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1、中国博物馆文本英译系统研究 中国博物馆文本英译系统研究 A Systematic Study on C-E Translation of Cultural Relic Texts in Museums毕业论文【中文摘要】 博物馆,是宁谧而神圣的殿堂,是人类历史文化的宝库,自1682年诞生以来就一直承担着传承文化、记忆历史的重任。它收藏文物,并对其加以保护和研究,进而发挥其沟通历史文化的桥梁作用,为科学地研究历史和历史文化提供了可靠的物质基础。从世界范围来看,无论是发达国家,还是发展中国家,都把博物馆看成民族文化对内继承对外传播不可或缺的工具和平台。而中国博物馆,更因中国文化历史悠久、形式多样、
2、内容丰富而尤为重要。伴随着全球化的进一步发展,再加上2008年北京奧运会举世震惊的“后奥运效应”,“中国元素”对世界各国都产生了极大的吸引力。在这种背景之下,为了更好地向世界介绍中国的传统文化,让世界更好地了解中国,中国博物馆文本英译似乎成了必不可少的历史需求,在跨文化传播中发挥着愈来愈重要的作用。为满足这一需求,国内很多博物馆都对展品使用英汉两种文本加以介绍,一些英文版的博物馆相关书籍也得以出版发行。其中外文出版社2002年出版的中国博物馆巡览(英文版)和2008年出版的京城博物馆(英文版),以及五洲传播出版社2004年出版的中国博物馆(英文版),都对中国博物馆文本英译和中国传统文化在世界范
3、围内的传播做出了重要的贡献。然而,由于缺乏理论指导和相关部门的足够重视,中国博物馆文本英译依然问题重重,错误百出。相关研究更是屈指可数。1991年穆善培在上海科技翻译上首次发表相关论文探讨文物翻译的“信”和“顺”的问题。十年之后,中国科技翻译在2001年第14卷第4期上刊登了试论文物名称英译文化信息的处理,对文物名称中蕴含的文化信息加以研究。随后几年间也偶尔有一两篇论文见诸期刊,但也仅仅涉及文物名词和文物翻译的“达”与“信”的问题。2006年广东外语外贸大学的一名硕士研究生在其学位论文中第一次相对深入地对文物翻译进行研究,但她也只是从文化角度探索文物翻译的归化与异化译法,并没有针对中国博物馆文
4、本进行特殊的说明。实事求是地说,中国博物馆文本英译系统研究至今为止仍是一片空白,这与其重要的地位是极不相称的。本文意欲从跨文化传播的角度,以文化的辐合会聚理论为理论基础,运用实证研究、对比分析和归纳总结的研究方法,以河南博物院为例,对博物馆文本英译进行系统的研究,探索其翻译的意义、目的、方法、性质、原则和标准;并以文化传播模式和文化的辐合会聚模式为原型,构建博物馆文本英译的翻译模式。一方面,本文抛砖引玉,意在引起权威学者的关注,对中国博物馆文本英译进行更为深入和完善的研究;另一方面,本文也具有一定的理论和实践价值。理论上,它将为翻译研究增加新的维度,拓宽研究思路,为翻译学科建设增砖添瓦;实践上
5、,它将为提高中国博物馆文本英译的质量,促进有效的跨文化交流与传播贡献绵薄之力:第一,在进行系统研究的基础之上,本文将尝试构建一个能够普遍应用于中国博物馆文本英译的翻译模式,在丰富翻译研究的同时,也能够帮助规范中国博物馆文本英译。第二,本文将对河南博物院的英文文本进行详尽的分析和研究,指出存在的问题与不足并对其加以完善,然后将其反馈给河南博物院,这必将为其提供更好的英文文本提供一定的帮助。自2009年2月23日,河南博物院已经开始闭馆整修,旨在提高其整体水平。在其关闭之前,本文作者已经采集了河南博物院的典型英文文本,论文完成之后,就能将成果提供给河南博物院供其参考利用。论文共分六章,由绪论、四章
6、正文及结语组成。第一章绪论部分简要介绍了博物馆文本翻译研究的动机、意义及目标。并简要说明了研究方法及论文的结构。第二章首先介绍了该课题研究的历史与现状。根据现有文献资料,可以清楚地看出博物馆文本翻译方面的研究尚非常缺乏。因此,为了便于深入探讨,论文首先对几个重要的概念(文化、交流和跨文化传播)加以说明,并对博物馆文物和博物馆文本进行了较为系统的研究。作者认为,只有透彻理解了博物馆文本,才能够更好地翻译它们。第三章首先总结了文化辐合会聚理论的精髓及跨文化接触和跨文化传播的模式,并对文化传播的辐合会聚模式详加说明。“辐合会聚”意味着两个及两个以上的事物朝着一个共同点、朝着对方或者朝着统一靠拢。在交
7、流的过程中,交际双方共享信息,并逐渐达到更大程度的互相理解。这一点可以在传播的辐合会聚模式中得到展示。至于跨文化接触和跨文化传播的模式,考虑到文化交际双方的关系,目前,对话模式是四种模式里面最为理想、最受青睐的一种。第四章将文化的辐合会聚理论应用于博物馆文本翻译。并尝试构建了一个翻译模式来解读这一特殊领域的翻译过程。参照这一翻译模式,结合对河南博物院英文文本的分析,中国博物馆文本英译的优缺点都得到了详细地介绍。在此基础之上,论文又归纳了博物馆文本英译的方法。第五章,在以上几章的基础上,对博物馆文本翻译的性质,过程,原则和标准进行了初步的探索。第六章总结了论文的主要观点。博物馆文本翻译是文化的重
8、要组成部分,应该从跨文化传播的角度加以研究。为了达到中国和其他国家的互相理解,为中国赢得全世界的认可,博物馆文本翻译应该参照文化辐合会聚理论进行。【英文摘要】 Museum, as a treasure house of historical culture, has been undertaking the responsibility of remembering history and communicating culture since its foundation in 1682. With the collection, preservation and study of cul
9、tural relics, museum plays an important role in bridging history and culture, and offers a solid material foundation for the scientific study of history and historical culture. Both developed and developing countries throughout the world consider museum as an indispensable platform for the exhibitio
10、n and appreciation of cultural and art treasures handed down through a long period of human history. Since Chinese culture is long in history, various in form and rich in content, Chinese museum is even more important.With the globalization of the world and the success of 2008 Olympic Games in Beiji
11、ng, “Chinese elements” greatly attract people from all over the world. Under such circumstances, the translation of cultural relic texts plays an increasingly important role in introducing and publicizing Chinese culture to foreign visitors and to the outside world. In order to spread “Chinese eleme
12、nts” throughout the world, many museums provide equivalent English texts. Some books concerning cultural relics have also been published. Among them, China Museums: Treasure Houses of History published in 2002 and Museums in Beijing published in January, 2008 by Foreign Languages Press together with
13、 Chinas Museums published by China Intercontinental Press in 2004 are the most well-known. All the materials have played an essential role in introducing Chinese traditional and national culture and carrying forward the brilliance of the cultural heritage to people throughout the world.But due to a
14、lack of theoretical direction, there are still many problems and mistakes in the translation of cultural relic texts in museums, and the study on the translation of cultural relic texts has not yet got enough attention up to now. In 1991, the first article by Mu Shanpei appeared on Shanghai Science
15、and Technology Translators Journal discussing the problem of faithfulness and smoothness of C-E translation of cultural relics. Ten years later, in 2001, the second paper dealing with the cultural information in the names of cultural relics appeared on Chinese Science and Technology Translators Jour
16、nal. In the following several years, several articles were published, yet the topics were restricted to the “expressiveness” and “faithfulness” of the translation of names of cultural relics. In 2006, a postgraduate in Guangdong University of Foreign Studies(广东外语外贸大学) wrote her thesis titled A Cultu
17、ral Study of Domestication and Foreignization in Translation of Relic Texts in Museums and offered a more detailed discussion. But she was only exploring the translation methods of foreignization and domestication from the cultural perspective, and gave no particular explanation to the translation o
18、f cultural relic texts in Chinese museums. In fact, up to now, no one has ever done any systematic study on the translation of cultural relic texts in museums from the perspective of intercultural communication.This paper, which uses the theory of intercultural communication, cultural convergence th
19、eory in particular, as its theoretical basis, will meet the needs of the time to conduct a systematic study of the translation of cultural relic texts in museums by way of case study, contrast and comparison, as well as induction. The author intends to build a simple model of the translating process
20、 of cultural relic texts in museums with reference to the modes of intercultural encounter and communication and the convergence model of communication. Moreover, on the basis of the analysis of the English texts, the nature and methods of the translation of cultural relic texts in museums will be i
21、nvestigated, and a number of principles and criteria will be presented. Most importantly, the process of the translation of cultural relic texts in museums will be clarified. If all the goals are reached, this paper will be of some importance to improve the quality of the translation of cultural rel
22、ic texts in museums, to promote effective intercultural communication, and to propose a new perspective to the study of translation.This paper consists of six chapters altogether: a general introduction, four main-body parts and a conclusion. Chapter One is the introduction of the paper. In this cha
23、pter, the author briefly introduces the rationale, the significance and the goal of the study on translation of cultural relic texts in museums. The study method and the organization of the paper will also be mentioned in this part.Chapter Two starts with the history and the current situation of the
24、 study on the translation of cultural relic texts in museums. From the literature review, it is quite obvious that the study on this subject is still inadequate. So, for the convenience of further discussion, the author starts the study with the clarification of several important concepts related (c
25、ulture, communication and intercultural communication) and a brief introduction of cultural relics and cultural relic texts in museums. The author has a strong belief that only with a thorough understanding of the cultural relic texts, translators can render them better.Chapter Three summarizes the
26、cultural convergence theory and the modes of cultural encounter and communication, the convergence model of communication in particular. “Convergence” implies that two or more things are moving towards one point, towards one another, or towards uniformity. During the process of communication, inform
27、ation is shared by two or more participants who converge over time towards a greater degree of mutual understanding. This will be manifested in the convergence model of communication. As for the modes of intercultural encounter and communication, dialogical mode is preferred among the four modes con
28、sidering the relationship of different cultures nowadays.Chapter Four applies the cultural convergence theory to the translation of cultural relic texts in museums. A model of translating process is set up to explain the process of the translation of this particular field. With the reference to the
29、model and the analysis of the English texts in Henan Museum, the merits and demerits of the translation are made clear. On this basis, the methods of the translation of cultural relic texts are induced.Chapter Five offers a general investigation of the process, the nature, the principles and criteri
30、a of the translation of cultural relic texts on the basis of the above discussion.Chapter Six concludes the main standpoints of the paper. The translation of cultural relic texts in museums is a part of culture and should be rendered from the perspective of intercultural communication. In order to r
31、each a mutual understanding between China and foreign countries and gain a worldwide acceptance, the translation of cultural relic texts in museums should be rendered in the light of cultural convergence theory.【中文关键词】 文化辐合会聚; 博物馆文本; 翻译模式; 翻译性质; 翻译原则; 翻译标准 【英文关键词】 intercultural communication; cultur
32、al convergence; cultural relic texts; translation model 【毕业论文目录】Acknowledgements 4-5 Abstract(English) 5-8 Abstract(Chinese) 9-15 Chapter One Introduction 15-18 1.1 The rationale of the study on translation of cultural relic texts 15-16 1.2 The significance of the study on translation of cultural re
33、lic texts 16 1.3 The goal of the study on translation of cultural relic texts 16-17 1.4 Research method and structure of the paper 17-18 Chapter Two Literature review and some important concepts 18-29 2.1 Literature review 18-20 2.1.1 The intercultural turn of translation 18 2.1.2 The study of trans
34、lation of cultural relic texts in museums 18-20 2.2 Some important concepts related 20-24 2.2.1 Culture 20-22 2.2.2 Communication 22-23 2.2.3 Intercultural communication 23-24 2.3 Cultural relic texts in museums 24-29 2.3.1 Functions of museums 24-28 2.3.1.1 A brief introduction of museums 24 2.3.1.
35、2 Cultural relics in museums 24-28 2.3.1.2.1 Cultural information of cultural relics 25-26 2.3.1.2.1.1 Surface-level cultural information 25-26 2.3.1.2.1.2 Middle-level cultural information 26 2.3.1.2.1.3 Deep cultural information 26 2.3.1.2.2 Values of cultural relics 26-27 2.3.1.2.3 Cultural funct
36、ions of museums 27-28 2.3.2 Cultural relic texts 28-29 Chapter Three Theoretical framework 29-38 3.1 Cultural convergence theory 29-32 3.1.1 The principle of convergence 29 3.1.2 The convergence model of communication 29-31 3.1.3 Cultural convergence theory 31-32 3.2 Modes of intercultural encounter
37、 and communication 32-36 3.2.1 Ethnocentric mode 33 3.2.2 Control mode 33-34 3.2.3 Dialectical mode 34 3.2.4 Dialogical mode 34-36 3.3 The double-swing model of communication 36-38 Chapter Four Study of translation of cultural relic texts in museums 38-57 4.1 Application of Cultural convergence theo
38、ry to the translation of cultural relics 38-39 4.1.1 Cultural convergence theory and intercultural translation 38 4.1.2 Translation of cultural relic texts from the perspective of cultural convergence theory 38-39 4.2 Translation model of cultural relic texts from the perspective of intercultural co
39、mmunication 39-42 4.3 Analysis of translation of cultural relic texts in Henan Museum 42-50 4.3.1 Good samples of the translation of cultural relic texts from the intercultural perspective 43-44 4.3.2 Translation failures in the translation of cultural relic texts in Henan Museum from the intercultu
40、ral perspective 44-50 4.3.2.1 Linguistic mistakes 44-46 4.3.2.2 Deletion of important information 46-48 4.3.2.3 Deficiency of information 48-49 4.3.2.4 Lack of unity 49-50 4.4 Methods of the translation of cultural relic texts in museums 50-57 4.4.1 Transliterating 50-53 4.4.2 Literal translation 53
41、-55 4.4.3 Explanation 55-57 Chapter Five Translation of cultural relic texts in museums:its process,nature,principles and criteria 57-68 5.1 The process of the translation of cultural relic texts 57-63 5.1.1 Preliminary factors to be considered 57-60 5.1.1.1 The nature of cultural relic texts 57-58
42、5.1.1.2 The suitable translator of cultural relic texts 58-59 5.1.1.3 The audience of translation of cultural relic texts 59-60 5.1.1.4 The purpose of translation of cultural relic texts 60 5.1.2 Process in translating cultural relic texts 60-63 5.1.2.1 Analysis of the source text 60-61 5.1.2.2 Tran
43、sfer from source to target language 61-63 5.1.2.3 Restructuring in the target language 63 5.1.2.4 Testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended audience:the feedback 63 5.2 The nature of translation of cultural relic texts 63-64 5.3 The principles and criteria of translation of cultural relic texts 64-68 5.3.1 Informativeness 65-66 5.3.2 Preciseness 66-67 5.3.3 Completeness in culture 67-68 Chapter Six Conclusion 68-70 Bibliography 70-75