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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5350-A1: 1976 Adherend preparation Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Methods of test for Adhesives Part A1: Adherend preparation UDC 665.93:620.1 + 665.93:620.115:621.792.02 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 15:57:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS
2、5350-A1:1976 BSI 04-1999 ISBN 0 580 09073 6 Foreword The performance of the test specimen can be influenced by the prior preparation of the surfaces, as the bond strength between the layer of adhesive and the surface of the adherend depends on the adhesive being in good physical contact with the adh
3、erend. The surface of the adherend should therefore be free from dirt, dust, grease, moisture, corrosion products and other contaminants. Uniformity of surface should also be ensured. Where priming is needed to seal the surface, or to react with it, for the purpose of this British Standard it is con
4、sidered to be part of the adhesive system and reference should be made to the specific instructions of adhesive manufacturers. The procedures listed have been selected on the basis of giving good reproducibility. To simplify reference to preparation processes, these have been given an identification
5、 code. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document com
6、prises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 7 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd.
7、No.DateComments 6556January 1991Indicated by a sideline in the margin Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 15:57:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5350-A1:1976 BSI 04-1999i Contents Page ForewordInside front cover 1Scope1 2References1 3General principles1 4Reagents a
8、nd solvents1 5Procedure1 Table 1 General-purpose cleaning and pretreatment sequence for common adherend materials3 Table 2 Treatment for higher standard of performance: squence of operations6 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 15:57:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI i
9、i blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 15:57:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5350-A1:1976 BSI 04-19991 1 Scope This Part gives information on procedures for surface preparation for test specimens of common adherends where the requirements are for a) general p
10、urposes; b) a higher standard of performance than for the general purposes covered by a). 2 References This Part makes reference to the following standards publications: BS 871, Abrasive papers and cloths for general purposes. BS 1204, Synthetic resin adhesives (phenolic and aminoplastic) for wood.
11、BS 2451, Chilled iron shot and grit. BS 3978, Water for laboratory use. CP 3012, Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces. 3 General principles 3.1 General treatment 3.1.1 Preliminary cleaning. Gross contamination of the adherend surfaces, such as by dirt, paint, scale, grease etc., shall be remov
12、ed by one or more of the following processes: a) degreasing with organic solvents by solvent wipe or vapour bath; b) degreasing with hot or cold buffered alkali solutions; c) mechanical processes including grit blasting, abrading with glass paper or emery cloth and use of a wire brush. After this tr
13、eatment, all dust shall be carefully removed. 3.2 Treatment for a higher standard of performance 3.2.1 Grit blasting. This gives a uniform clean surface. 3.2.2 Chemical processes. These are active chemical treatments to increase the free-energy level of the surface. They are normally applied to surf
14、aces that have been subjected to a preliminary cleaning, as described in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 Examples of these treatments are acid and caustic etching solutions, anodizing and the production of other chemical films. 4 Reagents and solvents The chemicals used shall be of laboratory reagent quality or equ
15、ivalent, and water complying with BS 3978 shall be used throughout. 5 Procedure 5.1 Preliminary cleaning processes. For general purposes, the test pieces shall be prepared, prior to assembly, by whichever of the preliminary cleaning processes listed in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 are appropriate; the appropriat
16、e cleaning and pretreatment sequences for common adherend materials are indicated in Table 1. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 15:57:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5350-A1:1976 2 BSI 04-1999 5.2.1 Chemical treatments5.2.2 Mechanical treatments Processes E(i) a
17、nd E(ii) as in 5.1.2 are suitable. 5.3 Cleaning and pretreatment sequences. Table 1 gives a list of common adherend materials with the appropriate general-purpose cleaning and pretreatment procedure. Table 2 gives a list of adherend materials with corresponding treatments that provide a higher stand
18、ard of adhesion performance. 5.4 Prevention of contamination. Whenever possible, the bonding reaction should be carried out immediately after the cleaning and pretreatment procedures in order to avoid contamination or other changes in the surface layer. If such action is not feasible, it is necessar
19、y to ascertain that any delay does not affect the final test results. SolutionConstituents% m/m HSulphuric acid (98.0 % m/m)27.6 Chromium trioxide (Cr03)b Water (See method O of CP 3012) 5.0 to 100 JHydrochloric acid (36.0 % m/m) Water 50 50 KSodium dichromate1.7 Sulphuric acid (98.0 % m/m)96.6 Wate
20、r1.7 LSodium dichromate4.4 Sulphuric acid (98 % m/m)88.6 Water7.0 MPotassium dichromate1.5 Sulphuric acid (98 % m/m)82.0 Water16.5 NOrthophosphoric acid (88 % m/m) 52 Industrial methylated spirit48 OHydrochloric acid (36 % m/m)43 Hydrogen peroxide 300 g/l (100 vol)16 Formalin (40 % m/m)9 Water33 PSo
21、dium hydroxide30 Water70 QEtching solutions based on metallic sodium are available from specialist firms RSodium hydroxide18 Sodium chlorite8 Trisodium orthophosphate0.4 Waterto 100 SSodium hydroxide2.0 Hydrogen peroxide2.5 300 g/l (100 vol) Water95.5 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon
22、Dec 04 15:57:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5350-A1:1976 BSI 04-19993 Table 1 General-purpose cleaning and pretreatment sequence for common adherend materials The indicators a) to m) refer to notes given at the end of the table. w Applicable degreasing treatmentx Applicable abrasui
23、on treatment Adherend c)Degreasing a)Abrasion a) b)Degreasing after abrasion a) AB(i) B(ii)B(iii)B(iv)B(v)CDE(i)E(ii)F(i)F(ii)F(iii)F(iv)GAB(i)B(ii)B(iii)B(iv)B(v)CD Aluminium and alloyswwwwwwwwxxwwwwwwww Asbestos boards (see Table 2 and associated warning) Brasswwwwwwwwxxwwwwwwww Bricks and non-gla
24、zed fired materials x Butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR) wxxw Butyl rubberwxxw Cadmiumwwwwwwwwxwwwwwwww Carbon and graphitexx Cast ironwwwwwwwwxxwwwwwwww Cellular and expanded plastics or rubbers d) Cellulose acetate (CA)wx Cellulose nitratewxw Cellulose, regeneratedwxw Ceramics, unglazedwwxx Ceramics,
25、glazed e)ww Chromiumwwwwwwwwxxwwwwwwww Chlorosulphonated polyethylene wxx Concretexx Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 15:57:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5350-A1:1976 4 BSI 04-1999 Table 1 General-purpose cleaning and pretreatment sequence for common adherend
26、 materials The indicators a) to m) refer to notes given at the end of the table. w Applicable degreasing treatmentx Applicable abrasuion treatment Adherend c)Degreasing a)Abrasion a) b)Degreasing after abrasion a) AB(i)B(ii)B(iii)B(iv)B(v)CDE(i)E(ii)F(i)F(ii)F(iii)F(iv)GAB(i)B(ii)B(iii)B(iv)B(v)CD C
27、opperwwwwwwwwxxwwwwwwww Glasswwwwwww Glass fibre reinforced laminates wxxx Leadwwwwwwwwxwwwwwwww Leatherxx Melamine formaldehyde mouldings and laminates xxw Natural rubberwxxw Nickelwwwwwwwwxxwwwwwwww Nitrile rubberwxxw Nylonxxxxw Phenol formaldehyde mouldings and laminates xxw Plasterx Polyacetalsw
28、xxw Polycarbonatewxxw Polychloroprene rubberwxxxw Polyester crosslinking resins wxx Polyethylene (PE) f)wxw Polyethylene terephthalate film w Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 15:57:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5350-A1:1976 BSI 04-19995 Table 1 General-purpos
29、e cleaning and pretreatment sequence for common adherend materials The indicators a) to m) refer to notes given at the end of the table. w Applicable degreasing treatmentx Applicable abrasuion treatment Adherend c)Degreasing a)Abrasion a) b)Degreasing after abrasion a) AB(i)B(ii)B(iii)B(iv)B(v)CDE(i
30、)E(ii)F(i)F(ii)F(iii)F(iv)GAB(i)B(ii)B(iii)B(iv)B(v)CD Polymethyl methacrylate g) wxw Polypropylene (PP)wxw Polystyrene (PS)wxxw Polysulphide rubberwxxw Polyurethane rubberwxxw Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) rigid or plasticized h) j) wwxxww Silicone rubber i)wxxw Silver k)wwwwwwww Steel, mildwwwwwwwwxxww
31、wwwwww Steel, stainless Textiles, acrylic, cotton, flax, nylon, polyester, rayon l) wwwwwwwwxwwwwwwww Tinwwwwwwwwxxwwwwwwww Titaniumwwwwwwwxxwwwwwww Tungsten carbidewwwwwwww Wood m)x Zinc and alloyswwwwwwwwxwwwwwwww Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 15:57:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Unco
32、ntrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5350-A1:1976 6 BSI 04-1999 Notes to Table 1 a) Where a range of degreasing or abrasion treatment is given, any one quoted may be used. b) After abrading, remove dust and debris with a clean brush or cloth. c) Certain adherends are amenable to additional pretreatments that c
33、an enhance the bond performance (see Table 2). d) Degrease as appropriate for the bulk polymer; for example, for expanded natural rubber see natural rubber. e) Heat to 500C before abrasion as an alternative to degreasing. f) Grit blast to E(ii) is applicable only to high-density material (HDPE). g)
34、To prevent stress cracking, annealing is recommended, using the procedure of heating slowly at a rate of 18 C per hour to between 87 C and 93 C and maintaining at this temperature for a period of hours equal to the sheet thickness in millimetres multiplied by a factor of 0.32. After this period, red
35、uce the temperature slowly by 12 %C per hour. h) Grit blast to E(i) and E(ii) is applicable only to rigid PVC. i) Apply silicone primer after degreasing and abrading. j) Degreasing with B(iii) may be safer treatment for plasticized PVC. k) Remove tarnish before degreasing. l) No treatment normally r
36、equired. m) Abrade the surface to be bonded with at least four double strokes parallel to the direction of the grain with a flat block to which a suitable abrasive material, such as glass paper of grade 1 as specified in BS 871, has been firmly attached. Table 2 Treatment for higher standard of perf
37、ormance: sequence of operations AdherendDegreaseAbradeDegreaseFurther treatment Aluminium and alloysa Any method of Table 1 Immerse for 30 min in solution H at 60 C to 65 C. Wash with clean cold water, then hot water. Dry in hot air. (Temperature of water and air not higher than 65 C.) Asbestos boar
38、dbPrime with diluted adhesive or low-viscosity primer. Bricks and nonglazed fired materials GPrime with diluted adhesive or low-viscosity primer. Cellulose AcetateB(v)F(i) Warm for 1 h at 100 C and apply the adhesive to adherend before it cools to ambient temperature. Ceramics, glazedB(i) or CPrime
39、with silane based primer. ChromiumAny method of Table 1 F(i)Any method of Table 1 Immerse for 1 min to 5 min in solution J at 90 C to 95 C. Wash with clean cold water followed by hot water. Dry in hot air. ConcreteRemove surface layer and prime with diluted adhesive. CopperAny method of Table 1 RImm
40、erse in solution R at 90 C to 100 C for 10 min to 15 min. Wash thoroughly and dry. Glass Solvent wipe or C Immerse for 10 min to 15 min in solution K at room temperature. Wash thoroughly and dry. NickelAny method of Table 1 F(ii)Etch for 5 s in concentrated nitric acid at room temperature. Wash with
41、 clean cold water, then hot water. Dry with hot air. PlasterF(ii)Prime with a solution of resins or diluted adhesive. PolyethyleneB(ii) Immerse for 60 min to 90 min in solution L at room temperature. Wash thoroughly and dry. PolypropyleneB(ii)F(ii) Immerse for 10 min to 15 min in solution M at room
42、temperature. Wash thoroughly and dry. PTFEChemical treatment Q a There is evidence to suggest that alkaline degreasing yields higher subsequent bond efficiency. b WARNING Breathing asbestos dust is dangerous to health and precautions have to be taken during the manufacture and use of these products.
43、 Particular note has to be taken of the Asbestos Products (Safety) Regulations 1985, made under the Consumer Safety Act 1978 and of the Asbestos (Prohibitions), Regulations 1985 made under the Health and safety at Work etc. Act 1974, which prohibit the supply of products containing amosite or crocid
44、olite and set out requirements for the labelling of all products containing asbestos. All the above legislation implements European Directives. Parallel regulations for Northern Ireland came into force on 6 March 1986. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 15:57:52 GMT+00:00 2006, U
45、ncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5350-A1:1976 BSI 04-19997 Table 2 Treatment for higher standard of performance: sequence of operations AdherendDegreaseAbradeDegreaseFurther treatment Steel, mildAny method of Table 1 E or F(ii)Immerse for 10 min in solution N at 60 C. Brush off black deposit under runni
46、ng water with a clean stiff bristle brush. Heat for 1 h at 120 C. Alternatively etch electrolytically in dilute sulphuric acid as in method H of CP 3012. Steel, stainlessaAny method of Table 1 F(ii)Immerse for 10 min to 30 min in solution O then wash with clean cold running water. TitaniumaAny metho
47、d of Table 1 except A F(ii)Any method of Table 1 except A Immerse in solution S at 65 C to 70 C for 20 min or until the surface is blue-black. Wash thoroughly and dry. Tungsten carbide Any method of Table 1 Immerse for 10 min in solution P at 80 C to 90 C. Was Wash with cold water, followed by hot w
48、ater. Dry with hot air. a There is evidence to suggest that alkaline degreasing yields higher subsequent bond efficiency. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 15:57:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5350-A1: 1976 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British S
49、tandards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while usi