《DEP 31.10.11.31-Gen.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《DEP 31.10.11.31-Gen.pdf（39页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION GASEOUS OXYGEN SYSTEMS DEP 31.10.11.31-Gen. March 1992 (DEP Circular 36/99 has been incorporated) DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE USED BY COMPANIES OF THE ROYAL DUTCH/SHELL GROUP This document is confidential. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed t
2、o any third party without the prior written consent of Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij B.V., The Hague, the Netherlands. The copyright of this document is vested in Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij B.V., The Hague, the Netherlands. All rights reserved. Neither the whole nor an
3、y part of this document may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic, recording or otherwise) without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. PREFACE DEP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications ref
4、lect the views, at the time of publication, of: Shell International Oil Products B.V. (SIOP) and Shell International Exploration and Production B.V. (SIEP) and Shell International Chemicals B.V. (SIC) The Hague, The Netherlands, and other Service Companies. They are based on the experience acquired
5、during their involvement with the design, construction, operation and maintenance of processing units and facilities, and they are supplemented with the experience of Group Operating companies. Where appropriate they are based on, or reference is made to, national and international standards and cod
6、es of practice. The objective is to set the recommended standard for good design and engineering practice applied by Group companies operating an oil refinery, gas handling installation, chemical plant, oil and gas production facility, or any other such facility, and thereby to achieve maximum techn
7、ical and economic benefit from standardization. The information set forth in these publications is provided to users for their consideration and decision to implement. This is of particular importance where DEPs may not cover every requirement or diversity of condition at each locality. The system o
8、f DEPs is expected to be sufficiently flexible to allow individual operating companies to adapt the information set forth in DEPs to their own environment and requirements. When Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use DEPs they shall be solely responsible for the quality of work and the attainmen
9、t of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those requirements not specifically covered, the Principal will expect them to follow those design and engineering practices which will achieve the same level of integrity as reflected in the DEPs. If in doubt, the Contractor or
10、Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detracting from his own responsibility, consult the Principal or its technical advisor. The right to use DEPs is granted by SIOP, SIEP or SIC, in most cases under Service Agreements primarily with companies of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group and other companies recei
11、ving technical advice and services from SIOP, SIEP or SIC. Consequently, three categories of users of DEPs can be distinguished: 1)Operating companies having a Service Agreement with SIOP, SIEP, SIC or other Service Company. The use of DEPs by these Operating companies is subject in all respects to
12、the terms and conditions of the relevant Service Agreement. 2)Other parties who are authorized to use DEPs subject to appropriate contractual arrangements. 3)Contractors/subcontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred to under 1) or 2) which requires that tenders for
13、projects, materials supplied or - generally - work performed on behalf of the said users comply with the relevant standards. Subject to any particular terms and conditions as may be set forth in specific agreements with users, SIOP, SIEP and SIC disclaim any liability of whatsoever nature for any da
14、mage (including injury or death) suffered by any company or person whomsoever as a result of or in connection with the use, application or implementation of any DEP, combination of DEPs or any part thereof. The benefit of this disclaimer shall inure in all respects to SIOP, SIEP, SIC and/or any comp
15、any affiliated to these companies that may issue DEPs or require the use of DEPs. Without prejudice to any specific terms in respect of confidentiality under relevant contractual arrangements, DEPs shall not, without the prior written consent of SIOP and SIEP, be disclosed by users to any company or
16、 person whomsoever and the DEPs shall be used exclusively for the purpose for which they have been provided to the user. They shall be returned after use, including any copies which shall only be made by users with the express prior written consent of SIOP and SIEP. The copyright of DEPs vests in SI
17、OP and SIEP. Users shall arrange for DEPs to be held in safe custody and SIOP or SIEP may at any time require information satisfactory to them in order to ascertain how users implement this requirement. All administrative queries should be directed to the DEP Administrator in SIOP. NOTE: In addition
18、 to DEP publications there are Standard Specifications and Draft DEPs for Development (DDDs). DDDs generally introduce new procedures or techniques that will probably need updating as further experience develops during their use. The above requirements for distribution and use of DEPs are also appli
19、cable to Standard Specifications and DDDs. Standard Specifications and DDDs will gradually be replaced by DEPs. DEP 31.10.11.31-Gen. March 1992 Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.INTRODUCTION.4 1.1SCOPE 4 1.2DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS4 1.3DEFINITIONS 4 1.4CROSS-REFERENCES5 2.GE
20、NERAL SAFETY PRINCIPLES.6 3.MATERIALS 7 3.1METALLIC MATERIALS7 3.2NON-METALLIC MATERIALS7 4.COMPONENT DESIGN8 4.1GENERAL 8 4.2VELOCITY AND SIZING.9 4.3PIPING AND FITTINGS10 4.4VALVES AND INSTRUMENTS.12 4.5FILTERS 14 4.6COMPRESSORS15 4.7OXYGEN MEASURING STATION16 5.ORDERING, MARKING, PACKAGING18 6.CL
21、EANING 19 6.1GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.19 6.2PRECLEANING.19 6.3POST ERECTION (IN-SITU) CLEANING.20 6.4TRANSPORT LINES.20 6.5INSPECTION FOR CLEANLINESS21 7.CONSTRUCTION22 7.1CLEANLINESS PRECAUTIONS.22 7.2WELDING 22 7.3INSPECTION AND TESTS.22 8.OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.23 8.1GENERAL 23 8.2OPERATION 23 8.3
22、MAINTENANCE.23 9.REFERENCES24 10.BIBLIOGRAPHY.26 FIGURES. 27 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS IN OXYGEN SERVICE37 APPENDIX 2EFFECTS OF OILY CONTAMINATION39 DEP 31.10.11.31-Gen. March 1992 Page 3 1.INTRODUCTION 1.1SCOPE This DEP gives minimum requirements for the design, con
23、struction, testing, operation and maintenance of gaseous oxygen systems. This DEP replaces an earlier DEP of the same number and title, dated June 1983. In the context of this specification, oxygen systems comprise vessels and heat exchangers, compressors, pipe, fittings, valves and instruments that
24、 come into contact with, and are used for the transport and utilisation of, gaseous oxygen (90% vol. oxygen and higher). The Principal shall specify whether a system handling gas mixtures containing less than 90% vol. oxygen is to be considered an oxygen system. For gas mixtures containing more than
25、 21% vol. oxygen, and for air at pressures above 50 bar (ga), avoidance of oil and cleanliness inspection according to (6) is necessary. 1.2DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS Unless otherwise authorised by SIPM, the distribution of this document is confined to companies forming
26、 part of or managed by the Royal Dutch/Shell Group, and to Contractors nominated by them (i.e. the distribution code is “C“, as defined in DEP 00.00.05.05-Gen.). This DEP is intended for use in oil refineries, gas handling installations, chemical plants, supply/marketing installations and, where app
27、licable, in exploration and production facilities. If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements may be more stringent than in this DEP, the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the requirements are the more stringent and which combination of require
28、ments will be acceptable as regards safety, economic and legal aspects. In all cases the Contractor shall inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of this document which is considered to be necessary in order to comply with national and/or local regulations. The Principal may then
29、 negotiate with the Authorities concerned with the object of obtaining agreement to follow this document as closely as possible. 1.3DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this DEP, the following definitions shall hold: 1.3.1General definitions The Contractor is the party which carries out all or part of the
30、 design, engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a project or operation of a facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor. The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party which manufactures or supplies equipment and services to perform the d
31、uties specified by the Contractor. The Principal is the party which initiates the project and ultimately pays for its design and construction. The Principal will generally specify the technical requirements. The Principal may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf o
32、f, the Principal. The word Shall indicates a requirement. The word Should indicates a recommendation. 1.3.2Specific definitions Dry means gaseous oxygen in which the dew point at the maximum operating pressure is less than 10 C below the minimum operating temperature. Fire safe valves are valves con
33、structed according to the fire safe requirements of BS 6755 Part 2, API 6FA or API 607. Flammable fluids are fluids having a flash point below 37.8 C and a maximum vapour DEP 31.10.11.31-Gen. March 1992 Page 4 pressure of 276 kPa (abs) at 37.8 C. NOTE:This refers to flammability in air. Monel means
34、grade UNS N04400 (“Monel 400“). Acceptable alternative materials are given in (3.1). Where specific grades are required, they are specified. Oxygen means any gas mixture containing 90% volume or more oxygen. Stainless steel means austenitic stainless steel, e.g. alloys in the AISI 300 series. 1.4CRO
35、SS-REFERENCES Where cross-references to other parts of this DEP are made, the referenced section number is shown in brackets. Other documents referenced by this DEP are listed in (9). Further information regarding oxygen systems and related subjects may, if required, be found in the publications lis
36、ted in (10). DEP 31.10.11.31-Gen. March 1992 Page 5 2.GENERAL SAFETY PRINCIPLES Once ignited, many materials (including most metals) will burn violently in an oxygen atmosphere. Because of the risks associated with the ignition of oxygen handling systems, the goal of high system integrity cannot be
37、jeopardised. In some cases, hazard analyses may be necessary. Ignition may occur upon supply of energy in any form, but the likelihood of ignition will vary for each particular case. Valves, fittings, heat exchangers and compressors are, for instance, locations with higher ignition risks than long s
38、traight lines and the shells of vessels. It is important for heat energy to be able to dissipate before the ignition temperature is reached, and therefore the use of materials with a high thermal conductivity is preferred. Ignition of materials in oxygen can be minimised by adhering to a number of b
39、asic rules: 1.Use materials which have a sufficiently high ignition temperature and possibly also a low heat of combustion and high thermal conductivity and which have proved to be suitable for oxygen service, see (3). 2.Remove all contaminants which may react easily, such as oil, grease and organic
40、 materials, see (6) and (7). 3.Avoid all sources of energy which could initiate a fire, e.g. high velocities, turbulence, uncontrolled elevation of temperature by adiabatic compression or gas vibration, see (4). 4.Avoid presence of dust or particulate matter which, due to friction and/or impact, may
41、 react with the oxygen and/or eventuallymay ignite the material of construction. 5.Safeguard personnel and equipment against flames by applying fire shields where necessary and/or remote operation of valves and machinery. 6.Use experienced personnel in precommissioning, operation and maintenance of
42、oxygen systems. These aspects have been elaborated in the following sections. DEP 31.10.11.31-Gen. March 1992 Page 6 3.MATERIALS 3.1METALLIC MATERIALS Dry gaseous oxygen is normally handled in carbon steel or austenitic stainless steel, subject to the velocity limitations given in (4). Higher veloci
43、ties, higher pressures and higher temperatures generally require the use of nickel-base (or copper-base) alloys. Specific metallic materials for oxygen system components shall be selected in accordance with the guidelines given in (4.2 to 4.7). In Appendix 1, properties and behaviour of materials ar
44、e described. Throughout this document Monel is specified when service conditions lie outside the critical conditions for stainless steel and carbon steel described in (4.2 to 4.7). Nickel 200, Inconel alloys and Hastelloy alloys are acceptable alternatives. Copper and copper-base alloys may also be
45、used in place of monel, except that aluminium bearing copper alloys are only permitted with a maximum aluminium content of 2.5%. Carbon steel shall only be used in dry oxygen systems, it shall not be specified for services where internal rusting can occur, such as wet oxygen service or vent lines. I
46、n these cases, selection of stainless steel or an alloy from one of the higher alloy classes, consistent with oxygen temperature and pressure level, is required. For oxygen piping systems operating at temperatures below -20 C, the materials shall be selected to avoid the risk of brittle fracture. Ca
47、rbon steel systems in oxygen service that may operate below this temperature shall be constructed from fully deoxidised, fine grained steel, e.g. ASTM A333 grade 6. 3.2NON-METALLIC MATERIALS The selection of all non-metallic components shall be in accordance with the limitations of the list produced
48、 by the Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und Prufung (BAM). Organic materials have lower ignition temperatures than metallic materials. Once ignited, they may promote ignition in adjacent metal components. The volume of organic materials should be minimised and they should be surrounded by metal
49、to maximise heat dissipation. Fluorinated or chlorofluorinated resins and elastomers shall be used. They can be reinforced with oxides, glass ceramic, metals and alloys to improve their mechanical properties; however, such reinforcement shall not adversely affect the resistance to ignition. Other non-metallic materials such as asbestos compounds may also be used. Their ignition temperature in oxygen, however, varies with the method of manufacture and any additives used. They should therefore be used only if previous tests have proved them safe to use. DEP 31.10.11.31-Gen. March 1992 Pa