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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14004 Second edition 2004-11-15 Reference number ISO 14004:2004(E) ISO 2004 Environmental management systems General guidelines on principles, systems and support techniques Systmes de management environnemental Lignes directrices gnrales concernant les principes, les syst
2、mes et les techniques de mise en uvre ISO 14004:2004(E) ii ISO 2004 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are lice
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6、ermission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 14004:2004(E) ISO 20
7、04 All rights reserved iii Contents Page 1Scope 1 2Normative references 1 3Terms and definitions 1 4Environmental management system elements . 5 4.1General . 5 4.2Environmental policy 8 4.3Planning . 10 4.4Implementation and operation . 19 4.5Checking 28 4.6Management review 32 Annex A (informative)
8、 Examples of correspondence between environmental management system elements . 34 Bibliography . 39 ISO 14004:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
9、 of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmen
10、tal, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The ma
11、in task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. At
12、tention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14004 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management, Subcommittee SC 1,
13、Environmental management systems. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14004:1996), which has been technically revised. ISO 14004:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved v Introduction As concern grows for continually improving the quality of the environment, organizations of
14、 all types and sizes are increasingly turning their attention to the environmental impacts of their activities, products and services. The environmental performance of an organization is of importance to internal and external interested parties. Achieving sound environmental performance requires org
15、anizational commitment to a systematic approach and to continual improvement of an environmental management system (EMS). The general purpose of this International Standard is to provide assistance to organizations that wish to implement or improve an environmental management system and thereby impr
16、ove their environmental performance. This International Standard is consistent with the concept of sustainable development and compatible with diverse cultural, social and organizational frameworks and systems of management. This International Standard can be used by organizations of all types, size
17、s and levels of maturity, and in all sectors and geographic locations. The special needs of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are incorporated, and this International Standard accommodates their needs and promotes their use of an environmental management system. This International Standard i
18、s part of the series of environmental management standards established by ISO/TC 207. In this series, only ISO 14001 contains requirements that may be objectively audited for certification/registration purposes or for self-declaration purposes. This International Standard includes examples, descript
19、ions and options that aid both in the implementation of an environmental management system and in strengthening its relation to the overall management of an organization. While the guidelines in this International Standard are consistent with the ISO 14001 environmental management system model, they
20、 are not intended to provide interpretations of the requirements of ISO 14001. For ease of use, the subclauses of Clause 4 of ISO 14001 have the same numbering as in ISO 14004. However, the latter has extra subclauses (e.g. 4.3.1.1 or 4.3.3.3), where detailed or additional guidance for an effective
21、environmental management system implementation is considered useful. Apart from this International Standard and ISO 14001, there are numerous other environmental management standards in the series of International Standards established by ISO/TC 207. A reference to and description of these Internati
22、onal Standards can be found in the ISO publication The ISO 14000 Family of International Standards. This International Standard describes the elements of an environmental management system and provides organizations with guidance on how to establish, implement, maintain or improve an environmental m
23、anagement system. Such a system can substantially enhance an organizations ability to anticipate, identify and manage its interactions with the environment, meet its environmental objectives and ensure ongoing compliance with applicable legal requirements and with other requirements to which the org
24、anization subscribes. Examples and approaches are presented throughout this International Standard for illustrative purposes. They are not intended to represent the only possibilities, nor are they necessarily suitable for every organization. In designing and implementing or improving an environment
25、al management system, organizations should select approaches that are appropriate to their own circumstances. Environmental management is an integral part of an organizations overall management system. The design of an environmental management system is an ongoing and interactive process. The struct
26、ure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for implementing environmental policies, objectives and targets can be coordinated with existing efforts in other areas (e.g. operations, finance, quality, occupational health and safety). For ease of reading and understanding thi
27、s International Standard, practical help and general guidance have been separated out and are shown as boxed text. -,-,- ISO 14004:2004(E) vi ISO 2004 All rights reserved Key tasks for managers establishing, implementing, maintaining or improving an environmental management system include the need t
28、o recognize that environmental management is among the highest organizational priorities, establish and maintain communication and constructive relations with internal and external interested parties, identify the environmental aspects of the organizations activities, products and services, identify
29、 the legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes, that relate to the organizations environmental aspects, ensure the commitment of management and all persons working for or on behalf of the organization to the protection of the environment, with clear assignment of
30、 accountability and responsibility, encourage environmental planning throughout the product or service life cycle, establish a process for achieving environmental objectives and targets, provide appropriate and sufficient resources, including training, to comply with applicable legal requirements an
31、d with other requirements to which the organization subscribes, and to achieve environmental objectives and targets on an ongoing basis, evaluate environmental performance against the organizations environmental policy, objectives and targets and seek improvement where appropriate, establish a manag
32、ement process to audit and review the environmental management system and to identify opportunities for improvement of the system and resulting environmental performance, and encourage contractors and suppliers to establish an environmental management system. Organizations may use this International
33、 Standard, or related ISO documents, in various ways, including as guidance to establish, implement, maintain or improve its environmental management system, knowing that this International Standard is not intended for self-declaration or other conformity assessment purposes, and in support of the i
34、mplementation or improvement of its environmental management system. The choice will depend on factors such as an organizations goals, the maturity of an organizations management systems (i.e. whether the organization has a management system in place that is capable of supporting the inclusion of en
35、vironmental concerns), possible advantages and disadvantages, as determined by such factors as an organizations current and desired market position, reputation, external relations and the views of interested parties, and the size of an organization. An effective environmental management system helps
36、 an organization to avoid, reduce or control the adverse environmental impacts of its activities, products and services, achieve compliance with applicable legal and requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes and assist in continually improving environmental perfor
37、mance. Having an environmental management system can help an organization assure interested parties that a management commitment exists to meet the provisions of its policy, objectives, and targets, emphasis is placed on prevention, evidence of reasonable care and regulatory compliance can be provid
38、ed, and the systems design incorporates the process of continual improvement. Economic benefits can be gained from implementing an environmental management system. An organization whose management system incorporates an environmental management system has a framework to balance and integrate economi
39、c and environmental interests. Economic benefits can also be identified to demonstrate ISO 14004:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved vii to interested parties the value to the organization of sound environmental management. It also provides the organization with the opportunity to link environmenta
40、l objectives and targets with specific financial outcomes and thus to ensure that resources are made available where they provide the most benefit in both financial and environmental terms. An organization that has implemented an environmental management system can achieve significant competitive ad
41、vantages. In addition to improved environmental performance, the potential benefits associated with an effective environmental management system include assuring customers of commitment to demonstrable environmental management, maintaining good public/community relations, satisfying investor criteri
42、a and improving access to capital, obtaining insurance at reasonable cost, enhancing image and market share, improving cost control, reducing incidents that result in liability, conserving input materials and energy, facilitating the attainment of permits and authorizations and meeting their require
43、ments, promoting environmental awareness among suppliers, contractors and all persons working for or on behalf of the organization, fostering development and sharing of solutions to environmental problems, and improving industry-government relations. . viii -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 14004:2004
44、(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1 Environmental management systems General guidelines on principles, systems and support techniques 1Scope This International Standard provides guidance on the establishment, implementation, maintenance and improvement of an environmental management system and its co
45、ordination with other management systems. NOTEWhile the system is not intended to manage occupational health and safety issues, they may be included when an organization seeks to implement an integrated environmental and occupational health and safety management system. The guidelines in this Intern
46、ational Standard are applicable to any organization, regardless of its size, type, location or level of maturity. While the guidelines in this International Standard are consistent with the ISO 14001 environmental management system model, they are not intended to provide interpretations of the requi
47、rements of ISO 14001. 2Normative references No normative references are cited. This clause is included in order to retain clause numbering identical with the previous edition (ISO 14004:1996). 3Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 au
48、ditor person with the competence to conduct an audit ISO 9000:2000, 3.9.9 3.2 continual improvement recurring process of enhancing the environmental management system (3.9) in order to achieve improvements in overall environmental performance (3.11) consistent with the organizations (3.20) environme
49、ntal policy (3.13) NOTEThe process need not take place in all areas of activity simultaneously. ISO 14001:2004, 3.2 3.3 correction action taken to eliminate a detected nonconformity (3.18) NOTEAdapted from ISO 9000:2000, 3.6.6. ISO 14004:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3.4 corrective action action to eliminate the cause of a detected nonconformity (3.18) ISO 14001:20