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1、 Reference number ISO 16458:2004(E) ISO 2004 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16458 First edition 2004-01-15 Space systems Unmanned spacecraft transportation General requirements Systmes spatiaux Transport des vhicules spatiaux non habits Exigences gnrales ISO 16458:2004(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file ma
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6、right office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reserved ISO 16458:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardiza
7、tion) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
8、represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standard
9、s are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Interna
10、tional Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16458 was
11、 prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations. ISO 16458:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reserved Introduction International cooperation in space system design and operation determines how a spacecraft (SC) and its hardware a
12、re transported, such as transportation of special hardware for setup and operation of the SC from other countries; transportation of the SC with hardware for integration with the launch vehicles. To ensure that the problems of ground transportation of the SC and its hardware will not hinder the deve
13、lopment of international cooperation transportation should not require excessive or unusual preparation of the SC and its hardware, and transportation should be based on the available civilian or military transport facilities. It would be ideal to develop international transportation requirements fo
14、r all SC and all types of transportation modes. However, development of such requirements for all areas and all SC of other countries is difficult; so the following general requirements should be established initially: the environment for the SC transportation; the loads from all transportation mode
15、s; the rules for the SC loading, transportation, and unloading. This International Standard contains a list of requirements for different types of transport (rail, road, air, and water). INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16458:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1 Space systems Unmanned spacecraft transpo
16、rtation General requirements 1 Scope This International Standard is applicable to unmanned spacecraft and their supporting hardware including science instrument and payloads. It establishes the requirements for transportation by rail, road, air, and water and as a part of a launch vehicle and establ
17、ishes the requirements for special containers and loading/unloading operations meant to safeguard unmanned spacecraft and their supporting hardware during transportation. This International Standard is intended to be applied in international transportation. It may also be used in national transporta
18、tion. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 14303, Space sys
19、tems Launch-vehicle-to-spacecraft interfaces ISO 15863, Space systems Spacecraft-to-launch-vehicle interface control document ISO 17401, Space systems Documents for space craft interface requirements for launch vehicle services 3 Symbols and abbreviated terms LC launch complex OD operational documen
20、tation RF radio frequency SC spacecraft TS technical specification 4 Transportation requirements 4.1 General provisions 4.1.1 SC shipping containers or railway cars When transporting an SC to an LC or to a maintenance structure, the spacecraft shipping container and other special devices shall provi
21、de for the safe transportation of the spacecraft. The shipping container shall safely provide for various transportation conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and shock. These conditions shall be specified in the operational documentation (OD). ISO 16458:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 4
22、.1.2 Mechanical loads During transportation and loading/unloading operations, structural loads act on the SC. These loads depend on SC securing methods, the stiffness of the transport device, the loading/unloading facilities used, and the environment faced by transport. The limiting values and durat
23、ion of the loads shall be specified in documentation of the SC developer. 4.1.3 Types of transport The types of transport, as well as the requirements for transportation, shall be specified in the OD for the SC. 4.1.4 Major components, support equipment and spare parts Major components or subsystems
24、 shall be transported under the same conditions as the SC. Accessories, tools, and spare parts shall be transported in accordance with the suppliers specifications. 4.1.5 Safety requirements The SC shall be completely secured during transportation (except when transported as part of the launch devic
25、e). Containers with active fluid or active electrical systems shall not jeopardize transportation safety. International transportation of SC shall comply with the international transportation regulations and the international safety constraints that exist under the authority of the United Nations. T
26、ransportation within a country shall conform to the national transportation safety regulations. Transportation within a LC shall conform to the LC safety regulations. 4.1.6 Moisture and contamination The components of SC or the entire SC that are sensitive to moisture and/or contamination that adver
27、sely affect function or performance shall have a system to avoid or reduce the moisture and/or contamination during transportation in accordance with the specific requirements defined in the OD for the SC. 4.1.7 Electrical grounding The SC and container shall be electrically grounded during transpor
28、tation in accordance with the OD for the SC. 4.1.8 Pyrotechnic safety Pyrotechnic components shall be in a safe inactive condition. 4.2 Requirements for the SC shipping containers and control over transportation conditions 4.2.1 Containers A container shall protect the SC from damage during transpor
29、tation, loading/unloading operations, or storage, as well as ensure protection against the natural environment. 4.2.2 Lifting devices and tie-down points Lifting devices (yokes, shackles, etc.) and pick-up/tie-down points shall be provided for lifting and securing containers on a transportation devi
30、ce. The location of the lifting points shall provide a stable lift during any lifting operations. Intermediate elements for securing the container by lifting devices (yokes, shackles) on the transportation device shall be in accordance with the requirements of the OD. Requirements for proof loading
31、of lift points, frames, and slings prior to use shall be specified in the OD. ISO 16458:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3 4.2.3 Container dimensions Dimensions of containers should be in accordance with the dimensional outlines of rolling stock adopted in international and/or national practice.
32、 The container dimensions shall provide a safe clearance between the SC and internal face of the container. 4.2.4 Design requirements The design of the container shall ensure that a) dust and moisture tightness is provided, protection against water penetration is provided, and environmental paramete
33、rs inside the container are maintained within the established limits; b) air pressure inside the container is equal to the environment at air pressure or higher air pressure in accordance with that specified in the OD; c) relative air humidity inside the container is not more than 60 %, and the abso
34、lute humidity is not more than 0,019 kg/m3 or in accordance with the OD for the SC; d) temperature inside a container is from 50 C to +50 C or in accordance with the OD for the SC; e) protection against penetration of rodents and insects is provided; f) dust-generating materials are controlled; g) c
35、ontainer provides protection against static electricity build-up and/or a capability of discharge; h) design load margins are in accordance with the OD for the SC; i) transportation pressure is equalized, which adds a design requirement regarding the pressure equalization capability of the shipping
36、containers; j) products and amounts of out-gassing materials in proximity of the SC are specified in the OD for the SC; k) materials are compatible with SC propellants if an SC is transported filled with fuel; a propellant leak and/or spillage cannot cause a spontaneous combustion and/or fire; l) de
37、sign and materials used for the SC shipping container are compatible for entry/operation inside a clean room; m) RF (radio frequency) shielding is required when the spacecraft being transported is sensitive to external RF energy; n) containers are constructed of corrosive-resistant materials or coat
38、ings, if likely to be subjected to corrosive environments. 4.2.5 Thermal containers Thermal containers shall ensure the following transportation conditions: a) temperature is in accordance with the OD for the SC; b) pressure is from 93 kPa to 113 kPa or in accordance with the OD for the SC; c) relat
39、ive humidity is a maximum of 60 % or in accordance with the OD for the SC; d) air cleanliness is in accordance with the OD. ISO 16458:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 4.2.6 Shock absorption system In order to reduce structural loads acting on SC during transportation down to acceptable values,
40、 the container shall be equipped with a shock-absorption system or other load-reduction systems when required to meet the TS. 4.2.7 Monitoring and recording For transportation of an SC in a container, the monitoring and recording of transportation conditions shall be performed when required by the O
41、D for the SC. In order to ensure monitoring of SC parameters without opening the container, the container design shall provide for remote monitoring. Shock monitor/recording sensors shall be made a part of the shipping container internally and externally when required by the OD for the SC. Volumes a
42、nd permissible ranges of values of monitored parameters of transportation conditions shall be stipulated in the OD for the SC. 4.3 Transportation by commercial rail 4.3.1 Requirements for transportation SC transportation by rail shall be carried out in accordance with rules adopted in international
43、or national practice. 4.3.2 Loads The location and orientation of the SC (vertical, horizontal, etc.), securing of the SC in a container and the shock-absorption system shall be designed to accommodate the loads imposed by the OD for the SC. 4.3.3 Approval of deviations Railway authorities shall app
44、rove overall container dimensions when they deviate from the overall dimensions of the rolling stock. 4.3.4 Precautions During SC transportation, abrupt jolts, jerks, and disconnection of inter-car joints of the braking system are not allowed. Railway cars and platforms carrying SC shall not be subj
45、ect to descending from sorting gravity yards and shall require higher caution measures during manoeuvres. Speed with which a locomotive (with railway cars or without them) approaches immobile railway cars with SC shall not be more than 0,8 m/s. Speed with which detached or separate railway cars appr
46、oach a hump yard as well as during manoeuvres shall not be more than 1,4 m/s. Do not hump rail cars carrying SC. NOTE A hump yard is a rail yard permitting the switching of a group of rail cars where they are pushed onto a hump (high point), detached and moved by gravity toward another rail yard. Ra
47、ilway cars carrying SC shall not be included in a train containing explosion hazards or chemically aggressive cargoes. Railway cars carrying SC shall have signs and inscriptions on them that indicate precautions necessary for the descending from rail yards, abrupt jolts during manoeuvres, or detachi
48、ng escort and protection railway cars. 4.3.5 External inspection during stops During stops en route, external inspection of a transportation device, container, and container-securing assemblies shall be performed. The procedure and frequency of the inspection shall be specified in the OD for the SC.
49、 -,-,- ISO 16458:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 5 4.4 Transportation by road 4.4.1 Working condition Prior to loading/unloading operations, the working condition of the transportation device shall be inspected. Prior to first movement, the security of the container carrying the SC shall be inspected. 4.4.2 Loads The location and orientation of SC (vertical, horizontal, etc.), securing of the SC in a container, and the shock-absorption system shall be designed