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1、 Dansk standard DS/EN 1993-3-1 1. udgave 2007-01-08 Eurocode 3 Stlkonstruktioner Del 3-1: Trne, master og skorstene Trne og master Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures Part 3-1: Towers, masts and chimneys Towers and masts DS-publikationstyper Dansk Standard udgiver forskellige publikationstyper. Ty
2、pen p denne publikation fremgr af forsiden. Der kan vre tale om: Dansk standard standard, der er udarbejdet p nationalt niveau, eller som er baseret p et andet lands nationale standard, eller standard, der er udarbejdet p internationalt og/eller europisk niveau, og som har fet status som dansk stand
3、ard DS-information publikation, der er udarbejdet p nationalt niveau, og som ikke har opnet status som standard, eller publikation, der er udarbejdet p internationalt og/eller europisk niveau, og som ikke har fet status som standard, fx en teknisk rapport, eller europisk prstandard DS-hndbog samling
4、 af standarder, eventuelt suppleret med informativt materiale DS-hfte publikation med informativt materiale Til disse publikationstyper kan endvidere udgives tillg og rettelsesblade DS-publikationsform Publikationstyperne udgives i forskellig form som henholdsvis fuldtekstpublikation (publikationen
5、er trykt i sin helhed) godkendelsesblad (publikationen leveres i kopi med et trykt DS-omslag) elektronisk (publikationen leveres p et elektronisk medie) DS-betegnelse Alle DS-publikationers betegnelse begynder med DS efterfulgt af et eller flere prfikser og et nr., fx DS 383, DS/EN 5414 osv. Hvis de
6、r efter nr. er angivet et A eller Cor, betyder det, enten at det er et tillg eller et rettelsesblad til hovedstandarden, eller at det er indfrt i hovedstandarden. DS-betegnelse angives p forsiden. Overensstemmelse med anden publikation: Overensstemmelse kan enten vre IDT, EQV, NEQ eller MOD IDT: Nr
7、publikationen er identisk med en given publikation. EQV: Nr publikationen teknisk er i overensstemmelse med en given publikation, men prsentationen er ndret. NEQ: Nr publikationen teknisk eller prsentationsmssigt ikke er i overensstemmelse med en given standard, men udarbejdet p baggrund af denne. M
8、OD: Nr publikationen er modificeret i forhold til en given publikation. DS/EN 1993-3-1 Kbenhavn DS projekt: M215109 ICS: 91.090 Frste del af denne publikations betegnelse er: DS/EN, hvilket betyder, at det er en europisk standard, der har status som dansk standard. Denne publikations overensstemmels
9、e er: IDT med: EN 1993-3-1:2006. DS-publikationen er p engelsk. Denne publikation erstatter: DS/ENV 1993-3-1:1999. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1993-3-1 October 2006 ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.10Supersedes ENV 1993-3-1:1997 English Version Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures -
10、 Part 3-1: Towers, masts and chimneys - Towers and masts Eurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 3-1: Tours, mts et chemines - Pylnes et mts haubanns Eurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten - Teil 3-1: Trme, Maste und Schornsteine - Trme und Maste This European Standard
11、was approved by CEN on 9 January 2006. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such
12、national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language an
13、d notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, N
14、etherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CENAll rights of exploita
15、tion in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1993-3-1:2006: E EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E) 2 Contents 1 General.9 1.1 Scope9 1.2 Normative references.9 1.3 Assumptions.10 1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules.10 1.5 Terms and definitions.10 1.
16、6 Symbols11 1.7 Convention for cross section axes12 2 Basis of design13 2.1 Requirements13 2.2 Principles of limit state design.14 2.3 Actions and environmental influences.14 2.4 Ultimate limit state verifications15 2.5 Design assisted by testing 15 2.6 Durability.15 3 Materials16 3.1 Structural ste
17、el16 3.2 Connections16 3.3 Guys and fittings16 4 Durability.16 4.1 Allowance for corrosion.16 4.2 Guys.16 5 Structural analysis.17 5.1 Modelling for determining action effects.17 5.2 Modelling of connections.17 6 Ultimate limit states 18 6.1 General.18 6.2 Resistance of cross sections.18 6.3 Resista
18、nce of members.18 6.4 Connections20 6.5 Special connections for masts21 7 Serviceability limit states23 7.1 Basis.23 7.2 Deflections and rotations23 7.3 Vibrations.23 8 Design assisted by testing24 9 Fatigue24 9.1 General.24 9.2 Fatigue loading.24 9.3 Fatigue resistance.25 9.4 Safety assessment.25 9
19、.5 Partial factors for fatigue25 9.6 Fatigue of guys.25 Annex A normative Reliability differentiation and partial factors for actions.26 A.1 Reliability differentiation for masts and towers.26 EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E) 3 A.2 Partial factors for actions26 Annex B informative Modelling of meteorological ac
20、tions.27 B.1 General.27 B.2 Wind force28 B.3 Response of lattice towers40 B.4 Response of guyed masts.45 Annex C informative Ice loading and combinations of ice with wind53 C.1 General.53 C.2 Ice loading53 C.3 Ice weight.54 C.4 Wind and ice 54 C.5 Asymmetric ice load 54 C.6 Combinations of ice and w
21、ind55 Annex D normative Guys, dampers, insulators, ancillaries and other items 56 D.1 Guys.56 D.2 Dampers.56 D.3 Insulators57 D.4 Ancillaries and other items.57 Annex E informative Guy rupture59 E.1 Introduction59 E.2 Simplified analytical model .59 E.3 Conservative procedure60 E.4 Analysis after a
22、guy rupture.61 Annex F informative Execution.62 F.1 General.62 F.2 Bolted connections.62 F.3 Welded connections.62 F.4 Tolerances62 F.5 Prestretching of guys63 Annex G informative Buckling of components of masts and towers64 G.1 Buckling resistance of compression members.64 G.2 Effective slenderness
23、 factor k 64 Annex H informative Buckling length and slenderness of members .70 H.1 General.70 H.2 Leg members70 H.3 Bracing members .71 H.4 Secondary bracing members78 H.5 Shell structures.79 -,-,- EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E) 4 Foreword This European Standard EN 1993-3-1, Eurocode 3: Design of steel struc
24、tures: Part 3.1: Towers, masts and chimneys Towers and masts, has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 Structural Eurocodes , the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes. This European Standard shall be given the status of a National Stand
25、ard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2007 and conflicting National Standards shall be withdrawn at latest by March 2010. This Eurocode supersedes ENV 1993-3-1. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the National Standard Organizations
26、of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sl
27、ovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Background of the Eurocode programme In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of technica
28、l obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications. Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national rules
29、in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them. For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980s. I
30、n 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement1 between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to the CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European S
31、tandard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Councils Directives and/or Commissions Decisions dealing with European standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products CPD and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public wor
32、ks and services and equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting up the internal market). The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards generally consisting of a number of Parts: EN 1990 Eurocode 0: Basis of structural design EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structu
33、res EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical
34、 design 1 Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) concerning the work on EUROCODES for the design of building and civil engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89). -,-,- EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E) 5 EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures fo
35、r earthquake resistance EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures Eurocode standards recognise the responsibility of regulatory authorities in each Member State and have safeguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level where these continue t
36、o vary from State to State. Status and field of application of Eurocodes The Member States of the EU and EFTA recognise that Eurocodes serve as reference documents for the following purposes : as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works with the essential requirements of C
37、ouncil Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential Requirement N1 - Mechanical resistance and stability - and Essential Requirement N2 - Safety in case of fire; as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services; as a framework for drawing up harmonised tech
38、nical specifications for construction products (ENs and ETAs) The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction works themselves, have a direct relationship with the Interpretative Documents2 referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, although they are of a different nature from harmonised product s
39、tandard3. Therefore, technical aspects arising from the Eurocodes work need to be adequately considered by CEN Technical Committees and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product standards with a view to achieving a full compatibility of these technical specifications with the Eurocodes. The Eurocode
40、 standards provide common structural design rules for everyday use for the design of whole structures and component products of both a traditional and an innovative nature. Unusual forms of construction or design conditions are not specifically covered and additional expert consideration will be req
41、uired by the designer in such cases. National Standards implementing Eurocodes The National Standards implementing Eurocodes will comprise the full text of the Eurocode (including any annexes), as published by CEN, which may be preceded by a National title page and National foreword, and may be foll
42、owed by a National annex (informative). The National Annex (informative) may only contain information on those parameters which are left open in the Eurocode for national choice, known as Nationally Determined Parameters, to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be const
43、ructed in the country concerned, i.e. : values for partial factors and/or classes where alternatives are given in the Eurocode, values to be used where a symbol only is given in the Eurocode, geographical and climatic data specific to the Member State, e.g. snow map, the procedure to be used where a
44、lternative procedures are given in the Eurocode, references to non-contradictory complementary information to assist the user to apply the Eurocode. 2 According to Art. 3.3 of the CPD, the essential requirements (ERs) should be given concrete form in interpretative documents for the creation of the
45、necessary links between the essential requirements and the mandates for hENs and ETAGs/ETAs. 3 According to Art. 12 of the CPD the interpretative documents should : a) give concrete form to the essential requirements by harmonising the terminology and the technical bases and indicating classes or le
46、vels for each requirement where necessary ; b) indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement with the technical specifications, e.g. methods of calculation and of proof, technical rules for project design, etc. ; c) serve as a reference for the establishment of harmonised st
47、andards and guidelines for European technical approvals. The Eurocodes, de facto, play a similar role in the field of the ER 1 and a part of ER 2. -,-,- EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E) 6 Links between Eurocodes and product harmonized technical specifications (ENs and ETAs) There is a need for consistency betwe
48、en the harmonised technical specifications for construction products and the technical rules for works4. Furthermore, all the information accompanying the CE Marking of the construction products which refer to Eurocodes should clearly mention which Nationally Determined Parameters have been taken in
49、to account. Additional information specific to EN 1993-3-1 and EN 1993-3-2 EN 1993-3 is the third part of six parts of EN 1993 - Design of Steel Structures - and describes the principles and application rules for the safety and serviceability and durability of steel structures for towers and masts a