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1、TECHNICAL DATA SERIES S D I STEEL DOOR INSTITUTE 30200 DETROIT ROAD - CLEVELAND, OHIO 44145 118 - 01 Basic Fire Door Requirements 2001 Steel Door Institute 2 Technical Data SeriesSDI 118-2001 Basic Fire Door Requirements Opening Wall Rating Door and Frame Rating Description and Use 4 Hour 3 Hour (18
2、0 minutes) These openings are in walls that separate buildings or divide a single building into designated fire areas. 2 Hour 1-1/2 Hour (90 minute) Openings of this type are used in enclosures of vertical communication or egress through buildings. Examples of these types of openings include stairwe
3、lls and elevator shafts. 1 Hour 1 Hour (60 minute) These door and frame assemblies divide occupancies in a building. 1 Hour 3/4 Hour (45 minute) For use where there are openings in corridors or room parti- tions. 2 Hour 1-1/2 Hour (90 minute) This opening is in a wall where there is the potential fo
4、r severe fire exposure from the exterior of the building. 1 Hour 3/4 Hour (45 minute) This opening is in an exterior wall that has the potential to be exposed to moderate to light fire from the exterior of the building. 1 Hour 1/3 Hour (20 minute) These openings are in corridors where smoke and draf
5、t control is required. The minimum wall rating is 1 hour. Table 1 Fire door openings 1Introduction Fire testing of doors and hardware and the resulting labeling authorities granted, is a com- plex subject that is better understood when basic rules and guidelines are applied. 2Doors The fire rating c
6、lassification of the wall into which the door is installed dictates the required fire rating of the door. The location of the wall in the building and prevailing building code estab- lish the walls fire rating. The associated door ratings are shown in table 1 below. 2.1Hourly ratings Steel fire door
7、s are “rated” by time (in minutes or hours) that a door can withstand exposure to fire test conditions. Hourly ratings include 1-1/2-hours, 1-hour, 3/4-hour, and 1/3-hour, with the maximum rating required of any swing- ing type fire door being three hours. 2.2Three-hour (180 minute) doors A door wit
8、h a three-hour fire protection rat- ing is usually found in walls that separate buildings or that divide a large building into smaller fire areas. The wall rating is four hours. 2.31-1/2-hour (90 minute) doors Doors rated for 1-1/2 hours are found in 2-hour rated walls. These doors are commonly lo-
9、cated in stairwells, or other enclosures of ver- tical communication through a building. They also occur in boiler rooms and in exterior walls that have potential for severe fire exposure from the outside the building. 3 SDI 118-2001 2.4One-hour (60 minute) doors One-hour rated doors are used in wal
10、ls be- tween rooms, which are also typically one- hour rated. 2.53/4-hour (45 minute) doors Doors with 3/4-hour fire protection ratings are used in one-hour walls. A 3/4-hour rated door is found in walls of corridors and room parti- tions. A door with this rating may also be located in the exterior
11、wall of a building sub- ject to moderate fire exposure from the out- side of the building. 2.61/3-hour (20 minute) doors One-third-hour or 20 minute doors are used in one-hour walls. These doors are used for cor- ridor applications and in other applications where smoke and draft control is a primary
12、 concern. 2.7Twenty-minute doors tested without hose stream Doors and frames may also be rated as 20 minutes without a hose stream. These doors have successfully passed a 20-minute fire test, with the omission of the hose stream test, and bear a label that specifically states “Twenty- Minute-Rating
13、Tested Without Hose Stream.” These doors may be provided with vision lights only limited in size by the door manufacturers fire labeling procedure authority. Assemblies identified as “Twenty-Minute-Rat- ing Tested Without Hose Stream” should not be confused with 1/3-hour fire rated doors, which have
14、 been tested in accordance with the standard fire test procedure that includes the hose stream test. 2.8Summary Doors are rated for three-fourths of the rating of the surrounding wall: A 3-hour door is used in a 4-hour rated wall; a 1-1/2-hour fire door is used in a 2-hour rated wall; and a 3/4-hour
15、 door is used in a one-hour rated wall. The notable exception is that 1/3-hour rated doors are also used with one-hour rated walls. However, a door with a higher fire rating than the opening requires may also be used. For example, a door rated for 3 hours may be used in a 1-1/2-hour opening. All req
16、uirements for the 3 hour rating, such as maximum glass size, door size, and other restrictions for the higher rated door must be met. 3Glass 1/4“ wire glass and ceramic glass are the most common types of glazing used in fire rated doors. The hourly rating of the door dictates the number and maximum
17、size of the vision lights used in the door. Table 2 shows the limitations of size, area and number of vision lights in a door. Vision lights are not allowed in 3-hour rated fire doors, unless allowed by the local authority having jurisdiction. The vision light kit or window frame must be approved fo
18、r use in a fire rated door. 4Temperature rise doors In certain applications, fire doors are required to minimize the transmission of heat from one side of the door to the other, as in the stairwell of a high rise building. If the door can limit the transmission of heat for a period of time, it is po
19、ssible for people in a burning building to safely pass below the floor of fire origin. These doors are built with a specifically designed core and are referred to as temperature rise doors. In addition to the hourly rating, the fire door label will also state the temperature rise rating of the door.
20、 Temperature rise ratings are 250F, 450F, and 650F, and indicate the maximum rise in temperature above ambient temperature measured on the unexposed sur- face (non-fire side) of the door during the first 30 minutes of the standard fire test. The 250F temperature rise designation is the most strin- g
21、ent rating of the three, since it requires the most limiting rise in temperature. A 250F temperature rise door meets the requirements of specifications calling for a 450F or 650F temperature rise rating. 5Louvers Listed fusible-link type louvers to a maximum size of 24“ x 24“ are permitted in 1-1/2-
22、hour SDI 118-2001 4 Table 2 Door glazing Hourly Rating Maximum Exposed Area ( Sq. In.) Maximum Width Maximum Height Number of Lights 20 min. w/o Hose299435-13/16“83-5/8“No Limit 20 and 45 Minutes 129636“54“No Limit 20 and 45 Minutes* 285634“84“No Limit 60 and 90 Minutes* 220412“46“4 90 Minutes 10012
23、“33“No Limit Hourly Rating Maximum Exposed Area ( Sq. In.) Maximum Width Maximum Height Number of Lights 20 min. w/o Hose283535“81“No Limit 20 and 45 Minutes 129636“54“No Limit 60 Minutes 129636“54“No Limit 90 Minutes 129636“54“ No Limit 180 Minutes 10012“33“1 1/4“ Wire Glass Ceramic Glass * Require
24、s use of special Bedding Compound and 3/4-hour fire doors, with the louver mounted in the bottom half of the door. Lou- vers may not be used in 1/3-hour (20 minute) rated doors, or doors of other hourly ratings that may be part of a smoke and draft assem- bly. Doors with glass lights, or doors equip
25、ped with fire exit devices may not have louvers. 6Fire door frames Fire doors frames are not affected by the exposure ratings and opening classifications that apply to doors. There are no hourly rat- ings for a basic fire door frame unless the labeling on the frame specifically states that the frame
26、 is rated for something less than 3 hours. If a frame bears a recognized label qualifying it as a fire door frame, it may sup- port a 3-hour, a 1-1/2-hour, a 3/4-hour, or a 1/3-hour door. Frames used in masonry walls may be used with a maximum 3-hour fire door, while frames used in drywall walls are
27、 in- tended to be used with a maximum 1-1/2-hour fire door. 7Transom and sidelight assemblies Labeled frames are available with transom areas, sidelight areas, or a combination of both. The transom and sidelight areas can be furnished with listed panel assemblies or listed glass, depending on the de
28、sired hourly rating. Frames with solid transom panel and/or side panels may be used in openings rated up to and including 1-1/2-hour. Some manufactur- ers have the capability to provide frames with solid transom panels that have a 3-hour rat- ing. Frames with labeled glass transom lights and/or side
29、lights may be used with doors that have up to a one-hour rating. Examples of individual visible glass light areas are shown in table 3. Transom/sidelight frames may also have a rating of twenty minutes without a hose stream. The glass openings allowed are only limited by the individual manufacturers
30、 list- ing. The overall size of transom and sidelight frames is limited to the maximum size that a manufacturer has successfully fire tested. Since the size may vary, it is important to 5 SDI 118-2001 Table 3 Fire window frame and transom/sidelight frame glazing Hourly Rating Maximum Exposed Area (
31、Sq. In.) Maximum Width Maximum Height Number of Lights 20 min. w/o Hose5268109-3/4“ 109-3/4“No Limit 20 and 45 Minutes 129654“54“No Limit 20 and 45 Minutes* 4704106“106“No Limit Hourly Rating Maximum Exposed Area ( Sq. In.) Maximum Width Maximum Height Number of Lights 20 min. w/o Hose332595“95“No L
32、imit 20 and 45 Minutes 332595“95“No Limit 60 Minutes 272177“77“No Limit Hourly Rating Maximum Exposed Area ( Sq. In.) Maximum Width Maximum Height Number of Lights 90 Minutes1,2 230448“48“No Limit 90 Minutes1,3460896“96“No Limit 180 Minutes1,3 460896“48“No Limit 1 Check with individual manufacturer
33、for specific panel size and construction 2 1/2“ thick composite panel 3 1-3/4“ thick hollow metal panel 1/4“ Wire Glass * Requires use of special Bedding Compound Ceramic Glass Panels consult the manufacturer when writing specifi- cations. The label applied to transom sidelight assem- blies will sta
34、te whether panels or glass are to be used in the frame. If the frame contains both panels and glass, the label for glass lights is used since it is the most limiting rating. 8Fire window frames (borrowed light) Fire window frames are labeled hollow metal glass light frames that are not attached to a
35、 door frame. Fire window frames with a maxi- mum 3/4-hour rating may be provided in ac- cordance with the manufacturers listing. Indi- vidual glass openings are not to exceed 1296 square inches; the dimension for width or height shall not exceed 54 inches. Fire win- dow frames with a 20-minute ratin
36、g tested without a hose stream are limited in overall size and glass area only by a manufacturers individual fire test program. Fire window frames are typically used in corridor walls and may be provided for masonry or drywall construction. Consult the frame manufacturer as to the abil- ity to suppl
37、y fire window frames for drywall walls. Fire window frames may be provided with wired glass not less than 1/4-inch thick, or glass as approved by the labeling agencies. 9Fire door hardware To understand fire door hardware, you must re- member that fire doors serve four main purposes: 1) To serve as
38、a regular door at all times; 2) to provide ready egress during a fire; 3) to keep fire from spreading throughout the building; and 4) to protect life and property. SDI 118-2001 6 To adequately perform these functions, a fire door must be equipped with fire listed hard- ware for dependable operation.
39、 Proper hard- ware selections can be verified by consulting the current editions of “Building Materials Di- rectory” published by Underwriters Laborato- ries Inc., “Directory of Listed Products” pub- lished by Intertek Testing Services and “Hard- ware for Labeled Fire Doors” published by the Door an
40、d Hardware Institute. These manuals identify hardware and other products that may be used in fire-rated assemblies. The National Fire Protection Associations publication, NFPA 80, entitled, “Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows” provides guid- ance for installing fire doors and frames and hardwa
41、re in the openings of a building. 9.1Hinges A labeled fire door must be hung on steel bearing-type hinges. The use of steel is nec- essary since non-ferrous metals become “elastic” at much lower temperatures, which could allow serious dislocation of the door during a fire. There are certain hinge de
42、- signs made of non-ferrous metals which may be used on fire doors in accordance with the listing information for the particular hinge. These hinges are usually used on doors of lesser fire rating. The bearing type knuckles on hinges are re- quired in order to provide smooth operation and to minimiz
43、e wear throughout the lifetime of the opening. Remember, a fire door must close in the event of a fire. Worn hinges will cause the door to sag, effectively preventing the door from closing. Exception: Some manufacturers may provide doors with hinges which are non-bearing type when they are part of a
44、 listing assembly. NFPA 80 allows the use of standard weight (1.34 inches leaf thickness) 4-1/2“ hinges on 1-3/4-hour doors up to 40“ in width and 80“ in height. Doors over 8 in height shall have heavy weight (.180 inches leaf thickness) 4-1/2“ hinges. Some manufacturers have the capability of provi
45、ding lighter weight hinges on doors over 8 in height as part of a listed assembly. (Consideration should be given to larger hinge sizes for heavy or frequent use doors.) 9.2Latching devices EVERY SWINGING FIRE DOOR MUST HAVE A LABELED AUTOMATIC LATCHING DE- VICE TO ENGAGE THE STRIKE. Deadlocks may b
46、e provided in addition to the latch bolt, except on doors used as a means of egress, where interconnected locks may be used which retract the dead bolt with the latch bolt. Dead bolts may not be used in place of latch bolts. When selecting latching devices, it is impor- tant to use the correct lengt
47、h of latch bolt, a requirement that can vary with the door con- struction and the manufacturers fire testing program. It is common for a pair of doors to require a longer latch bolt throw than a single door. The minimum latch bolt length that must be used for any given door is indicated on the fire
48、door label. Some state and city building code authorities allow the use of a “push” and “pull” function on certain fire rated openings. This push/pull func- tion does not include a self-latching device and does not allow a fire door to perform its vital function. Without a latching device the door w
49、ill not remain closed during a fire. A manufacturer cannot fire label a door pre- pared only for a push/pull function. 9.3Fire exit hardware Exit devices may be used on labeled doors provided the door labeling specifically states “Fire Door To Be Used With Fire Exit Hard- ware.” This label indicates that the door has been properly reinforced for fire exit devices. Doors that bear this label must pass a panic loading test in addition to the standard fire test. The panic load test measures the struc- tural capability of the door to allow the hard- ware to operate in a