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1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2007 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、 Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org ARP4752 REV. A AEROSPACE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Issued 1994-09 Revised 2007-07 Superseding ARP4752 (R) Aerospace - Design and Installation of Commercial Transport Aircraft Hydraulic Systems RATIONALE The changes to ARP
5、4752 at Revision A include: a. Technical changes to reflect the latest hydraulic system technologies and changes to applicable airworthiness regulations. b. Editorial changes including updating the references and improving the readability of the document. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE5 2. REFERENCES5 2
6、.1 Applicable Documents 5 2.1.1 SAE Publications.5 2.1.2 Air Transport Association of America Publications.8 2.1.3 Department of Defense Publications 8 2.1.4 FAR Publications.9 2.1.5 ISO Publications9 2.1.6 EASA Publications10 2.1.7 Joint Aviation Authorities Committee Documents.10 2.1.8 RTCA Public
7、ations10 2.2 Related Publications .10 2.3 Definitions .11 3. OVERALL HYDRAULIC SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS12 3.1 General Requirements12 3.1.1 Design.12 3.1.2 System Integration12 3.1.3 System Pressure.12 3.1.4 Hydraulic Fluid 12 3.1.5 Temperatures13 3.1.6 Schematic Diagram.13 3.2 Applicable Airworthiness Re
8、quirements.14 3.3 Design Concept and Overall Layout Requirements .15 3.3.1 Aircraft Utilizing a Single Main Hydraulic System.16 3.3.2 Aircraft Utilizing Two Independent Hydraulic Systems.16 3.3.3 Aircraft Utilizing More Than Two Independent Hydraulic Systems 17 3.3.4 Loss of Electrical Generated Pow
9、er .17 3.3.5 Directional Control of the Aircraft on the Ground17 3.3.6 Backup Power Sources.18 3.3.7 Protection Devices18 3.4 Segregation Requirements.19 3.4.1 Engine Debris Requirements19 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not fo
10、r Resale, 12/04/2007 20:24:57 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE ARP4752 Revision A - 2 - 3.4.2 Protection Against Flailing Tires and Tire Debris .20 3.4.3 Protection Against Flailing Shafts.20 3.4.4 Minimizing the Effect of Structural Damage20 3.5 Maintain
11、ability Requirements20 3.5.1 General .20 3.5.2 Provision of Labels21 3.5.3 Servicing Requirements21 3.5.4 Use of External Equipment.22 3.5.5 Internal Leakage Checks22 3.5.6 Filling and Bleeding.22 3.5.7 Draining and Flushing.23 3.5.8 Use of Special Tools.23 3.5.9 Pressure Release (Dump) Valves 23 3.
12、5.10 Common Parts23 3.5.11 Centralized Maintenance System.23 3.6 Reliability Requirements .24 4. GENERAL HYDRAULIC SYSTEM AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS .25 4.1 FAR/CS/JAR 25.581 - Lightning Protection25 4.2 FAR/CS/JAR 25.601 - General.25 4.3 FAR/CS/JAR 25.603 - Materials.25 4.4 FAR/CS/JAR 25.1301 - Fun
13、ction and Installation.26 4.4.1 Qualification of Each Component .26 4.4.2 Identification of Each Component.26 4.4.3 Installation Limitations.26 4.4.4 Demonstration of Satisfactory Operation26 4.5 FAR/CS/JAR 25.1309 - Equipment, Systems, and Installations 27 4.5.1 Correct Operation of the Hydraulic S
14、ystem27 4.5.2 Hydraulic System Indicators and Warnings27 4.6 FAR 25.943/CS 25.1315/JAR 25X1315 - Negative Accelerations.28 4.7 FAR/CS/JAR 25.1322 - Warning, Caution, and Advisory Lights28 5. SPECIFIC HYDRAULIC SYSTEM AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS28 5.1 Part (a) - Element Design .29 5.1.1 FAR/CS/JAR 25.
15、1435(a)(1)29 5.1.2 FAR/CS/JAR 25.1435(a)(2)30 5.1.3 FAR/CS/JAR 25.1435(a)(3)30 5.1.4 FAR/CS/JAR 25.1435(a)(4)31 5.1.5 FAR/CS/JAR 25.1435(a)(5)31 5.2 Part (b) - System Design.32 5.2.1 FAR/CS/JAR 25.1435(b)(1)32 5.2.2 FAR/CS/JAR 25.1435(b)(2)33 5.2.3 FAR/CS/JAR 25.1435(b)(3)34 5.2.4 FAR/CS/JAR 25.1435
16、(b)(4)34 5.2.5 FAR/CS/JAR 25.1435(b)(5)36 5.3 Part (c) - Tests 36 5.3.1 FAR/CS/JAR 25.1435 Part (c) Additional Information36 5.3.2 FAR/CS/JAR 25.1435(c)(1) 36 5.3.3 FAR/CS/JAR 25.1435(c)(2) 37 5.3.4 FAR/CS/JAR 25.1435(c)(3) 37 6. DESIGN PRACTICES AND GUIDELINES.38 6.1 Pressure Limitations .38 6.1.1
17、System Pressure.38 6.1.2 Back Pressure.38 6.2 Fluid Velocity Limitations 38 6.2.1 Fluid Flow Effects39 6.3 Subsystem Isolation39 6.4 System Filling39 6.5 Removal of Entrapped Air.39 6.5.1 System Air Tolerance40 6.6 Subsystem Pressure.40 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with
18、SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 20:24:57 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE ARP4752 Revision A - 3 - 6.7 System Interconnections.40 7. COMPONENTS 41 7.1 General .41 7.2 Pumps.41 7.2.1 Variable Displacement Pump41 7.2.2 F
19、ixed Displacement Pump41 7.2.3 Engine Driven Pump (EDP)41 7.2.4 Electric Motor Driven Pump42 7.2.5 Power Transfer Unit (PTU) .42 7.2.6 Air Turbine Driven Pump.42 7.2.7 Manually Operated Pumps .43 7.3 Reservoirs.43 7.3.1 Reservoir Location44 7.3.2 Reservoir Venting44 7.3.3 Reservoir Pressurization.44
20、 7.4 Accumulators 46 7.5 General Valve Requirements46 7.5.1 Directional Control Valves.47 7.5.2 Control Valve Actuation 47 7.5.3 Valve Position Indication.47 7.5.4 Incorrect Use of Check Valves47 7.5.5 Installation of a Shutoff Valve and Check Valve in the Same Subsystem47 7.6 Filters 48 7.6.1 Filte
21、r Element Requirements 48 7.6.2 Filter Locations48 7.6.3 Replacement of Filter Elements49 7.6.4 Hydraulic Sequencing.49 7.6.5 Integral Filtration in Components49 7.7 Flow Regulators49 7.8 Snubbers.50 7.9 Relief Valves, System and Thermal Relief .50 7.9.1 System Relief Valves50 7.9.2 Thermal Expansio
22、n Relief Valve.50 7.10 Motors .51 7.11 Actuators.51 7.12 Self-Sealing Couplings51 7.13 Shuttle Valves.52 7.14 Pressure Switches 52 7.15 Oil Coolers 52 8. INSTALLATION PRACTICES AND GUIDELINES.53 8.1 General .53 8.2 Installation of Actuators.53 8.3 Installation of Accumulators53 8.4 Location of Hydra
23、ulic Tubing 54 8.4.1 Lines Containing Other Fluids.54 8.4.2 Electrical Systems.54 8.4.3 Environmental Control System (ECS) 54 8.4.4 Other Systems/Components.54 8.5 Means of Providing Flexibility in Tube Lines.55 8.6 Tubing .55 8.6.1 Tubing Materials55 8.6.2 Tubing Bends and Ovality.55 8.6.3 Installa
24、tion of Small Size Tubing.56 8.6.4 Straight Tube Lines.56 8.6.5 Tubing and Fitting Identification56 8.6.6 Tubing Supports56 8.6.7 Tying56 8.7 Design of System Installations56 8.7.1 Component Lines57 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977
25、001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 20:24:57 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE ARP4752 Revision A - 4 - 8.7.2 Pump Suction Lines57 8.7.3 Pump Case Drain Lines57 8.7.4 Drain Lines57 8.7.5 Mounting of Lightweight Components 57 8.7.6 Vibration57 8.7.7 Tubing Clear
26、ances57 8.7.8 Corrosion Protection .58 8.7.9 Manifolds.58 8.8 Hoses58 8.8.1 Hose Assemblies 58 8.8.2 Hose Support59 8.8.3 Hose Bend Radii.59 8.8.4 Hose Protection.59 8.8.5 Provisions for Hose Elongation and Contraction59 8.9 Fittings.60 8.9.1 Permanent Fittings60 8.9.2 Separable Fittings.60 9. NOTES
27、61 9.1 Intended Use.61 9.2 Key Words.61 9.3 The change bar ( l ) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title in
28、dicates a complete revision of the document. 61 APPENDIX A ALPHABETICAL INDEX .62 TABLE 1 PROOF AND ULTIMATE PRESSURES 29 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 20:24:57 MSTNo reproduction or networking perm
29、itted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE ARP4752 Revision A - 5 - 1. SCOPE This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes the requirements for the design and installation of a commercial aircraft hydraulic system, including the applicable airworthiness regulations that affect the hydrauli
30、c system. This ARP also provides information and guidelines on the many factors that arise in the design process to provide cost effectiveness, reliability, maintainability and accepted design and installation practices. 2. REFERENCES The majority of the documents referenced in this section are aero
31、space hydraulic system standards. They include advisory, guidance and certification documentation that can be used for designing, testing and evaluating the design of aircraft hydraulic systems. However, these documents may be added to, or overridden by, specific aircraft and/or airworthiness requir
32、ements, particularly when the documents are oriented towards military aircraft requirements. While military and commercial aircraft hydraulic systems generally utilize different fluid types, the intent of Military Specifications (MIL-specs) provides important and relevant requirements and guidelines
33、 for commercial aircraft applications. 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchas
34、e order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available f
35、rom SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org AIR310 Fittings, Catalog of Flared, Flareless, Pipe Threaded, Port, Hose, and Other Type Tube Standard Connectors ARP490 Electrohydraulic Flo
36、w - Control Servovalves ARP584 Coiled Tubing AS595 Civil Type Aircraft Variable Delivery Pressure Compensated Hydraulic Pump ARP603 Impulse Testing of Hydraulic Hose Assemblies, Tubing and Fittings AS604 Hose Assembly, Tetrafluoroethylene, 400 F, 3000 psi Hydraulic, Heavy Braid AS620 High Temperatur
37、e Hose Assembly, Convoluted Tetrafluoroethylene, for Aircraft AIR737 Aerospace Hydraulic and Pneumatic Specifications and Standards AIR787 Filter Element Cleaning Methods AIR797 Hose Characteristics and Selection Chart AIR887 Liquid Filter Ratings, Parameters and Tests ARP994 Design of Tubing Instal
38、lations for Aerospace Fluid Power Systems, Recommended Practice for Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 20:24:57 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SAE ARP4752 Revis
39、ion A - 6 - AS1055 Fire Testing of Flexible Hoses, Tube Assemblies, Coils, Fittings and Similar System Components AS1227 High Temperature Low Pressure Hose Assembly, Convoluted - Tetrafluoroethylene for Aerospace AS1241 Fire Resistant Phosphate Ester Hydraulic Fluid for Aircraft ARP1280 Application
40、Guide for Power Transfer Units ARP1281 Actuators: Aircraft Flight Controls, Power Operated, Hydraulic, General Specification for ARP1288 Placarding of Aircraft Hydraulic Equipment to Identify Fluid Suitability AS1290 Graphic Symbols for Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems AS1300 Boss, Ring Locked Fluid
41、Connection Type, Standard Dimensions for AS1339 Hose Assembly, Tetrafluoroethylene, 400 F, 3000 psi Hydraulic, Lightweight AIR1379 Prestressing (Autofrettaging) of Hydraulic Tubing Lines ARP1383 Impulse Testing of Hydraulic Actuators, Valves, Pressure Containers and Similar Fluid System Safety Compo
42、nents AIR1569 Handling and Installation Practice for Aerospace Hose Assemblies AS1709 Coupling Assembly, Hydraulic Self-Sealing, Quick Disconnect ARP1870 Aerospace Systems Electrical Bonding and Grounding for Electromagnetic Compatibility and Safety AS1896 Coupling Assembly, Self-Sealing, One Side O
43、nly, Hydraulic ARP1897 Clamp Selection and Installation Guide AIR1922 System Integration Factors That Affect Hydraulic Pump Life AS3121 Plug Expansion - Aluminum, 2024-T4, Long, Standard and .010 Oversize Diameters AS3122 Plug Expansion - Aluminum, 2024-T4, Long AS3123 Plug Expansion - Aluminum, 202
44、4-T4, Short, Standard and .010 Oversize Diameters AS3124 Plug Expansion - Aluminum, 2024-T4, Short AS3125 Plug Expansion - CRES, 416, Long, Standard and .010 Oversize Diameters AS3126 Plug Expansion - CRES, 416, Long AS3127 Plug Expansion - CRES, 416, Short, Standard and .010 Oversize Diameters AS31
45、28 Plug Expansion - CRES, 416, Short AS3129 Plug Expansion - CRES, 303, Long, Standard and .010 Oversize Diameters Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAELicensee=Defense Supply Ctr/5913977001 Not for Resale, 12/04/2007 20:24:57 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted w
46、ithout license from IHS -,-,- SAE ARP4752 Revision A - 7 - AS3130 Plug Expansion - CRES, 303, Long AS3131 Plug Expansion - CRES, 303, Short, Standard and .010 Oversize Diameters AS3132 Plug Expansion - CRES, 303, Short AIR4057 Secondary Filters for Fluid Systems Reliability AS4059 Aerospace Cleanlin
47、ess Classification for Hydraulic Fluids AIR4092 Investigation of PTFE “Melt“ Phenomenon for High Pressure Hoses AS4098 Hose Assembly, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Heavy Duty, Metallic Reinforced, 400 F, 5000 psi Hydraulic and Pneumatic ARP4146 Coiled Tubing - Titanium Alloy, Hydraulic Applications AIR41
48、50 Inspection of In-service Airborne Accumulators for Corrosion and Damage ARP4378 Accumulators, Hydraulic, Cylindrical, Aircraft, Maintenance Free, Factory Pre-charged ARP4379 Accumulators, Hydraulic Cylindrical, Aircraft ARP4386 Terminology and Definitions for Aerospace Fluid Power, Actuation and Control Technologies AS4396 Fitting End - Bulkhead Flared Tube Connection, Design Standard AIR4543 Aerospace Hydraulics and Actuation Lessons Learned ARP4553 Self Displac