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1、THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH. IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTE
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3、E AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 9241-210 International Organization for Standardization, 2008 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION ISO/TC 159/SC 4 Voting begins on: 2008-11-28 Secretariat: BSI Voti
4、ng terminates on: 2009-04-28 Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems Ergonomie de linteraction homme-systme Partie 210: Conception centre sur loprateur humain pour les systmes interactifs ICS 13.180; 35.180 In accordance with the provisions of Co
5、uncil Resolution 15/1993 this document is circulated in the English language only. Conformment aux dispositions de la Rsolution du Conseil 15/1993, ce document est distribu en version anglaise seulement. To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat
6、. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at publication stage. Pour acclrer la distribution, le prsent document est distribu tel quil est parvenu du secrtariat du comit. Le travail de rdaction et de composition de texte sera effectu au Secrtariat central de l
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13、 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword.v Introduction .vi 1 Scope 1 2 Terms and Definitions 2 3 Rationale for adopting human-centred design 4 4 Principles of human-centred design. 5 4.1 General. 5 4.2 The design is based upon an explicit understanding of users, tasks and environments. 6 4.3
14、 Users are involved throughout design and development 6 4.4 The design is driven and refined by user-centred evaluation 6 4.5 The process is iterative 7 4.6 The design addresses the whole user experience 7 4.7 The design team includes multi- disciplinary skills and perspectives . 8 5 Planning human-
15、centred design . 8 5.1 General. 8 5.2 Responsibility 9 5.3 Content of plan 9 5.4 Integration with project plan 9 5.5 Timing and resources. 10 6 Human-centred design activities. 10 6.1 General. 10 6.2 Understand and specify the context of use . 11 6.2.1 General. 11 6.2.2 Context of use description. 1
16、2 6.2.3 Sufficient detail to support design 12 6.2.4 Context of use intended for design. 12 6.3 Specify the user requirements 12 6.3.1 General. 12 6.3.2 Identify user and other stakeholder needs 13 6.3.3 User requirements to be specified 13 6.3.4 Trade-offs between user requirements. 13 6.3.5 Ensuri
17、ng the quality of user requirements specifications . 13 6.4 Produce design solutions 14 6.4.1 General. 14 6.4.2 Designing user tasks, interaction and interface to meet the user requirements, considering the whole user experience 14 6.4.3 Making the design solutions more concrete (using scenarios, si
18、mulations, prototypes, mock-ups) . 15 6.4.4 Altering the design solutions based on user-centred evaluation and feedback (see 7.5 for detail on user-centred evaluation). 16 6.4.5 Communicating the design solution to those responsible for implementation. 16 6.5 Evaluate . 16 6.5.1 General. 16 6.5.2 Co
19、nducting user-centred evaluation 17 6.5.3 User-centred evaluation methods. 17 6.5.4 User based testing 18 6.5.5 Expert evaluation 18 ISO/DIS 9241-210: 2008 iv ISO 2008 All rights reserved 6.5.6 Long term monitoring. 19 7 Sustainability and human-centred design . 19 8 Conformance. 20 Annex A (informa
20、tive) Overview of the ISO 9241 series. 21 Annex B (informative) Sample procedure for assessing applicability and conformance 22 B.1 General. 22 The completed checklist can be used in support of statements relating to conformance of a project with the standard. It provides a list of all of the requir
21、ements and recommendations for which conformance has been achieved 22 B.2 How to use the checklist 22 B.3 Copying the checklist. 23 Bibliography . 32 ISO/DIS 9241-210: 2008 ISO 2008 All rights reserved v Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of n
22、ational standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Inter
23、national organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the
24、 rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by
25、 at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 9241-210 was prepared by Technical Committee
26、ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4, Ergonomics of the human-system interaction. ISO 9241 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomics of human system interaction Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems: ISO/DIS 9241-210: 2008 vi ISO 2008 All rights reserv
27、ed Introduction Human-centred design is an approach to interactive system development that aims to make systems usable by focussing on the users, their needs and requirements, and by applying human factors, ergonomics and usability knowledge and techniques. This approach enhances effectiveness and e
28、fficiency, improves human well-being, user satisfaction, accessibility and sustainability; and counteracts possible adverse effects of use on human health, safety and performance. There is a substantial body of human factors, ergonomics and usability knowledge about how human- centred design can be
29、organized and used effectively. This part of ISO 9241 aims to make this information available to help those responsible for managing hardware and software design and re- design processes to identify and plan effective and timely human-centred design activities. Human-centred design described in this
30、 part of ISO 9241 complements existing systems design approaches. It can be incorporated in approaches as diverse as object oriented, waterfall and rapid application development. This part of ISO 9241 replaces ISO 13407. The changes include clarifying the role of iteration in the whole design proces
31、s, not just evaluation, emphasising that human-centred methods can be used throughout the system life cycle and explaining design activities and human-centred design principles more clearly. The principles of human-centred design and the related activities have not changed substantially since ISO 13
32、407 was produced and have been validated by ten years of application. 9241-210 reflects this by making requirements as well as recommendations. 1 Scope This part of ISO 9241 provides requirements and recommendations on human-centred design principles and activities throughout the life cycle of compu
33、ter-based interactive systems. It is intended to be used by those managing design processes. This part of ISO 9241 is concerned with both hardware and software components of interactive systems. NOTE Computer based interactive systems vary in scale and complexity. Examples include off the shelf (shr
34、ink wrap) software products, custom office systems, plant monitoring systems, automated banking systems, web sites and applications, and consumer products, such as vending machines, mobile phones and digital television. Throughout this standard, such systems are generally referred to as products, sy
35、stems or services although, for simplicity, sometimes only one term is used. This part of ISO 9241 provides an overview of human-centred design activities. It does not provide detailed coverage of the methods and techniques required for human-centred design, nor does it address health or safety aspe
36、cts in detail. Although it addresses the planning and management of human-centred design, it does not address all aspects of project management. The information in this part of ISO 9241 is intended for use by those responsible for planning and managing projects that design and develop interactive sy
37、stems. It therefore addresses technical human factors and ergonomics issues only to the extent necessary to allow such individuals to understand their relevance and importance in the design process as a whole. It also provides a framework for human factors and usability professionals involved in hum
38、an-centred design. Detailed human factors, ergonomics, usability and accessibility issues are dealt with more fully in a number of standards including other parts of ISO 9241 (see Annex A) and ISO 6385 which sets out the broad principles of ergonomics (see Annex B). The requirements and recommendati
39、ons in this part of ISO 9241 can benefit all parties involved in human-centred design and development. Annex C provides a checklist that can be used to support claims of conformance to this standard. ISO/DIS 9241-210: 2008 1 ISO 2008 All rights reserved Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 21
40、0: Human-centred design for interactive systems ISO/DIS 9241-210: 2008 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved 2 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 9241, the following definitions apply. 3.1 accessibility usability of a product, service, environment or facility by people with the wide
41、st range of capabilities ISO 9241-171 3.2 context of use users, tasks, equipment (hardware, software and materials), and the physical and social environments in which a product is used ISO 9241-11: 1998 3.3 effectiveness accuracy and completeness with which users achieve specified goals ISO 9241-11:
42、 1998 3.4 efficiency resources expended in relation to the accuracy and completeness with which users achieve goals ISO 9241-11: 1998 3.5 ergonomics (or human factors) scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among human and other elements of a system, and the professio
43、n that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance ISO 6385:2004 3.6 goal intended outcome ISO 9241-11: 1998 3.7 human-centred design approach to system design and development that aims to make interactive systems more u
44、sable by focussing on the use of the system; applying human factors, ergonomics and usability knowledge and techniques NOTE 1 The term “human-centred design” is used rather than “user-centred design” in order to emphasize that this standard also addresses impacts on a number of stakeholders, not jus
45、t those typically considered as users. However, in practice, these terms are often used synonymously. NOTE 2 Usable systems can provide a number of benefits including improved productivity, enhanced user wellbeing, avoidance of stress, increased accessibility, and reduced risk of harm. ISO/DIS 9241-
46、210: 2008 ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3 3.8 interactive system combination of hardware, software and /or services that receives input from and communicates output to users NOTE This includes, where appropriate, packaging, branding, user documentation, on-line help, support and training. 3.9 prototy
47、pe representation of all or part of an interactive system, that, although limited in some way, can be used for analysis, design and evaluation NOTE A prototype may be as simple as a sketch or static mock-up or as complicated as a fully functioning interactive system with more or less complete functi
48、onality. 3.10 satisfaction freedom from discomfort, and positive attitudes to the use of the product ISO 9241-11: 1998 3.11 task the activities required to achieve a goal ISO 9241-11: 1998 3.12 usability extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effecti
49、veness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use ISO 9241-11: 1998 3.13 user person who interacts with the product ISO 9241-11: 1998 3.14 user experience A persons perceptions and responses that result from the use or anticipated use of a product, system or service NOTE 1 User experience includes all the users emotions, beliefs, preferences, perceptions, physical and psychological responses, behaviours and accomplishments. NOTE 2 User expe