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1、IEEE/EIA 12207.2-1997 (A Joint Guide Developed by IEEE and EIA) IEEE/EIA Guide Industry Implementation of International Standard ISO/IEC 12207 : 1995 (ISO/IEC 12207) Standard for Information Technology Software life cycle processes Implementation considerations April 1998 THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL
2、 AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, INC. ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:41:56 MDTNo reproduction
3、 or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE/EIA 12207.2-1997 (A Joint Guide Developed by IEEE and EIA) IEEE/EIA Guide Industry Implementation of International Standard ISO/IEC 12207: 1995 (ISO/IEC 12207) Standard for Information Technology Software life cycle processes Implementatio
4、n considerations April 1998 Abstract: ISO/IEC 12207 provides a common framework for developing and managing software. IEEE/EIA 12207.0 consists of the clarifications, additions, and changes accepted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the Electronic Industries Associa
5、tion (EIA) as formulated by a joint project of the two organizations. IEEE/EIA 12207.2 provides implementation consideration guidance for the normative clauses of IEEE/EIA 12207.0. The guidance is based on software industry experience with the life cycle processes presented in IEEE/EIA 12207.0. Keyw
6、ords: acquisition process, audit, configuration management, development process, maintenance process, operation process, quality assurance, supply process, tailoring process, validation, verification The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017
7、-2394, USA ISBN 1-55937-991-X Copyright 1998 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 1998. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without
8、 the prior written permission of the publisher. April 1998SH94597 Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:41:56 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted
9、 without license from IHS -,-,- Print: ISBN 1-55937-991-X, SH94597 PDF: ISBN 0-7381-0430-2, SS94597 IEEE/EIA 12207.2-1997 IEEE ii NOTICE IEEE and EIA Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facil
10、itating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Use of such Standards and Publications is wholly voluntary. Existence of such standards and Publications shall not in any resp
11、ect preclude any member or nonmember of IEEE and EIA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards and Publications, nor shall the existence of such Standards and Publications preclude their voluntary use by those other than IEEE and EIA members, whether the standard is to
12、be used either domestically or internationally. Standards and publications are approved by IEEE and EIA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, IEEE and EIA do not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor do they assume any obligation w
13、hatever to parties adopting the Standard or Publication. Note: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of an
14、y patent rights in connection therewith. IEEE and EIA shall not be responsible for identifying all patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE and EIA standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to their attention. Authorization
15、to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., provided that the appropriate fee is paid to Copyright Clearance Center. To arrange for payment of licensing fee, please contact Copyright Clearanc
16、e Center, Customer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; (508) 750-8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer
17、s, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:41:56 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEEIEEE/EIA 12207.2-1997 iii Contents Foreword . v Introduction . vi 1.Scope 1 2.Normative refe
18、rences 1 3.Definitions 1 4.Application 2 5.Primary life cycle processes. 3 5.1 Acquisition process . 5 5.2 Supply process 13 5.3 Development process . 20 5.4 Operation process . 35 5.5 Maintenance process 38 6.Supporting processes . 43 6.1 Documentation process . 44 6.2 Configuration management proc
19、ess 46 6.3 Quality assurance process 48 6.4 Verification process . 51 6.5 Validation process . 54 6.6 Joint review process 56 6.7 Audit process58 6.8 Problem resolution process . 59 7.Organizational life cycle processes 60 7.1 Management process 61 7.2 Infrastructure process 63 7.3 Improvement proce
20、ss 64 7.4 Training process 65 Annexes AIEEE/EIA 12207.0 Annex ATailoring process 66 BIEEE/EIA 12207.0 Annex FCompliance . 68 CIEEE/EIA 12207.0 Annex GLife cycle processes objectives . 71 DIEEE/EIA 12207.0 Annex HLife cycle data objectives. 77 EIEEE/EIA 12207.0 Annex JErrata . 79 FUse of reusable sof
21、tware products 81 GCandidate joint management reviews . 82 HSoftware measurement categories. 84 IGuidance on development strategies and build planning 86 Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9
22、972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:41:56 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE/EIA 12207.2-1997 IEEE iv JCategory and priority classifications for problem reporting 94 KSoftware product evaluations. 95 LRisk management . 97 MLife cycle processes referenc
23、es. 99 Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:41:56 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEEIEEE/EIA 12207.2-1997 v
24、 Foreword 1. IEEE/EIA 12207.2 provides guidance in implementing the process requirements of IEEE/EIA 12207.0. The guidance is intended to summarize the best practices of the software industry in the context of the process structure provided by ISO/IEC 12207. 2. While this standard is appropriate for
25、 use within the U.S. and globally, it must be understood that some of its provisions are specific to the U.S.; their applicability to international trade situations should be carefully considered. 3. IEEE/EIA 12207.2 is intended for use as a guide to the application of IEEE/EIA 12207.0. To facilitat
26、e use, the normative text of IEEE/EIA 12207.0 is included in the guide and enclosed in boxes. The clauses in the boxes are continuous until reaching a clause with guidance. The box is then followed by the appropriate guidance material for the last clause in the box. 4. There are several clauses in s
27、ection 5 of IEEE/EIA 12207.0 that use the verb “can.” “Can” does not equate to “shall” (a binding provision), “will” (a declaration), “should” (a recommendation), or “may” (a permissible action). As in ISO/IEC 12207, the verbal form “can” is used for statements of possibility and capability, whether
28、 material, physical, or causal. “Can” is used in the following clauses: 5.3.6.1, 5.4.4.3, 6.2.3.1, 6.4.2.4 c, 6.4.2.5 c, 6.5.2.3 c, F.2 c of annex B, G.14 and G.15 of annex C, and H.3 of annex D. 5. The preambles for clauses 5, 6, and 7 are informative only. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and
29、 Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:41:56 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE/EIA 12207.2-1997 IEEE vi Introduction (This introduction is not a part
30、 of IEEE/EIA 12207.2-1997, Guide for ISO/IEC 12207, Standard for information technology Software life cycle processesImplementation considerations.) At the time this guide was completed, the Joint Industrial Standards Working Group had the following membership: Leonard L. Tripp, IEEE Co-chairPerry D
31、eWeese, EIA Co-chair Executive Committee Members Dennis Ahern Richard Evans Lewis Gray Robert Hegland Dorothy Kuckuck David Maibor James Moore George Newberry Adrienne Scott Raghu Singh Norma A. Stopyra Joint Industrial Standards Working Group Members Chuck Baker Barbara Bankeroff Johnny Barrett Ron
32、 Berlack Barry Boehm John Bolland John Bowers Max Brown Don Calvert Quyen Cao Bruce Capehart Dennis Carter Myra M. Chern John P. Chihorek Jack Cooper Raymond Coyle Paul Croll Chris Denham Robert Didrikson Jim Dobbins Merlin Dorfman Cheryl Dorsey Bernadette Downward Peter Eirich Bob Elston Dennis Fau
33、lkner Marv Gechman William Gess, Jr. Marilyn Ginsberg-Finner John Halase John Hamlin Rick Hefner James H. Heil Mark Henley Doug Hewett John Hoover Helmut Hummel Allan Jaworski Larry Klos Robert Knickerbocker Richard Kreke Jerome Lake Doug Lange Amy Laughlin Milton Lavin Jonathan Liles Joan Lovelace
34、Marv Lubofsky Ed Martin Zyggy Martynowkcz Richard McClellen Judy McCloskey Sandy McGill Fred Mintz Aretha Moore Jackie Morman Gary Motchan Bart Nigro George Nowinski Al Olsen Myrna L. Olson Sherry Paquin Alex Polack Ken Ptack Ralph Randall Paul Reindollar Walter Richter Bill Schunk Keith Shewbridge
35、Carl A. Singer Terry Snyder Reed Sorensen Don Sova John Stolzenthaler Richard F. Storch Duane Stratton Robert Tausworthe Booker T. Thomas Frederick Tilsworth Ann Turner Howard Verne Ronald L. Wade David Waxman Charles Wilson Grady Wright Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer
36、s, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:41:56 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEEIEEE/EIA 12207.2-1997 vii The following persons were on the IEEE balloting committee: Mikhai
37、l Auguston H. Ronald Berlack William J. Boll Juris Borzovs Alan L. Bridges Kathleen L. Briggs M. Scott Buck David W. Burnett Leslie Chambers Keith Chan Antonio M. Cicu Theo Clarke Franois Coallier Virgil Lee Cooper W. W. Geoff Cozens Bostjan K. Derganc Audrey Dorofee Carl Einar Dragstedt Leo Egan Ri
38、chard L. Evans William Eventoff Jonathan H. Fairclough John W. Fendrich Julian Forster Kirby Fortenberry Eva Freund Adel N. Ghannam Marilyn Ginsberg-Finner John Garth Glynn Julio Gonzalez-Sanz L. M. Gunther Jon D. Hagar John Harauz Robert T. Harley Herbert Hecht William Hefley Manfred Hein Mark Hein
39、rich Mark Henley Umesh P. Hiriyannaiah John W. Horch Jerry Huller Peter L. Hung Fabrizio Imelio George Jackelen Frank V. Jorgensen Vladan V. Jovanovic Judith S. Kerner Robert J. Kierzyk Dwayne L. Knirk Thomas M. Kurihara John B. Lane J. Dennis Lawrence Randal Leavitt Michael Lines Dieter Look John L
40、ord David Maibor John R. Matras Tomoo Matsubara Patrick McCray Sue McGrath Jerome W. Mersky Alan Miller James W. Moore Pavol Navrat Myrna L. Olson Mike Ottewill Gerald L. Ourada Lalit M. Patnaik Mark Paulk John G. Phippen Peter T. Poon Lawrence S. Przybylski Ann Reedy Annette D. Reilly Dennis Rillin
41、g Andrew P. Sage Helmut Sandmayr Hans Schaefer Robert W. Shillato Katsutoshi Shintani Carl A. Singer Raghu P. Singh Alfred R. Sorkowitz Donald W. Sova Luca Spotorno Julia Stesney Norma Stopyra Fred J. Strauss John Swearingen Toru Takeshita Douglas H. Thiele Booker Thomas Patricia Trellue Theodore J.
42、 Urbanowicz Glenn D. Venables Charles J. Wertz Scott A. Whitmire P. A. Wolfgang Paul R. Work Weider D. Yu Janusz Zalewski Zhi Ying Zhou Geraldine Zimmerman Peter F. Zoll When the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on 9 December 1997, it had the following membership: Donald C. Loughry, Chair
43、Richard J. Holleman, Vice Chair Andrew G. Salem, Secretary Clyde R. Camp Stephen L. Diamond Harold E. Epstein Donald C. Fleckenstein Jay Forster* Thomas F. Garrity Donald N. Heirman Jim Isaak Ben C. Johnson *Member Emeritus Lowell Johnson Robert Kennelly E. G. “Al” Kiener Joseph L. Koepfinger* Steph
44、en R. Lambert Lawrence V. McCall L. Bruce McClung Marco W. Migliaro Louis-Franois Pau Gerald H. Peterson John W. Pope Jose R. Ramos Ronald H. Reimer Ingo Rsch John S. Ryan Chee Kiow Tan Howard L. Wolfman Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal Alan
45、 H. Cookson Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:41:56 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE/EIA 12207.2-1997
46、IEEE viii Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:41:56 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEEIEEE/EIA 12207.2-199
47、7 1 Information technologySoftware life cycle processesImplementation considerations 1 Scope This guide provides implementation consideration guidance for the normative clauses of IEEE/EIA 12207.0. The guidance is based on software industry experience with the life cycle processes presented in IEEE/
48、EIA 12207.0. 1.1 Limitations In this guide the use of “organizational process” denotes all of the processes as adapted by an organization, whereas the use of “organizational life cycle process” refers to the process(es) in clause 7. A thorough understanding of the organizational life cycle processes in clause 7 will help the user of IEEE/EIA 12207.0 understand what should be in place prior to performing the acquisition, supply, development, maintenance,