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1、AS 36331989 Australian Standard Private swimming pools Water quality Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 08 May 2008 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee CS/61, Sanitization of Private Swimming Pools. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 27 Novemb
2、er 1989 and published on 15 December 1989. The following interests are represented on Committee CS/61: Australian Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association Australian Consumers Association Australian Federation of Consumer Organizations Australian Government Analytical Laboratories Australian I
3、nstitute of Health Surveyors Australian Retailers Association Confederation of Australian Industry Department of Health, N.S.W. Department of Sport, Recreation and Racing, N.S.W. Health Department, Vic. Local Government Association of N.S.W. National Health and Medical Research Council South Austral
4、ian Health Commission Swimming Pool and Spa Association of Australia The Royal Australian Chemical Institute Water Resources Commission, Qld Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the iss
5、ue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto. Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia Catalogue of
6、Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine The Australian Standard, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards. Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed
7、to the head office of Standards Australia, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken. This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 86179.
8、 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 08 May 2008 AS 36331989 Australian Standard Private swimming pools Water quality First published as AS 36331989. PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA (STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA) 1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140 ISBN 0 7262 5957 8 Accessed by UNIVE
9、RSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 08 May 2008 AS 363319892 PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on Sanitization of Private Swimming Pools. This Standard specifies requirements for the sanitization and maintenance of water quality in privateswimming pools.Further, this St
10、andard aims at providing information about the various types of treatments available, their effectiveness, and the hazards associated with swimming pools when sanitary levels have not been maintained. Moreover, the Standard includes Appendices which provide detailed information about pool chemicals
11、as well as an explanation of the chemistry of pool treatment. As such, the Standard provides basic information required by the private pool owner as well as technical information for the water treatment specialist. A Standard dealing with test kits intended for testing the water quality of private s
12、wimming pools, as outlined in Section 6, is in course of preparation. CopyrightSTANDARDS AUSTRALIA Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia publications and software. Except where the Copyright Act allows and except where provided for below no publications o
13、r software produced by Standards Australia may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia. Permission may be conditional on an appropriate royalty payment. Requests for permission and information on
14、 commercial software royalties should be directed to the head office of Standards Australia. Standards Australia will permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to
15、 Standards Australia. Standards Australia will also permit the inclusion of its copyright material in computer software programs for no royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs. Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the
16、current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified. The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in c
17、ommercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia at any time. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 08 May 2008 3AS 36331989 CONTENTS Page SECTION 1.SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.2PURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.3RELATED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.4DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.4.1Ac
19、id demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.4.2Acidic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.4.3Algicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.4.4Alkaline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.4.5Alkalinity, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.4.6Bactericide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.4.7Bromine, combined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.
21、4.8Bromine, free . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.4.9Bromine, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.4.10 Chlorine, combined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.4.11 Chlorine, free . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 1.4.12 Chlorine, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 1.4.13 Hardness, calcium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 1.4.14 pH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . .6 1.4.15 Sanitizer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 1.4.16 Shock dose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 1.4.17 Solids, total dissolved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 1.4.18 Stabilizer . . . . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 1.4.19 Superchlorination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 1.4.20 Swimming pools, private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 SECTION 2.FILTRATION SYSTEMS 2.1FILTRATION SYSTEM VARIABLES . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 2.2MINIMUM TURNOVER RATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 SECTION 3.CHEMICAL AND SANITIZER CONCENTRATIONS 3.1CHEMICAL CONCENTRATION REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . .8 3.2SANITIZER CONCENTRATION REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . .8 SECTION 4.STORAGE
26、AND HANDLING OF CHEMICALS 4.1GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 4.2PRECAUTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 4.3DISPOSAL OF UNWANTED POOL CHEMICALS . . . . . . . . . . .11 4.4FIRST AID . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 SECTION 5.DOSING 5.1GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 5.2CONTINUOUS DOSING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 5.3INTERMITTENT DOSING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 SECTION 6.TESTING 6.1TEST EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 6.1.1Test kit using ortho tolidine (O-T) reagent . . . . . . . . . . . .13 6.1.2Chemical test kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 6.1.3Dip
29、 stick test kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 6.1.4Other test equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 08 May 2008 AS 36331989 4 Page 6.2 TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.2.1General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.2.2Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.2.3pH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.
31、2.4Total alkalinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.2.5Calcium hardness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.2.6Salt (sodium chloride) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.2.7Total dissolved solids. . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6.2.8 Chlorine, free, total, and combined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6.2.9Isocyanuric acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6.2.10 Bromine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6.2.11 Polyhex
33、amethylene biguanide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6.2.12 Hydrogen peroxide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 SECTION 7. TYPES OF TREATMENTS 7.1 WATER SANITIZING PRODUCTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.2 ALGICIDE PRODUCTS . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.3 SUPPLEMENTARY POOL CHEMICALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 SECTION 8. PROCEDURES FOR INITIAL PREPARATION AND ON-GOING MAINTENANCE OF POOL WATER 8.1 POOL MATERIALS AND DESIGN, AND INITIAL PREPARA- TION OF POOL WATER FOR USE (POOL START-UP) . . . . . .
35、 20 8.2 ROUTINE POOL WATER MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 8.2.1Daily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 8.2.2Weekly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 8.2.3Fortnightly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 8.2.4Monthly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 8.2.5Non-use over short period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 8.2.6 Preparation after short period of non-use . . . . . . . . . . 22 8.2.7Non-use over long pe
37、riod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 8.2.8 Preparation after long period of non-use. . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 8.3 EMPTYING POOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 8.3.1General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、. 22 8.3.2Inground pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 APPENDICES A POLLUTANTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 B WATER TREATMENT PRODUCTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 C CHEMICAL BALANCE OF WATER. . . . . . . .
39、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 D CHLORINE TREATMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 E BREAKPOINT CHLORINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 F BROMINE TREATMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 G POISON INFORMATION CENTRES. . . . . .
40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 08 May 2008 5AS 36331989 STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Australian Standard Private swimming poolsWater quality SECTION 1.SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1SCOPE.ThisStandardappliestoprivate swimmingpoolsandsetsoutrequirementsand information for a
41、chieving and maintaining sanitary water conditions for the protection of bathers health and comfort, ensuring the aesthetic appeal of the water as well as protecting the pool, its fittings and its accessories. 1.2PURPOSE.Thepurposeofachievingand maintaining a sanitary level of water quality, as well
42、 as the efficient operation of equipment, is as follows: (a)To disinfect the water by killing disease-producing bacteria,virusesandotherorganisms(e.g. amoebae,pseudomonas,etc)which couldbe responsible for (i)primary amoebic meningoencephalitis; (ii)gastro-intestinal infections, e.g. shigellosis; (ii
43、i) skin infections, e.g. athletes foot, plantar warts; (iv) eye infections, e.g. conjunctivitis (pink eye) (v)earinfections,e.g.otitisexterna (inflammation of the outer ear); (vi) throat infections, e.g. tonsilitis; and (vii) respiratory infections, e.g. bronchitis. NOTE: Although each of the above
44、infections may be transmitted through inadequately treated swimming pool water, they may also, and usually more often, be transmitted through physical contact with other bathers, pool surrounds, towels, showers, toilets and animals. (b)To prevent eye irritation, see Appendix E. (c)To prevent algal g
45、rowth, see Paragraph A8 of Appendix A. (d)To remove pollutants introduced by the bathers, e.g. perspiration and urine. (e)To minimize obnoxious odours and tastes. (f)To improve the appearance of water by upgrading its clarity and sparkle. NOTE: Clear, sparkling water does not indicate that the pool
46、is free from bacteria, viruses, amoebae or other disease-causing organisms. It merely indicates that the pool water includes an effective algaecide and that the recirculation/filtration system is operating satisfactorily. (g)To prevent build up of scale. (h)To prevent corrosion to fixtures and plant
47、, see Paragraph A9 of Appendix A. 1.3RELATEDDOCUMENTS.Foradditional information about swimmingpools and their accessories attention is drawn to the following related Standards. AS 1838 and 1839Premoulded reinforced plastics swimming pools 1900Childrens flotation toys and swimming aids 1926Fences and
48、 gates for private swimming pools 2020Safety covers for private swimming pools and wading pools (for the protection of children 5 years of age and under) 2160Contract for the supply and construction of a swimming pool 2610Spa pools 2610.1Part 1: Public spas 2610.2Part 2: Private spas 2783SAA Concret
49、e Swimming Pools Code 2818Guide to swimming pool safety 1.4DEFINITIONS.Forthepurposeofthis Standard, the definitions below apply. 1.4.1Acid demanda measurement of the amount of acid that needs to be added to the pool water to lower the pH and total alkalinity to acceptable levels. 1.4.2Acidicwater with a pH between 0 and 7. 1.4.3Algicidea chemical that is capable of killing algae. 1.4.4Alkalinewater with a pH between 7 and 14. 1.4.5Alkalinity, totalameasureof the total amount of dissolved alkaline compounds in the pool water. NOTE: Total alkalinity is a measurem