《BS-ISO-IEC-14478-1-1998.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《BS-ISO-IEC-14478-1-1998.pdf（46页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO/IEC 14478-1:1998 Information technology Computer graphics and image processing Presentation Environment for Multimedia Objects (PREMO) Part 1: Fundamentals of PREMO ICS 33.160.60; 35.140 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 21 08:49:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrol
2、led Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO/IEC 14478-1:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the DISC Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 March 1999 BSI 05-1999 ISBN 0 580 30075 7 National foreword This British Standard repr
3、oduces verbatim ISO/IEC 14478-1:1998 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/31, Computer graphics and image processing, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the respo
4、nsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on re
5、quest to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of
6、 the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
7、Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the ISO/IEC title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 36 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment
8、 table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 21 08:49:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO/IEC 14478-1:1998 BSI 05-1999i Contents Page National forewordInside front cover Forewordiv Text
9、 of ISO/IEC 14478-11 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 21 08:49:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 21 08:49:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 21 0
10、8:49:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO/IEC 14478-1:1998 ii BSI 05-1999 Contents Page Forewordiv Introduction1 1Scope1 2Normative references2 3Definitions2 4Symbols and abbreviations9 5Conformance9 6Requirements for PREMO9 6.1Introduction9 6.2Extensibility10 6.3Configurability10 6.
11、4Incremental, separable development10 6.5Simplicity10 6.6Ease of use10 6.7Other influences11 6.7.1Application development environment11 6.7.2Execution environment11 6.8Functionality11 6.8.1Introduction11 6.8.2Computer graphics11 6.8.3User interfaces11 6.8.4Dynamic interactive graphics11 6.8.5Animati
12、on11 6.8.6Audio12 6.8.7Video12 6.8.8Other and future media12 6.8.9Co-representations12 6.8.10Cooperating applications12 7Architecture of PREMO12 7.1Introduction12 7.2The standards perspective12 7.3The functional perspective13 7.3.1Introduction13 7.3.2Description techniques13 7.3.3The object model13
13、7.3.4Components13 7.4The system perspective13 7.4.1Configuring PREMO-based applications13 7.4.2Distributed multimedia14 7.4.3Communication in PREMO14 8Object model14 8.1Introduction14 8.2Basic concepts14 8.3Non-object types15 8.4Object types15 8.5Object identity and object reference15 8.6Operations1
14、5 8.7Subtyping and inheritance16 8.7.1Overview16 8.7.2Subtyping16 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 21 08:49:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO/IEC 14478-1:1998 BSI 05-1999iii Page 8.7.3Inheritance17 8.7.4Operation dispatching18 8.8Abstract Types19 8.9Operation re
15、quest semantics19 8.10Protected operations20 8.11Object and object reference life cycles20 8.12Exceptions21 9How PREMO components are described21 Annex A (normative) Notational conventions23 A.1Type declarations23 A.2Data type definitions23 A.2.1Simple data type definitions23 A.2.2Constructed type d
16、efinitions24 A.3Object type definitions26 A.4Definition of finite state machines27 A.5Reference to operations and objects27 A.6Shorthands for operation specifications28 A.6.1State transition operations of finite state machines28 A.6.2Sequential composition of operations29 A.7Specification of compone
17、nts and profiles30 Annex B (normative) Generic types31 Annex C (informative) Graphical conventions33 C.1 Graphical conventions for generic types35 Figure 1 Type graph17 Figure 2 Example for operation dispatching18 Descriptors: data processing, information interchange, graphic data processing, image
18、processing, video data, audio data, coding (data conversion), coded representation. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 21 08:49:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO/IEC 14478-1:1998 iv BSI 05-1999 Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and
19、IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with
20、 particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, government and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have e
21、stablished a joint technical committee ISO/IEC JTC1. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committees are circulated to the national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. ISO/IEC 14
22、478-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC24, Computer graphics and image processing. ISO/IEC 14478 consists of the following parts under the general title Information technology Computer graphics and image processing Presentation Environmen
23、t for Multimedia Objects (PREMO): Part 1: Fundamentals of PREMO; Part 2: Foundation Component; Part 3: Multimedia Systems Services; Part 4: Modelling, Rendering, and Interaction Component. Additional parts may be defined as this work progresses. Annex A and Annex B form an integral part of this part
24、 of ISO/IEC 14478. Annex C is for information only. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 21 08:49:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO/IEC 14478-1:1998 BSI 05-19991 Introduction The need for a coordinated method for addressing all aspects of the construction of, presen
25、tation of, and interaction with multimedia objects has led to the standardization of this Presentation Environment for Multimedia Objects. Multimedia means objects consisting of still computer graphics, moving computer graphics (animation), synthetic graphics of all types, audio, still images, movin
26、g images (including video), images coming from imaging operations, and any other content type or combination of content types that can be “presented”. ISO/IEC 14478 is extensible and configurable, and allows the separate, incremental development of additional standardized and non-standardized compon
27、ents to meet the needs of application communities. PREMO currently consists of the following parts: Part 1: Fundamentals of PREMO Contains a motivational overview of PREMO giving its scope, justification, and an explanation of key concepts, describes the overall architecture of PREMO, and specifies
28、the common semantics for specifying the externally visible characteristics of PREMO objects in an implementation-independent way. Part 2: Foundation component This component lists an initial set of object types and non-object types useful for the construction of, presentation of, and interaction wit
29、h multimedia information. Any conforming PREMO implementation shall support these object types. Part 3: Multimedia Systems Services Component Describes objects that provide an infrastructure for building multimedia computing platforms that support interactive multimedia applications dealing with syn
30、chronized, time-based media in a heterogeneous distributed environment. Part 4: Modelling, Presentation, and Interaction Component Describes objects which are needed for advanced computer systems using graphics, video, audio, or other types of presentable media enhanced by time aspects. NOTEFurther
31、internationally standardized components are expected to be developed within ISO/IEC JTC1/SC24 and by other subcommittees. 1 Scope ISO/IEC 14478 specifies techniques for supporting interactive single, and multiple media applications which recognize and emphasize the interrelationships among user inte
32、rfaces, multimedia applications, and multimedia information interchange. ISO/IEC 14478 defines a flexible environment to encompass modular functionality and is extensible through the creation of future components, both within and outside of standards committees. It supports a wide range of multimedi
33、a applications in a consistent way, from simple drawings up to full motion video, sound, and virtual reality environments. ISO/IEC 14478 is independent of any particular implementation language, development environment, or execution environment.For integration into a programming environment, the sta
34、ndard shall be embedded in a system dependent interface following the particular conventions of that environment. ISO/IEC 14478 provides versatile packaging techniques beyond the capabilities of monolithic single-media systems. This allows rearranging and extending functionality to satisfy requireme
35、nts specific to particular application areas. ISO/IEC 14478 is developed incrementally with parts 1 through 4 initially available. Other components are expected to be standardized by ISO/IEC JTC1 SC24 or other subcommittees. ISO/IEC 14478 provides a framework within which application-defined ways of
36、 interacting with the environment can be integrated. Methods for the definition, presentation, and manipulation of both input and output objects are described. Application-supplied structuring of objects is also allowed and can, for example, be used as a basis for the development of toolkits for the
37、 creation of, presentation of, and interaction with multimedia and hyper-media documents and product model data. ISO/IEC 14478 is able to support construction, presentation, and interaction with multiple simultaneous inputs and outputs using multiple media. Several such activities may occur simultan
38、eously, and the application program can adapt its behaviour to make best use of the capabilities of its environment. ISO/IEC 14478 includes interfaces for external storage, retrieval and interchange of multimedia objects. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 21 08:49:44 GMT+00:00 2006
39、, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO/IEC 14478-1:1998 2 BSI 05-1999 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO/IEC 14478. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standard
40、s are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO/IEC 14478 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO/IEC
41、14478-2:1998, Information technology Computer graphics and image processing Presentation Environment for Multimedia Objects (PREMO) Part 2: Foundation Component. ISO/IEC 14478-3:1998, Information technology Computer graphics and image processing Presentation Environment for Multimedia Objects (PREMO
42、) Part 3: Multimedia Systems Services. ISO/IEC 14478-4:1998, Information technology Computer graphics and image processing Presentation Environment for Multimedia Objects (PREMO) Part 4: Modelling, Rendering, and Interaction Component. 3 Definitions For the purposes of ISO/IEC 14478, the following d
43、efinitions apply. 3.2.1 multimedia The creation, editing, composing, and/or presentation of products consisting of any combination of media. 3.2.1.1 multimedia object an object consisting of one or more types of media that can be presented to a user 3.2.2 medium (plural media) a means by which infor
44、mation is perceived, expressed, stored, or transmitted. Examples include audio, video, (animated) graphics, images, text 3.2.3 dynamic interactive graphics graphics applications where the graphics varies in real-time in response to user in-puts 3.2.4 animation series of pictures in a time-ordered se
45、quence to display as a video medium. This covers all changes that have a visual effect. It thus includes the time-varying position, shape, colour, transparency, structure, and texture of an object, and changes in lighting, camera position, orientation, and focus, and even changes of rendering techni
46、ques 3.2.5 text a medium encompassing a character-based encoding only 3.2.6 audio a medium encompassing all forms of information transmitted by sound 3.2.7 video a medium encompassing a continuous series of pictures typically depicting motion or time sequenced events 3.2.8 co-representation a repres
47、entation of information where the same information is presented in several different ways from which the most appropriate is chosen Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 21 08:49:44 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO/IEC 14478-1:1998 BSI 05-19993 3.2.9 component A PREMO
48、component is a set of related object types and non-object types. The object and non-object types of a component are clustered into (component) profiles. 3.2.9.1 standard component a component that is defined in one of the parts of ISO/IEC 14478, or a component that has been registered by an approved
49、 registration authority, and conforming to the rules defined for components in PREMO 3.2.9.2 non-standard component a component that is not a standard component, but which obeys the rules defined by PREMO for conforming components 3.2.10 profile A profile is set of related object types and non-object types from which objects can be instantiated, and a configuration specification which defines dependencies between object types and other profiles. Profiles offer a set of services embodied by the operations defined on its constituent o