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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22156 First edition 2004-05-15 Reference number ISO 22156:2004(E) ISO 2004 Bamboo Structural design Bambou Conception des structures Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/99725450
2、01 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 20:52:33 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 22156:2004(E) ii ISO 2004 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or view
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7、htiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 20:52:33 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,
8、-,- ISO 22156:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iii Contents Page 1Scope 1 2Normative references 1 3Terms and definitions 1 4Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2 5Basic requirements . 2 6Design concepts 3 7Structural design . 4 8Schematisation 6 9Beams (predominantly loaded in bending) . 6 10Columns
9、 (predominantly loaded in an axial direction) 7 11Joints 7 12Assemblies (trusses) . 9 13Panels . 10 14Reinforcement in concrete and soil . 11 15Durability and preservation 11 16Fire protection 11 17Grading . 12 18Quality control 12 Annex A (informative) Background and history 14 Annex B (informative
10、) Assumptions . 15 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 20:52:33 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 22156:2004(E) iv ISO 200
11、4 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a
12、 subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commissio
13、n (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical co
14、mmittees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall no
15、t be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 22156 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 165, Timber structures. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Res
16、ale, 04/19/2007 20:52:33 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 22156:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1 Bamboo Structural design 1Scope This International Standard applies to the use of bamboo structures, i.e. structures made of bambo
17、o (round bamboo, split bamboo, glued laminated bamboo) or bamboo-based panels joined together with adhesives or mechanical fasteners. This International Standard is based on limit-state design, and on the performance of the structure; see also 7.1. It is only concerned with the requirements for mech
18、anical resistance, serviceability and durability of structures. Other requirements, e.g. concerning thermal or sound insulation, are not considered. Bamboo used as a composite structure may require additional considerations beyond this International Standard. Execution (work on-site, and fabrication
19、 of components off-site, and their erection on-site) is covered to the extent that is necessary to indicate the quality of construction materials and products which should be used and the standard of workmanship on-site needed to comply with the assumptions of the design rules. 2Normative references
20、 The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6891, Timber structures Joints made with mec
21、hanical fasteners General principles for the determination of strength and deformation characteristics ISO 16670, Timber structures Joints made with mechanical fasteners Quasi-static reversed-cyclic test method ISO 22157-1, Bamboo Determination of physical and mechanical properties Part 1: Requireme
22、nts 3Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 joint connection between two or more bamboo structural elements 3.2 node place in a bamboo culm where branches sprout and where a diaphragm is inside the culm Copyright International Organiza
23、tion for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 20:52:33 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 22156:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 4Symbols and abbreviated terms
24、 the allowable stress, in the second moment of area, in 5Basic requirements 5.1General A structure shall be designed and constructed in such a way that with acceptable probability, it will remain fit for the use for which it is required, having due regard to its intended life and costs, and with app
25、ropriate degrees of reliability, it will sustain all actions and influences likely to occur during execution and use and have adequate durability in relation to maintenance costs. NOTESee also informative Annex B. 5.2Exceptional events A structure shall also be designed in such a way that it will no
26、t be damaged by events like explosions, impact or consequences of human errors, to an extent disproportionate to the original cause. 5.3Potential damage The potential damage should be limited or avoided by the appropriate choice of one or more of the following: avoiding, eliminating or reducing the
27、hazards which the structure is to sustain; selecting a structural form that has low sensitivity to the hazards considered; selecting a structural form and design that can survive adequately the accidental removal of an individual element; selecting a structural form and design which provides suffici
28、ent continuity between individual elements. 5.4Choice of materials The above requirements shall be met by the choice of suitable materials, by appropriate design and detailing and by specifying control procedures for production, construction and use as relevant for the particular project. 5.5Excepti
29、on All bamboo constructions shall comply with this International Standard completely; as an exception, constructions complying only with 6.2.2 and/or 6.2.3 are deemed to comply with the requirements of this standard. The purpose of this exception is that building processes in the informal sector nee
30、d a long period of teaching and training in order to support self-help building to the full, and also to promote the self-reliance of lower income groups. National Building Codes should specify step-wise processes starting from zero, until the said assumptions can be reached in the future. allN/mm2
31、IBmm4 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 20:52:33 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 22156:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights res
32、erved 3 6Design concepts 6.1Concepts based on calculations Bamboo construction design concepts shall be based on calculations, verifying that no relevant limit state or no relevant permissible stress is exceeded (see Clause 7), except as noted in 6.2. 6.2Concepts based otherwise 6.2.1General Bamboo
33、construction design concepts are deemed to comply, provided the concepts are based on one of the items in 6.2.2 or 6.2.3. 6.2.2Experience from previous generations Experience from previous generations is well preserved in local traditions, and carefully transmitted to people living today. This exper
34、tise can be considered as an informal, non-codified “standard”. Criteria for reliability are: the content shall be generally known and accepted; it shall be considered as an old and pure tradition, as general wisdom; the community shall be characterised by an undisturbed social structure, with a wel
35、l-recognised social pattern. Limitations are: the content is only applicable in similar situations; after migration, the presence of this tradition is no longer self-evident. 6.2.3Reports on evaluations These reports are based on evaluations made after disasters like earthquakes and hurricanes. If t
36、hese reports contain descriptions cf structures which did survive a quantitatively described disaster, similar structures shall be considered as adequate for similar disasters in the future. Criteria for the reliability are: the report shall be written by acknowledged engineers, with adequate experi
37、ence in the field; the report shall be accepted by the international technical community and/or proven by referees; the report shall provide full details and full information, with which one can build similar structures. Limitations are: the report is only applicable in similar situations. 6.3Altern
38、ative design It is permissible to use alternative design rules which differ from this International Standard, provided that it is shown that the alternative rules comply with relevant principles and are at least equivalent with regard to the strength, serviceability and durability achieved for the s
39、tructure with this International Standard. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 20:52:33 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO
40、22156:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 7Structural design 7.1Limit states NOTE For allowable stress design, see 7.4. Limit states are states beyond which the structure no longer satisfies the design performance requirements. Limit states are classified into ultimate limit states, and serviceab
41、ility limit states. Ultimate limit states are those associated with collapse, or with other forms of structural failure which may endanger the safety of people. States prior to structural collapse which, for simplicity, are considered in place of the collapse itself, are also classified and treated
42、as ultimate limit states. Ultimate limit states, which may require consideration, include loss of equilibrium of the structure or any part of it, and failure by excessive deformation or excessive forces, causing rupture or loss of stability of the structure or of any part of it, including supports a
43、nd foundations. Serviceability limit states correspond to states beyond which specified service criteria are no longer met. Serviceability limit states, which may require consideration, include deformations or deflections which affect the appearance or effective use of the structure (including the m
44、alfunction of machines or services) or cause damage to finishes or non-structural elements, and vibration which causes discomfort to people, damage to the building or its contents, or which limits its functional effectiveness. 7.2Material properties 7.2.1Characteristic value A material property is r
45、epresented by a 5 percentile property, estimated from test results, obtained as in ISO 22157-1, with confidence that it represents the population. This is called the characteristic value. It can be obtained with this formula: where is the characteristic value; is the 5 percentile from the test data;
46、 is the mean value from the test data; is the standard deviation from the test data; is the number of tests (at least 10). 7.2.2Design stresses For the derivation of design stresses from the characteristic value, the following rules shall be applied. Strength and stiffness parameters shall be determ
47、ined on the basis of tests for the types of action effects to which the material will be subjected in the structure, or on the basis of comparisons with similar bamboo species or bamboo-based materials or on well-established relations between the different properties. 75 % Rk= R0,05 ? 1 2,7 s m n ?
48、Rk R0,05 m s n Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 20:52:33 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 22156:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 5 It shall be shown that the dimensional stability and environmental behaviour are satisfactory for the intended purposes. Sp