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1、 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Greenhouse gases Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR QUALITY P.O. BOX 3005 MILWAUKEE, WI 53201-3005 ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2
2、006(E) Copyright American Society for Quality Provided by IHS under license with ASQ Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 10/17/2007 02:51:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright American Society for Quality Provided by I
3、HS under license with ASQ Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 10/17/2007 02:51:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Greenhouse gases Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quanti
4、fication, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements Approved as an American National Standard by: American Society for Quality August 16, 2006 American National Standards: An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned
5、with is scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the standard or not, from manufactu
6、ring, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The
7、procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling of writing
8、the American National Standards Institute. ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E) iii Copyright American Society for Quality Provided by IHS under license with ASQ Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 10/17/2007 02:51:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without licen
9、se from IHS -,-,- 2006 by ASQ Copyright Protection Notice for the ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E) Standard. This standard is subject to copyright claims of ISO, ANSI, and ASQ. Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without t
10、he prior written permission of ASQ. All requests pertaining to the ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E) Standard should be submitted to ASQ. Note: As used in this document, the term “International Standard” refers to the American National Standard adoption of this and other International Standards. ASQ wil
11、l consider requests for change and information on the submittal of such requests regarding this Standard. All requests should be in writing to the attention of the Standards administrator at the address below. ASQ Mission: The American Society for Quality advances individual and organizational perfo
12、rmance excellence worldwide by providing opportunities for learning, quality improvement, and knowledge exchange. Published by: ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E) iv Copyright American Society for Quality Provided by IHS under license with ASQ Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for
13、Resale, 10/17/2007 02:51:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Also available from ASQ Quality Press: ANSI/ASQ E4-2004: Quality systems for environmental data and technology programs Requirements with guidance for use ANSI/ASQ ANSI/ISO/ASQ QE19011S-2004: Guidel
14、ines for quality and/or environmental management systems auditing ANSI/ISO/ASQ Effective Implementation of ISO 14001 Marilyn Block Clean, Green and Read All Over: Ten Rules for Effective Corporate Environmental and Sustainability Reporting J. Emil Morhardt ISO 14015:2001 Environmental Management: En
15、vironmental assessment of sites and organizations (EASO) ISO The Management System Auditors Handbook Joe Kausek To request a complimentary catalog of ASQ Quality Press publications, call 800-248-1946, or visit our Web site at http:/qualitypress.asq.org. ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E) v Copyright Amer
16、ican Society for Quality Provided by IHS under license with ASQ Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 10/17/2007 02:51:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- (This page is intentionally left blank.) Copyright American Society for Q
17、uality Provided by IHS under license with ASQ Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 10/17/2007 02:51:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Contents Page 1Scope 1 2Terms and definitions 1 3Principles 5 3.1General . 5 3.2Relevance .
18、 5 3.3Completeness 5 3.4Consistency . 5 3.5Accuracy 5 3.6Transparency . 5 3.7Conservativeness 5 4Introduction to GHG projects . 5 5Requirements for GHG projects . 9 5.1General requirements . 9 5.2Describing the project 9 5.3Identifying GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs relevant to the project . 10 5
19、.4Determining the baseline scenario 10 5.5Identifying GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs for the baseline scenario 10 5.6Selecting relevant GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs for monitoring or estimating GHG emissions and removals . 11 5.7Quantifying GHG emissions and/or removals 11 5.8Quantifying GHG
20、 emission reductions and removal enhancements . 11 5.9Managing data quality . 12 5.10Monitoring the GHG project . 12 5.11Documenting the GHG project . 12 5.12Validation and/or verification of the GHG project 12 5.13Reporting the GHG project . 13 Annex A (informative) Guidance on the use of this part
21、 of ISO 14064 14 Annex B (informative) Greenhouse gas global warming potentials 27 Bibliography . 28 ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E) vii Copyright American Society for Quality Provided by IHS under license with ASQ Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 10/17/2007 02:51:5
22、7 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
23、technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates clo
24、sely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Dra
25、ft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this docu
26、ment may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14064-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management. ISO 14064 consists of the following parts, under the general title Greenhouse gases: Part 1
27、: Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements Part 3
28、: Specification with guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertions ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E) viii Copyright American Society for Quality Provided by IHS under license with ASQ Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 10/17/2007 02:51:57 MDT
29、No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Introduction 0.1Climate change has been identified as one of the greatest challenges facing nations, governments, business and citizens over future decades. Climate change has implications for both human and natural systems and c
30、ould lead to significant changes in resource use, production and economic activity. In response, international, regional, national, and local initiatives are being developed and implemented to limit greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the Earths atmosphere. Such GHG initiatives rely on the quanti
31、fication, monitoring, reporting and verification of GHG emissions and/or removals. ISO 14064-1 details principles and requirements for designing, developing, managing and reporting organization or company-level GHG inventories. It includes requirements for determining GHG emission boundaries, quanti
32、fying an organizations GHG emissions and removals and identifying specific company actions or activities aimed at improving GHG management. It also includes requirements and guidance on inventory quality management, reporting, internal auditing and the organizations responsibilities in verification
33、activities. This part of ISO 14064 focuses on GHG projects or project-based activities specifically designed to reduce GHG emissions or increase GHG removals. It includes principles and requirements for determining project baseline scenarios and for monitoring, quantifying and reporting project perf
34、ormance relative to the baseline scenario. It provides the basis for GHG projects to be validated and verified. ISO 14064-3 details principles and requirements for verifying GHG inventories and validating or verifying GHG projects. ISO 14064-3 describes the process for GHG-related validation or veri
35、fication and specifies components such as validation or verification planning, assessment procedures and the evaluation of organization or project GHG assertions. ISO 14064-3 can be used by organizations or independent parties to validate or verify GHG assertions. Figure 1 displays relationships amo
36、ng the three parts of ISO 14064. 0.2ISO 14064 is expected to benefit organizations, governments, project proponents and stakeholders worldwide by providing clarity and consistency for quantifying, monitoring, reporting and validating or verifying GHG inventories or projects. Specifically, use of ISO
37、 14064 could enhance the environmental integrity of GHG quantification, enhance the credibility, consistency, and transparency of GHG quantification, monitoring and reporting, including GHG project emission reductions and removal enhancements, facilitate the development and implementation of organiz
38、ation GHG management strategies and plans, facilitate the development and implementation of GHG projects, facilitate the ability to track performance and progress in the reduction of GHG emissions and/or increase in GHG removals, and facilitate the crediting and trade of GHG emission reductions or r
39、emoval enhancements. Users of ISO 14064 could find benefit from some of the following applications: a)corporate risk management: for example, the identification and management of risks and opportunities; b)voluntary initiatives: for example, participation in voluntary GHG registry or reporting initi
40、atives; c)GHG markets: for example, the buying and selling of GHG allowances or credits; d)regulatory/government reporting: for example, credit for early action, negotiated agreements or national reporting programmes. ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E) ix Copyright American Society for Quality Provided b
41、y IHS under license with ASQ Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 10/17/2007 02:51:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 0.3A standardized approach for quantification, monitoring and reporting is required for GHG projects and any
42、 resulting GHG emission reductions and/or removal enhancements, in order that they are comparable among intended users and GHG programmes. Accordingly, this part of ISO 14064 specifies a general, GHG programme-neutral framework and uses terms and concepts designed to be compatible with other require
43、ments and guidance from relevant GHG policies and programmes, good practice, legislation and standards. Reference 13 provides an example of good practice guidance. This part of ISO 14064 deals with the concept of additionality by requiring that the GHG project has resulted in GHG emission reductions
44、 or removal enhancements in addition to what would have happened in the absence of that project. It does not use the term “additionality”, prescribe baseline procedures or specify additionality criteria. This part of ISO 14064 requires the project proponent to identify and select GHG sources, sinks
45、and reservoirs relevant for the GHG project and for the baseline scenario. In order to be compatible with the broadest range of GHG programmes, it does not use the term “boundaries” to describe which GHG sources, sinks and/or reservoirs are considered for quantification, monitoring and reporting, bu
46、t instead uses the concept Figure 1 Relationship between the parts of ISO 14064 ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E) x Copyright American Society for Quality Provided by IHS under license with ASQ Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 10/17/2007 02:51:57 MDTNo reproduction or
47、 networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- of relevant GHG sources, sinks and/or reservoirs. Thus the project proponent may apply additionality criteria and procedures, or define and use boundaries consistent with relevant legislation, policy, GHG programmes and good practice. Quantificati
48、on and monitoring of project-level GHG emissions, removals, emission reductions and removal enhancements is challenging because actual project performance is assessed against a hypothetical baseline scenario that represents what would have happened in the absence of the GHG project. Consequently, it is difficult to verify GHG emissions, removals and/or stocks of the baseline scenario. It is therefore importa