts, in millimetre; stis the track gauge in millimetre; sris the rail head width
42、 in millimetre. If sr is not specified then, for standard gauge (1 435 mm), sw takes the value 1 500 mm. The speed relationship is then given by: Vmax = 3,6 (hdg Rc / sw) (4) where hdis the maximum permitted cant deficiency in millimetre; gis the acceleration due to gravity, normally taken as 9,81 m
43、/s2. 3.4 Effects of changes in curvature 3.4.1 Introduction Most real situations yield a step change in curvature, since a smooth curvature change only occurs in transition curves. The effects of step changes are mitigated by the vehicles suspension system, but an approximate rule is necessary to en
44、able the switch and crossing supplier to match the vehicles requirements. In the following the rules for steady transitions are covered first, then the rules for step changes in curvature. See Figure 5 for examples of alternative arrangements of transitions within turnouts. ? EN 13232-2:2003 (E) 10
45、Key 1Radius 2Transition 3Straight 4Radius 1 5Radius 2 Figure 5 Examples of geometry types 3.4.2 Change of lateral acceleration The steady change of curvature is quantified by the rate of change of lateral acceleration. Alternatively it may be termed a rate of change of cant deficiency. This is relat
46、ed to a rate of change of lateral acceleration which is calculated with the following formula: dt da g s dt dh wd =(5) where dt dhd is the rate of change of cant deficiency in mm/s; dt da is the rate of change of lateral acceleration in m/s3. The equations in paragraphs 3.4.4 and 3.4.5 below are def
47、ined in terms of the variable A, which can be used with either lateral acceleration (A in m/s2, dt dA in m/s3) or cant deficiency (A in mm, dt dA in mm/s), the units of measurement depending on which alternative is preferred. ? EN 13232-2:2003 (E) 11 3.4.3 Types and locations of transitions Transiti
48、on curves are used to eliminate the effects of step changes by employing a suitable rate of change of lateral acceleration. Speed is calculated according to the sharpest radius using equations 1, 2 and 4 above. There follow various calculations for transitions. These are based on the steady transition but approximations to it may be permitted. An example of a steady transition is the clothoid, which employs a constant rate of change of lateral acceleration. The definition of the clothoid transition curve is: constant 1 = dl r d (6) where r is the instantaneou