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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 733-1:1983 ISO 3507:1976 Pyknometers Part 1: Specification ISO title: Pyknometers UDC 531.754.4:542.3 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 10:53:11 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 733-1:1983 This British Standard, hav
2、ing been prepared under the direction of the Laboratory Apparatus Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 30 December 1983 BSI 09-1999 First published as BS 733:1937 First revision July 1952 Second revision April 1965 Third revision as BS 7
3、33-1 December 1983 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference LBC/27 Draft for comment 75/50380 DC ISBN 0 580 13630 2 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Laboratory Apparatus Standar
4、ds Committee (LBC/-) to Technical Committee LBC/27 upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Clinical Biochemists British Laboratory Ware Association British Lampblown Scientific Glassware Manufacturers Association Ltd. Department of Health and Social Security Department of Tr
5、ade and Industry Laboratory of the Government Chemist Glass Manufacturers Federation Institute of Medical Laboratory Sciences Medical Sterile Products Association Ministry of Defence Society of Chemical Industry Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: London
6、South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 10:53:11 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 733-1:1983 BSI 09-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii 1Scope and field of application1 2Basis of adjustment1 3Types and series of sizes1
7、 4Definition of capacity1 5Difference between actual capacity and nominal capacity1 6Construction1 7Graduation lines3 8Inscriptions3 9Visibility of graduation lines, figures and inscriptions4 Annex Device for adjusting the liquid level in a Reischauer-type pyknometer8 Figure 1 Type 1 (Lipkin)5 Figur
8、e 2 Type 2 (Sprengel)5 Figure 3 Type 3 (Gay-Lussac)6 Figure 4 Type 4 (Reischauer)6 Figure 5 Type 5 (Hubbard)6 Figure 6 Draw-off needle8 Figure 7 Filling needle8 Table 1 Types and sizes of pyknometers1 Table 2 Dimensional requirements for pyknometer tubes4 Table 3 Dimensional requirements for pyknome
9、ter flasks7 Publications referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 10:53:11 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 733-1:1983 ii BSI 09-1999 National foreword This Part of this British Standard has been prepared under th
10、e direction of the Laboratory Apparatus Standards Committee and is identical with ISO 3507 “Pyknometers”, published in 1976 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). BS 733 was first published in 1937 under the title “Density bottles” and was subsequently revised in 1952 and again
11、 in 1965. BS 733:1965 is withdrawn. The principal changes in this Part of this revision include a change of title to “Pyknometers” in order to accommodate the Lipkin and Sprengel instruments which cannot be described as density bottles, the omission of the 100 mL size of Gay-Lussac bottle and the om
12、ission of the appendices describing determination of capacity, calculation of density and measurement of liquid in bulk. It is intended to publish the revised appendices in due course as BS 733-2. The unit of capacity remains the cubic centimetre, for which the name “millilitre” is used throughout.
13、ISO is considering a proposal from the UK for the re-instatement of the 100 mL Gay-Lussac bottle and, should the proposal be accepted, it is intended that this Part of this revision will be amended accordingly. Terminology and conventions. The text of the International Standard has been approved as
14、suitable for publication as a British Standard without deviation. Some terminology and certain conventions are not identical with those used in British Standards; attention is drawn especially to the following. The comma has been used as a decimal marker. In British Standards it is current practice
15、to use a full point on the baseline as the decimal marker. The lower case “l” has been used as an abbreviation for the litre. In British Standards it is current practice to use a capital “L” as the abbreviation for the litre. Wherever the words “International Standard” appear, referring to this stan
16、dard, they should be read as “British Standard”. Cross references. The Technical Committee has reviewed the provisions of ISO 383, to which reference is made in the text, and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this standard. A related British Standard is BS 572 “Interch
17、angeable conical ground glass joints”. NOTEThe reference, in the footnote to 6.1, to ISO 4789 (in course of preparation) for which there is no corresponding British Standard constitutes informative matter only and, since no mandatory requirements are involved, the validity of this British Standard i
18、s not affected. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This doc
19、ument comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed C
20、opy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 10:53:11 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 733-1:1983 BSI 09-19991 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard specifies requirements for an internationally acceptable series of pyknometers for g
21、eneral laboratory use for the determination of the densities of liquids. Specialized pyknometers for use with particular products, or otherwise not in common use, are excluded. Sufficient details to define such pyknometers should be included in International Standards specifying or describing their
22、use. A device suitable for adjusting the liquid level in the neck of the Reischauer pyknometer is shown in the Annex. 2 Basis of adjustment 2.1 Unit of volume The unit of volume shall be the cubic centimetre (cm3), for which the name millilitre (ml) may be used. 2.2 Reference temperature If the prec
23、ise capacity is marked on a pyknometer, the verification temperature at which this precise capacity is determined shall also be marked. The temperature should preferably be 20 C. NOTEWhen it is necessary in tropical countries to work at an ambient temperature considerably above 20 C, and these count
24、ries do not wish to use the standard reference temperature of 20 C, it is recommended that they adopt a temperature of 27 C. 3 Types and series of sizes Two types of pyknometer tube and three types of pyknometer flask are specified, as listed in Table 1 and illustrated in Figure 1 to Figure 5. Types
25、 1 and 2, of tubular form, are for suspension; types 3, 4 and 5, of flask form, are free-standing on flat bases. Types 1 and 4, and type 2 if provided with caps, are recommended for use with volatile liquids. Type 5 is recommended for very viscous materials. The series of sizes for each type of pykn
26、ometer shall be as shown in Table 1. NOTEThe nominal capacities in Table 1 are expressed for convenience in millilitres (used here as a special name for the cubic centimetre) because density is commonly expressed in grams per millilitre, but the pyknometers are equally suitable for determination of
27、density or relative density in any desired units. Table 1 Types and sizes of pyknometers 4 Definition of capacity 4.1 precise capacity the volume, in millilitres, of water at the reference temperature contained by the pyknometer, also at that temperature. The volume, according to type, is defined as
28、 follows: Type 1: Between zero lines of the two scales Type 2: From tip of jet to graduation line Types 3 and 5: To top of bore of stopper Type 4: To zero line of scale the preferred reference temperature is 20 C but other temperatures may be selected as appropriate 4.2 nominal capacity the precise
29、capacity rounded to the nearest appropriate value given in Table 1 5 Difference between actual capacity and nominal capacity The difference between the actual capacity and the nominal capacity of a pyknometer shall not exceed the appropriate maximum value shown in Table 2 and Table 3. 6 Construction
30、 6.1 Material Pyknometers should preferably be made from borosilicate glass of class 1 hydrolytic resistance1), and shall be as free as possible from visible defects and reasonably free from internal strain. Stoppers or taps shall be made from glass having similar thermal properties to that used for
31、 the pyknometers to which they are fitted. Pyknometers made from soda-lime glass may require more frequent calibration than those made from borosilicate glass. TypeDesignation Nominal capacities ml 1 2 3 4 5 Lipkin Sprengel Gay-Lussac Reischauer Hubbard 125 5 10 10 10 25 25 25 25 50 50 1) An Interna
32、tional Standard (ISO 4789) covering the classification of laboratory glasses according to their hydrolytic resistance is in preparation. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 10:53:11 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 733-1:1983 2 BSI 09-19
33、99 6.2 Mass The mass of a pyknometer shall not exceed the appropriate maximum value shown in Table 2 and Table 3. 6.3 Dimensions Pyknometers shall comply with the appropriate toleranced dimensional requirements shown in Table 2 and Table 3. The additional dimensions which are specified by nominal va
34、lues without tolerances are for the guidance of manufacturers. 6.4 Shape The shapes of the five types of pyknometer shall be generally as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 5 and shall comply with the detailed requirements set out below. All tapered portions of pyknometers shall be smoothly formed so as to
35、 avoid sharp shoulders which could entrap air bubbles. 6.4.1 Pyknometers of type 1 shall have an oval bulb, as illustrated in Figure 1, which merges gradually into the tubes at each end. The left arm of the pyknometer shall be bent as shown in Figure 1, the distance from the end to the outside of th
36、e bend being 20 2 mm and the included angle being 50 to 55. The two ends of the pyknometer shall be finished square with the axis of the tubes and smoothly fire-polished without constriction. 6.4.2 Pyknometers of type 2 shall have a cylindrical bulb with tapered ends which merge gradually into the a
37、djoining tubes. The two arms shall be bent at an angle of approximately 75 to the vertical and shall lie in the same plane as the U-portion of the pyknometer. One arm shall be drawn down to a smooth tapered jet, the end of which shall have a bore of approximately 0,5 mm and shall be ground smooth at
38、 right angles to the axis of the tube and slightly bevelled on the outside. The end of the other arm of the pyknometer shall be finished square with the axis of the tube and smoothly fire-polished without constriction. 6.4.3 Pyknometers of type 2 may, if desired, be fitted with ground-on caps at the
39、 ends of the side arms. A pyknometer of this form shall comply with the following additional requirements: The ground zones of the joints shall be such that the two caps are interchangeable, and the joints should preferably comply with the requirements for size 5/9 of ISO 383. The cones of the joint
40、s shall be formed with a minimum distortion of the bore of the tube and such distortion shall be smoothly tapered. The tip of the jet shall project beyond the small end of the ground zone and shall meet the requirements of 6.4.2. The caps shall be smoothly ground to a good fit on the cones and shall
41、 be of sufficient size to clear the tip of the jet. 6.4.4 Pyknometers of types 3, 4 and 5 shall stand vertically without rocking or spinning when placed on a level surface. They shall not topple when placed empty, with the stopper inserted, on a surface inclined at an angle of 15 to the horizontal.
42、6.4.5 Pyknometers of types 3 and 4 should preferably have a body shape similar to that shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, in which the plane of maximum diameter is at approximately one-quarter of the distance from the base to the bottom of the neck. 6.4.6 Pyknometers of type 5 shall have a body shape a
43、s shown in Figure 5, in which the upper end of the conical portion merges smoothly with the neck without a sharp shoulder. The radius of curvature between the lower end of the conical portion and the base shall not be less than 5 mm. 6.5 Necks The necks of pyknometer flasks shall comply with the fol
44、lowing requirements: 6.5.1 For types 3 and 5, the top of the neck shall be finely ground at right angles to the axis of the flask so that there is no channel in which liquid can lodge between the stopper and the neck of the bottle. The outer edge of the top of the neck shall be slightly bevelled. Th
45、e ground zone of the neck shall extend below the bottom of the stopper when the latter is in position and there shall be no ridge at the lower end of the grinding. 6.5.2 For type 4, the portion of the neck bearing the graduated scale shall be cylindrical and the internal diameter shall be uniform ov
46、er the entire scale length. The internal diameter of the neck above this portion shall not be constricted. The upper end of the neck shall be ground either as a socket with a strengthening bead above as shown in Figure 4, or as a cone, as shown in Figure 4a). In either case the grinding should prefe
47、rably comply with the requirements of ISO 383, for the joint sizes listed in Table 3. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 10:53:11 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 733-1:1983 BSI 09-19993 6.6 Stoppers Stoppers for pyknometer flasks shall
48、 be finely ground to fit the necks of the flasks and shall comply with the following requirements: 6.6.1 For type 3, the ground zone of the stopper shall extend above the neck of the flask when the stopper is in position in the flask and this portion shall also be finely ground. The top of the stopp
49、er shall be ground at right angles to the axis and polished, and shall have a slightly bevelled edge. The bottom of the stopper shall be finely ground at right angles to the axis and shall have a slightly bevelled edge. The edges where the hole through the stopper intersects the top and bottom of the stopper shall be regular in outline and not chipped or countersunk. The upper portion of the stopper shall have two inclined polished faces on opposite sides. These inclined faces shall not encroach on the ground zone of the stopper. 6.6.2 For ty