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1、BS ISO 12646:2008 ICS 37.100.01 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Graphic technology Displays for colour proofing Characteristics and viewing conditions Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:30, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Th
2、is British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2008 BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 57444 3 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments BS ISO 12646:2008 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of
3、ISO 12646:2008. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/43, Graphic technology. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a c
4、ontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:30, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 12646:2008 Reference number ISO 12646:2008(E) ISO 2008 INTER
5、NATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12646 Second edition 2008-06-01 Graphic technology Displays for colour proofing Characteristics and viewing conditions Technologie graphique Affichages pour la ralisation dpreuves en couleur Caractristiques et conditions dexamen visuel Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Ko
6、ng, 21/10/2008 04:30, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 12646:2008 ISO 12646:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are license
7、d to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the
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9、it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopyin
10、g and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerlan
11、d ii ISO 2008 All rights reserved Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:30, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 12646:2008 ISO 12646:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms, definitions and ab
12、breviated terms . 1 3.1 Terms and definitions. 1 3.2 Abbreviated terms 3 4 Requirements 3 4.1 Resolution . 3 4.2 Size. 3 4.3 Refresh rate (CRTs only). 4 4.4 Uniformity of luminance. 4 4.5 Geometric accuracy (CRTs only) . 4 4.6 Convergence (CRTs only). 4 4.7 Ambient illumination, surroundings and env
13、ironment. 4 4.8 Chromaticity, luminance of the white and black points, and tracking (channel balance) 5 4.9 Gamma. 6 4.10 Colorimetric accuracy and grey balance . 6 4.11 Directional variation of luminance and chroma (FPDs only) 7 5 Test methods. 7 5.1 Preparation and instrument set-up. 7 5.2 Resolut
14、ion (CRTs only). 7 5.3 Uniformity 8 5.4 Geometric accuracy (CRTs only) . 9 5.5 Convergence (CRTs only). 10 5.6 Measurement conditions . 10 Annex A (informative) Characterization and calibration 14 Bibliography. 18 Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:30, Uncontrolled Copy, (c)
15、 BSI BS ISO 12646:2008 ISO 12646:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO tec
16、hnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closel
17、y with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft
18、International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this documen
19、t may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 12646 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12646:2004), which has been extensivel
20、y revised to include the particular requirements of flat panel displays. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:30, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 12646:2008 ISO 12646:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved v Introduction The ability to match colour images displayed on colour m
21、onitors to the images produced when the same digital file is rendered by proofing and printing systems (commonly referred to as “soft” proofing) is increasingly expected in graphic arts. Obtaining such a match is not simple and to be fully accurate requires careful control of many aspects of the pro
22、cess. The primary purpose of this International Standard is to make recommendations with respect to the soft proof viewing conditions. If these are controlled, it is then possible for users to exchange meaningful calibration (3.1.1) and characterization (3.1.2) data such that a consistent and, possi
23、bly, accurate colour match to the hard copy proof is achieved. In the case of visual display devices, the RGB device values are related to CIE tristimulus values. The appearance of a colour image on a colour display is influenced by many physical factors other than controlled ambient viewing conditi
24、ons. Among the most important of these are uniformity, convergence, size and resolution (in order to permit rendition of the proof at close to its normal size and with the finest detail visible on the hard copy at normal viewing distances), variation of electro-optical properties with viewing direct
25、ion, freedom from flicker and glare (specular reflections with distinct images), the opto-electronic calibration of the display and the settings of its display driver software. So, to be acceptable as a proofing system which provides a reasonable level of image quality, the display must also exhibit
26、 these properties at an acceptable quality. This International Standard is based on the use of the flat panel display (FPD) and cathode ray tube display (CRT) technologies. It specifies the requirements for factors such as uniformity, convergence, refresh rate, size and spatial resolution. However,
27、since these parameters are subject to improvement as display technology changes, this International Standard only defines minimum requirements for these parameters. It is assumed that displays used for this purpose will always conform to accepted industry “standards” for computer-aided design (CAD),
28、 and generally provide quality levels considered acceptable for this purpose, where they offer an improvement over the specifications herein. Note that, even for displays of the highest quality, the appearance of the displayed image will be limited by the accuracy of the colour transformation used f
29、or converting the digital file from its encoded colour space to that required for display purposes. This International Standard provides no formal specifications for these transformations, although the issues are discussed in an informative annex (Annex A), together with recommendations for achievin
30、g an acceptable colour transformation. This International Standard only considers the setting up of colour displays as “soft” proofing devices. It primarily focuses on applications where the displayed image will be directly compared to a hard copy. However, in some practical situations, the image on
31、 the screen is evaluated in the absence of a hard copy. In this International Standard examples of two practical use cases are described. The first concerns the comparison of a soft proof with a hard copy proof; the second concerns the viewing of displayed images independently of any hard copy image
32、. For the viewing of displayed images independently of any hard copy image, less restrictive requirements are sufficient, and they are stated separately in this International Standard. This viewing is therefore concerned with modifying the “hard” and “soft” controls of the display to enable it to si
33、mulate a proof. In this sense, it can be looked on as a “slave” device. However, it is in the interests of a CAD user, where the colour display in a real sense “originates” from the image, to set up the display in a similar way. This will enable simpler optimization of the colour transformation to t
34、he selected hard copy system used for rendering the image, in order to produce an accurate reproduction, if this is an important requirement. However, it is possible to undertake image processing to modify the image when rendered to make it look like the displayed image (colour gamuts permitting) wh
35、atever the opto-electronic calibration of the display. This is briefly discussed in Annex A. Users of this International Standard will also benefit from CIE Publication 12214. Those unfamiliar with the judgement of displays may also find it helpful to read IEC 61223-2-59 which contains much useful d
36、etailed information about evaluation and testing of image display devices. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:30, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 12646:2008 Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:30, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 12646:2008 INTERNA
37、TIONAL STANDARD ISO 12646:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1 Graphic technology Displays for colour proofing Characteristics and viewing conditions 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the minimum requirements for the characteristics of displays to be used for soft proofing of colour im
38、ages. Included are requirements for uniformity, convergence, refresh rate, display diagonal size, spatial resolution and glare of the screen surface. The dependence of colorimetric properties on the electrical drive signals and viewing direction, especially for flat panel displays, is also specified
39、. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3664, Graphic techno
40、logy and photography Viewing conditions ISO 13655:1), Graphic technology Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for graphic arts images ISO 15790, Graphic technology and photography Certified reference materials for reflection and transmission metrology Documentation and procedures for us
41、e, including determination of combined standard uncertainty CIE Publication 15, Colorimetry 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 calibration operation of establishing that the measured
42、 values agree with the values specified by a standard or a characterization process 3.1.2 characterization process of relating device-dependent colour values to device-independent colour values 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 13655:1996) Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008
43、04:30, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 12646:2008 ISO 12646:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3.1.3 convergence ability of the three electron beams (R, G and B) to come together at a single spot on the surface of the CRT (see 3.2) NOTE Not applicable to FPDs (see 3.2). 3.1.4 DVD design viewin
44、g direction direction for which specific electro-optical characteristics of the display have been optimized NOTE Examples of important electro-optical characteristics are maximum luminance and maximum contrast. 3.1.5 gamma best-fit parameter which relates the monitor normalized output luminance to a
45、 normalized input digital value presented to the monitor system including its hardware and software components as given in Equation (1): LS= (1) where L is the normalized output luminance; S is the normalized input digital value NOTE This definition is traditionally used in graphic technology for wo
46、rk with CRTs (see 3.2). It ignores offset and gain and thus differs from that in CIE Publication 12214. See also target gamma (3.1.12). 3.1.6 hard copy proofing system system for simulating a printed image using a printing device which may be different from that used for production 3.1.7 OFF-state c
47、ondition in which the display is switched off 3.1.8 ON-state condition in which the display is switched on NOTE This definition is important for light-valve-like displays, which might emit a significant light intensity even when displaying the darkest image (R = G = B = 0) in the ON-state. 3.1.9 opt
48、o-electronic transfer function relationship between the input values provided to, and the luminance values produced by, a display device 3.1.10 refresh rate frequency with which the image on the screen is redrawn NOTE The refresh rate is expressed in Hertz (Hz). Licensed CopyChinese University of Ho
49、ng Kong, 21/10/2008 04:30, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 12646:2008 ISO 12646:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3 3.1.11 RGB additive process colour model where the channels are called Red, Green and Blue ISO 15930-7:2008, definition 3.29 3.1.12 target gamma gamma value specified by the vendor either as a single number characterizing the total range or piecewise as a look-up table for inputs from 0 to 2n1 (n-bit) NOTE The target gamma characterizes the intended input-output relation. The target gammas of