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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3238-2: 1964 Graphical symbols for components of servo-mechanisms Part 2: General Servo-mechanisms Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:07:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3238-2:1964 This British Standard, having been approved by the Instrume
2、nt Industry Standards Committee and endorsed by the Chairman of the Engineering Divisional Council, was published under the authority of the General Council on 28 February 1964 BSI 03-2000 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee references INE/1/2 and INE/1/2/2 Dr
3、aft for comment AA(INE) 9313 ISBN 0 580 34405 3 Co-operating organizations The Instrument Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: Assoc
4、iation of Scientific Workers British Clock and Watch Manufacturers Association British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association* British Industrial Measuring and Control Apparatus Manufacturers Association* British Iron and Steel Federation* British Nautical Instrument Trade Association Briti
5、sh Railways Board British Scientific Instrument Research Association* Council of British Manufacturers of Petroleum Equipment* Electrical Research Association Electricity Council, The Generating Board and the Area Boards in England and Wales Electronic Engineering Association* Engineering Equipment
6、Users Association* Gauge and Tool Makers Association Institute of Physics and the Physical Society Institution of Chemical Engineers* Institution of Electrical Engineers* Institution of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Iron and Steel Institute Meteorological Offi
7、ce Ministry of Health Ministry of Housing and Local Government National Coal Board National Physical Laboratory (D.S.I.R.)* Oil Companies Materials Association* Scientific Instrument Manufacturers Association* Society of Instrument Technology* War Office* Water-tube Boilermakers Association* The Gov
8、ernment departments and scientific and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committees entrusted with the preparation of this standard: Admiralty Air Ministry Institution of Gas Engineers Ministry of Aviatio
9、n Society of British Aircraft Constructors Ltd. United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:07:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3238-2:1964 BSI 03-2000i Contents Page Co-oper
10、ating organizationsInside front cover Forewordii Appendix Examples of the application of standard symbols18 Figure 1 Position control servo block diagram18 Figure 2 Gyro repeater servo block diagram19 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:07:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy,
11、(c) BSI BS 3238-2:1964 ii BSI 03-2000 Foreword This standard makes reference to the following British Standards: BS 108, Graphical symbols for general electrical purposes. BS 530, Graphical symbols for telecommunications. BS 1523, Glossary of terms used in automatic controlling and regulating system
12、s Section 5: Components of servo-mechanisms. BS 2917, Graphical symbols for use in diagrams for fluid power transmission and control systems. BS 3238, Graphical symbols for components of servo-mechanisms Part 1: Transductors and magnetic amplifiers. This British Standard tabulates graphical symbols
13、for general servo-mechanisms and is the second section of a publication prepared to serve as a companion standard to BS 1523, “Glossary of terms used in automatic controlling and regulating systems”, Section 5:1954, “Components of servo-mechanisms”. The first section (BS 3238-1:1960) has already bee
14、n published and deals with graphical symbols for transductors and magnetic amplifiers. Not all the general servo-mechanism terms in BS 1523 are considered to need graphical symbols, for various reasons; e.g. the item defined can often be most suitably shown by a composite diagram built up from basic
15、 components which in some cases are not specified due to the wideness of the definition. While compiling this standard several other standards already published on graphical symbols for particular purposes, e.g. for the electrical industry, the machine tools industry and the aircraft industry, have
16、been kept closely in mind. The object of this standard is to develop standard symbols which allow the functioning and interconnections of general servo-mechanisms to be indicated on a single diagram even though the mechanisms may be, and usually are, a combination of electrical, mechanical, and hydr
17、aulic or pneumatic devices. It is this type of diagram that is required by the servo-mechanism manufacturer and user. An Appendix is included by way of example to illustrate the use of the symbols in diagrams of relatively simple servo-mechanisms. As far as is known no previous attempt has been made
18、 to standardize the graphical symbols for a large number of the components mentioned in BS 1523, and special consideration has had to be given to the degree of detail which would be desired by users. In this respect it is felt that two main requirements exist, firstly, graphical symbols for use in d
19、iagrams which show all the interconnections of the servo-mechanism and convey the principle of functioning of the mechanism in reasonable detail; secondly, a very much simpler type of symbol for use in block diagrams which are often required to facilitate explanation of the system. While it is not c
20、onsidered that the size of the symbols should be rigidly specified, for the guidance of users and to assist in the production of stencils should these be required, it is mentioned that the scale used for the symbols in the body of this draft is that recommended for general use in diagrams. In genera
21、l the presentation of the symbols detailed in this standard should be so that the “cause to effect” is shown from left to right. However, different arrangements of symbols may be used where this principle cannot be followed, as for example in feedback loops, the standard symbols may then be turned i
22、n any direction to obtain the best presentation. Where it is desired to show that certain items of a servo-mechanism system are grouped together either functionally or physically the symbols for these items may be enclosed within a chain dotted boundary. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, W
23、ed Nov 29 03:07:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3238-2:1964 BSI 03-2000iii A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not
24、 of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 19 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the
25、 amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:07:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:07:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3238-2:1964 BSI 03-20001 Item
26、number and description Number in BS 1523 Section 5 Further description and NotesSymbol 1General symbol ShaftsThe black and white portions are equal in length and should be approximately four times the diameter of the shaft. NOTE AIn block diagrams where it is desired to show multiple drives from a s
27、ingle shaft they may be represented by means of tee-junctions. (See Appendix, Figure 1). NOTE BThere is no significance in the position of any component either on a shaft or receiving a shaft in relation to the shaft illustration. 2Direction of cause to effect (here, left to right). 3Rotation and di
28、rection of rotation 4The symbol for indicating limited rotation is a constant length arc, the limits being defined by writing in the angle, when known. 5Translatory motion Where it is important to specify the limits of this motion they shall be defined by writing them in an appropriate position alon
29、g-side the symbol. 6Shafts crossing, but not connected 7Connected shafts. The number of sectors inside the circle shall be equal to the number of shafts coupled to the gear box. Numbers in the sectors indicate the speed ratio between two shafts. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29
30、 03:07:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3238-2:1964 2 BSI 03-2000 Item number and description Number in BS 1523 Section 5 Further description and NotesSymbol 8General symbol. NOTETo improve the clarity of composite diagrams, pipes may be drawn thicker than electrical conductors. Pipe
31、s 9Where necessary, to distinguish between pipes and electrical conductors to a single piece of equipment, where a pipe is attached to any mechanism a “nipple” may be shown. As an example a pipe is shown here attached to a mechanism X signified by the square. 10Pipes crossing a. Pipes NOTEThis is an
32、 additional method of differentiating between pipes and electrical conductors. b. Shafts c. Electrical conductors 11Connected pipes NOTEThe connector dot should be approximately five times the width of the associated lines. 12General symbol. Electrical conductors 13Electrical conductors crossing, bu
33、t not connected. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:07:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3238-2:1964 BSI 03-20003 Item number and description Number in BS 1523 Section 5 Further description and NotesSymbol 14Connected electrical conductors Electrical conductors
34、(continued) 155103-5 and 5301 General symbol. Mechanical differentials NOTEPlus or minus signs in the sectors opposite the input shafts may be used to indicate the contribution of each of these shafts to the input: positive rotation being clockwise when viewed by an observer looking towards the gear
35、. A cage may be indicated thus. 165103 5301 Differential gear or summing gear. The arcs indicating rotation need be included only if desired. 175104 and 5105 Rack type differential or differential lever. If more detail is desired the particular symbols given below may be used. 185104Rack type differ
36、ential 195105Differential lever. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:07:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3238-2:1964 4 BSI 03-2000 Item number and description Number in BS 1523 Section 5 Further description and NotesSymbol 20General symbol. Electrical pick-offs
37、The nature of the input, i.e. whether mechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic, etc. is to be indicated as appropriate at the left side of square. Variations of the short diagonal line are intended to represent the basic functions of the pick-offs, such variations being as follows: Potentiometer pick-off
38、 Inductive pick-off Capacitive pick-off Temperature dependencet Light or other radiant energy pick-off NOTERadioactive input may be shown by the inclusion above the arrows of or as appropriate. 215108Potentiometer pick-off. This, and the following symbols are for circuit diagrams, where more detail
39、is required. NOTEThe broken line indicates that there is a mechanical coupling between mechanical and electrical systems but not an electrical connection. 225106Inductive pick-off. Example I. with reversible phase output. Example II. simple pick-off with irreversible phase output. NOTEThe broken lin
40、e indicates that there is a mechanical coupling between mechanical and electrical systems but not an electrical connection. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:07:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3238-2:1964 BSI 03-20005 Item number and description Number in BS
41、1523 Section 5 Further description and NotesSymbol 235107Contact pick-off. Electrical pick-offs (continued) The contact arrangement will vary with the type of pick-off, and is to be drawn according to BS 108a. This is given as an example. NOTEThe broken line indicates that there is a mechanical coup
42、ling between mechanical and electrical systems but not an electrical connection. 245110 etc. Generic symbol SynchrosThe appropriate letter for the particular synchro being symbolized shall be inserted inside the inner circle. The letters to be used, according to the function of the synchro, are as f
43、ollows: First letterFunction C T R Control Torque Resolver Succeeding lettersFunction D R T X B Differential Receiver Transformer Transmitter Rotatable stator winding In the symbol the inner circle represents the rotor and the outer circle the stator or, in certain instances, a rotatable outer windi
44、ng. 25Typical example illustrating electrical connectors to a torque transmitter. NOTETerminal markings, which should correspond with those appearing on the component, may be added if required. 26Method of showing shaft. NOTEThe general orientation of the shaft should suit terminal arrangements. 27M
45、ethod of showing clamped shaft. NOTEThe general orientation of the shaft should suit terminal arrangements. a BS 108, “Graphical symbols for general electrical purposes”. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:07:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3238-2:1964 6 BSI 0
46、3-2000 Item number and description Number in BS 1523 Section 5 Further description and NotesSymbol 28Method of showing two shafts. Synchros (continued) NOTEThe general orientation of the shaft should suit terminal arrangements. 295201Generic symbol with input and output connections as appropriate to
47、 the type of amplifier. (See examples below.) NOTEThe symbol points in the direction of transmission. Variations of this symbol to illustrate specific types of amplifier may be made, for instance a summing amplifier may be shown thus: Amplifiers 305247The symbol given is for the particular form of a
48、mplifier defined in BS 1523, term No. 5247. Hydraulic amplifiers 315248The symbol given is for the particular form of relay defined in BS 1523, term No. 5248. Pneumatic amplifiers 325202The vertical shaft comes from the local power source. Torque amplifiers 335203 to 5206 Symbol for single line bloc
49、k diagrams. NOTEAppropriate symbols from BS 530a may be used to denote the nature or function of the amplifier. Electrical amplifiers Symbol for circuit diagrams. (Example) where internal details of the amplifier are not required. (The example shown is one type of push-pull amplifier.) If internal details of the amplifier are required use BS 530a a BS 530, “Graphical symbols for telecommunications”. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:07:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3238-2:1964 BSI 03-20007 Item number