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1、直接引语和 间接引语总结（当我们引用别人的话时，我们可以用 别人的原话，也可以用自己的话 把别人的意思转述出来。如果引 用原话，被引用部分就是直接引语，如果是转述原话，则是间接 引语。）,直接引语和间接引语,我们先来看看什么是直接引语和间接引语？ 请看下面各人所说的话： 杰克：我想吃雪糕。 妈妈：玛丽，你弟弟说什么？ 玛丽：他说他想吃雪糕。 大家知道这三人所说的话涉及转述的问题。那么哪一句是转述的话呢？ 当然是玛丽说的话。英语中同样也有转述。转述的话叫间接引语,间接引语的构成要素 1、不要逗号、冒号、引号。 2、要考虑到人称的变化。 3、要考虑到时态的变化。 4、要考虑到时间状语、地点状语和指
2、 示代词的变化。 My brother said to me ，“I read the book yesterday. My brother told me he had read the book the day before.,直接引语的构成要素 1、只须将原话放在引号之中，不作任何变动。 2、没有时态呼应的问题。 3、引用原话前可以用逗号，也可以用冒号。 4 、第二个引号之前，亦即重述的话之末,按 其类别放一个句号或问号等。 She said ，“Ill come here the day after tomorrow.” She said to me ，“Does she teach
3、English in this school？”,“直接引语”与“引述动词”,He said,“Its time for lunch.” “ I like apples,”Tom said. Jack said,“Mike can swim.” 我们把引号中的句子叫做直接引语，引号外的动词叫引述动词如何把直接引语变为间接引语呢？如上面的句子可以变为： He said( that) it was time for lunch. Tom said he liked apples. Jack said Mike could swim. 直接引语变为间接引语有下列一些注意事项：、时态的变化。2、人称的
4、变化。谓语动词的变化。引导词的运用。、其他变化。,直接引语是陈述句的变化 “I dont like action films,” Lingling said. Lingling said that she didnt like action films. He said “Im here.” He said that he was there. Jake said,“There is a good film on tonight.” Jake said that there was a good film on that night. 总结：当直接引语是一般陈述句时，变为间 接引语时，用tha
5、t引导，语序不变。,直接引语是祈使句的变化 He said to the children,“Be quiet,” He told the children to be quiet.,He said to Betty“ Stop.” He asked Betty to stop. She said to Tony,“Dont go close to the bears.” She told Tony not to go close to the bears. We said to them,“Dont make any noise,please” We asked them not to ma
6、ke any noise. 总结：当直接引语是祈使句时，变为间接引语时，一般转换为 tell sb to do sth或.ask sb to do sth.,直接引语是一般疑问句的变化,She said, “Are you interested in chemistry?” She asked if whether I was interested in chemistry. Jack said,“Did you know Mike?” Jack asked (me)if I knew Mike。 总结：当直接引语是一般疑问句时，变为间接引语要用连词if或whether来引导，从句用陈述句语序
7、主句中的谓语动词是said时，要变为asked，没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语如：me,him, us.,直接引语是特殊疑问句的变化 He asked me,“What are these?” He asked me what those were. Betty asked me “Where are you from?” Betty asked me where I was from. 总结：当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变为间接引语时，要用原来的疑问词引导，从句用陈述句语序,注意事项,如果直接引语中的主语为第一人称、人称随主语做适当变化 ，变为间接引语时，人称要随句子的人称而变化。 、谓语
8、动词时态的变化 如果引述动词为一般过去时，间接引语中动词的时态一般推移到过去时间，如：一般现在时 一般过去时。现在进行时过去进行时。一般将来时过去将来时。现在完成时态过去完成时态， 当直接引语表示客观真理时，原来的时态不变。例如： The teacher said,“The sun rises in the east,” The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. 、其他变化：this that these those now then today that day tonight that night herethere yesterda
9、ythe day before tomorrowthe next day come.go.,I play sports every day.,Lets play a memory game!,What did he/she say?,I like to play basketball a lot.,I can sing very well.,Im very funny.,Im very friendly.,I work very hard.,练习题,1.He said, “please come here again tomorrow.” He asked me 2.He said,“Dont
10、 do that again.” He told me 3.He asked,“Where are you to get off,John?” He asked John 4.He asked,“How do you come to school.” He asked me 5.He asked, “Are you a teacher or a student?” He asked me 6.She asked, “Do you see a monkey?” She asked me,to go there again the next day.,not to do that again.,W
11、here he was to get off.,How I went to school,Whether I was a teacher or a student.,If/whether I saw a monkey.,将直接引语改写为间接引语,1. Lana said, “Im going to have a surprise party for Maria.“ Lana said that _. 2. The teacher said, “My students are hard-working.“ The teacher said that _. 3. Tom told Jane, “
12、I will lend my bicycle to you.“ Tom told Jane that _. 4. My friend said, “Im sorry that I d gotten mad.“ My friend said that _. 5. She asked me, “Why do you want to do that?“ She asked me_ .,参考答案,1. Lana said that she was going to have a surprise party for Maria. 2. The teacher said that his/ her st
13、udents were hardworking. 3. Tom told Jane that he would lend his bicycle to her/Jane. 4. My friend said that she was sorry that shed gotten mad. 5. She asked me why I wanted to do that.,Make a survey:做调查活动，请你的同学们谈谈他们星期天都干些什么， 然后用“He/She said (that）he/she often ”句式将结果报告给大家并写一篇书面表达。,I make a survey ab
14、out “what do students often do on sunday”.Heres the results : Lily said she often helped her mother do some housework,1.Ben told Lana that Marcia was going to have a surprise party for her.,Marcia ( is / will ) going to have a surprise party for you.,I ( am / was ) not mad at Marcia anymore.,2.Lana
15、said she wasnt mad at Marcia anymore.,I ( will / would ) go to Marcias house on Friday night.,3. Lana said she would go to Marcias house on Friday night.,I ( am / was ) not going to have the party.,4. Marcia told everyone she wasnt going to have the party.,I ( will / would ) bring some drinks and sn
16、acks to your house.,5. Lana said she would bring some drinks and snacks to Marcias house.,3a Read the newspaper story. Fill in the blanks.,“Young Lives” this week It was an exciting week for the people on the soap opera “Young Lives”. First of all, Marcia told Ben she having a surprise party for Lan
17、a, and that Lana she was going to her house to study. Then Lana Ben she mad at Marcia, and that she going to her house on Friday. So Ben told Lana that Marcia was to have a party for her. Lana told Ben that she mad at Marcia anymore, and that she go to Marcias house on Friday night. However, Marcia
18、called everyone and them that she going to have the party.,was,thought,told,was,wasnt,going,wasnt,would,told,wasnt,first of all 首先,3b Imagine the next episode of “Young Lives”. Finish the newspaper article.,Last night on “Young Lives”,it was an exciting night. There was a surprising party. Lana said
19、 she would bring some drinks and snacks to Marcias house on Friday night. But Lana forgot to bring some things. Marcia was still very glad. Then they went to the park outside the Marcias house. Marcia and Lana were surprised to see their classmates. They smiled. Then every student took out their gif
20、ts. They laughed, ate and drank. How happy they were!,pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 将某物传给某人 He passed a book to me. = He passed me a book. 他递给我一本书。 pass on 把传给另一个；转移 pass on the message 把消息传过去 1. Pass on the stick. 传递接力棒。 2. Please pass the book on one by one. 请大家传阅这本书。 3. Please read this notice and pass it on to others. 通知看后请传给其他人。,