《高考英语阅读复习-猜词.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语阅读复习-猜词.ppt（29页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、阅读技巧指导之三,高考考试说明里阅读理解的要求:,(1)理解文章主旨要义 (2)理解文中具体信息 (3)根据上下文推断生词的词义 (4)作出简单判断和推测 (5)理解文章的基本结构 (6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度,1. The underlined word “” probably means_. 2. The word “” used in paragraph “”refers to/suggests_. 3. The phrase “” in the sentence can be replaced by _. 4. Which of the following is the close
2、st in meaning to the word “”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “”? 6. By saying “”, we mean_. 7. What do you think of the expression “”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “”in the passage is related to_.,猜词规律探寻：,一.通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断
3、出生词的语义。 (1) 定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define(下定义), represent, signify(表示，表明) 等。,(2) 解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is (to say), in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 (3) 有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述
4、部分可以是词、短语或从句。 (4) 还有一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。,1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. The Greek marriage was monogamous-men and women were allowed only one spouse(配偶) at a time. 3. Pantomime refers to a short play in w
5、hich no words are spoken.,4. The harbor is protected by a jettya wall built out into the water 5. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. 6. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks.,二. 利用例证猜测语义 某些阅读文章为了证实或说明某一观点，常会举一些例子，而且时时会用一些标志性语言或标点符号来引出，如：括号
6、、破折号、冒号等或诸如 for example, for instance, such as, and so on, just as, like, similarity 等连接词或词组。 eg. 1. You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Nature, News Week, Times and The Listener. 2. Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.,3. Finally
7、 the enemy surrendered. They threw down their weapons and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads. 4. Apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol, on the skin. 5. In the corner there may be a Christmas tree with its branches decorated with shining ornaments such as colored lights and glass
8、 balls, and sometimes hung with gifts.,6. The doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye 7. Mr. Smith always arrives home punctually，neither early nor late,三.利用反义关系或同义关系推测语义 (1) 利用反义关系推测语义 有些生词的后面往往会出现一个或几个反义词，或者表转折意义的连词，词组等，抓住这些可以帮助我们推断生词语义。 标志词有 although, but, however, nevertheless(
9、然而，不过)，on the contrary, in contrast(相对), on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, instead (of), rather than 等。 (2) 利用同义关系推测语义通常情况下，英语忌讳实词重复。避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词加以代替。同义词替换的修饰方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。标志词有：or, like, similarly等。,eg. 1. She is usually prompt for all her class, but today
10、 she arrived in the middle of her first class. 2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. 3. Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck remains grubby.,4. Unlike the United States, where many different nationalities make up the population, Japans population is quit
11、e homogeneous. 5. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes. 6. He replied quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision.,7. Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy(美味)，we Chinese
12、 people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked. 8. He has been getting better，but during the night his condition deteriorated.,四.因果关系猜测词义 常见的因果信号词有：as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, since, consequently, so that, so/suchthat等。 eg. She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit be
13、cause it was too long.,The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. 2. He didnt hear my knocking at the door because he was completely engrossed in TV. 3. It rained, so the football match was postponed. 4. The young man was so bashful that he didnt speak to
14、 the pretty girl.,五.用语境猜测语义 (1)利用“小”上下文推测词义，即利用生词附近的内容推断生词词义。 I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I wont give up easily. (2)利用“大”上下文推测词义，即利用距离生词较远的内容，如整个段落、篇章等来推断生词词义。,1. When I got to the theatre, I was relieved to see that nobody was waiting inline. I was the first to get there and sure tha
15、t I could get the ticket without any problem. The underlined word “relieved” in the passage may best be replaced by _. A. surprised B. pleased C. produced D. sold,2. Apple trees may not grow as tall as twelve metres. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded dur
16、ing the winter, this cold period is good for the tree. The underlined word “yielded” in the last sentence means_. A. improved B. increased C. produced D. sold,六.利用构词法猜测语义 掌握前后缀规律， 如un-, im-, in-, dis-, il-等前缀与-less等后缀可构成反义词;后缀-ful, -ly, -ism, -ness等可改换词性。而合成词要在正确理解两词的基础上，结合上下文把握两词之间的关系，猜测词义;而对词义的转化，
17、也要求结合上下文来猜测。 1. The board has a button for each class of recycling materials as well as for unrecyclables.,2. “Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes “the two share little about their innermost feelings” 3. Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can gener
18、ally give clear reasons for their preferences-but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete,七. 利用文化背景、生活常识猜测词义 运用逻辑推理能力，结合社会文化背景和自身的生活经验以及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以下正确猜出语义。 1. Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for
19、 tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects. 2. Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold weather.,3.The driver tried to avert the accident by bringing the car to a sudden stop. 4. If a man feels very cold, he always huddles himself up. 5. What could John expect? He had left hi
20、s wet swimming trunks(游泳裤) in the dark closet for over a week. Of course they had begun to mildew.,6. A fish breathes in water with gills. 7. The old man put on his spectacles and began to read 8. The door was so low that I hit the head on the lintel,八.熟词生义: 猜测熟词的陌生意义 通常有三种情况： (1)该熟词在新的具体语境中有了和原来我们所
21、熟悉的意义不同的意思; (2)考查一些代词的指代现象; (3)新词在新的语境中变换了词性。,1. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways：education，medicine，and business. The underlined word “aging” means _. A. counting the number of years someone lives B. the numbers of years someone lives C. becoming older D. making
22、 someone looking older 2. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life?,3. Russell Moses, a Beijing-based political analyst, said in USA Today that Chinas leaders are “right to congratulate themselves, but the real test is not how they deal with success but how they address ongoing inadequacies (不足).” Among these are the imbalance in development between urban and rural areas, unemployment and environmental challenges. The underlined word “address” means _ in Chinese. 在上写地址 B. 称呼 C. 向发表讲话 D. 设法解决、处理,thank you,